Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T00:16:15.142Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Agro-pastoralist colonization of Cyprus in the 10th millennium BP: initial assessments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Edgar Peltenburg
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Old High School, Edinburgh EH1 1LT, Scotland
Sue Colledge
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31–34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, England
Paul Croft
Affiliation:
Lemba Archaeological Research Centre, 8260 Lemba, Paphos District, Cyprus
Adam Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Old High School, Edinburgh EH1 1LT, Scotland
Carole McCartney
Affiliation:
8 Metamorphosios, 8574 Kissonerga, Paphos District, Cyprus
Mary Anne Murray
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31–34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, England

Extract

Unexpectedly early evidence for the precocious spread of farming has recently emerged in Cyprus. It is argued that the transmission occurred as a result of migration related to ecosystem stress in the Levant. So strong are the connections of the colonists with the mainland that we suggest the term Cypro-Pre-Pottery Neolithic B to describe what has hitherto been a major lacuna in Cypriot prehistory. Consistent dates from key sites and the evolution of material culture indicate that this Cypro-PPNB sequence represents the hitherto elusive ancestry for the Khirokitian.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ammerman, A. 1989. On the Neolithic transition in Europe: a comment on Zvelebil & Zvelebil (1988), Antiquity 63: 1625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ammerman, A. & Cavalli-Seorza, L.. 1984. The Neolithic transition and the genetics of population in Europe. Princeton (NJ): Princetons University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anthony, D. 1997. Prehistoric migration as social process, in Chapman, J. & Hamerow, H. (ed.], Migrations and invasions in archaeological explanation: 2132. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S664.Google Scholar
Aurenche, O. & Cauvin, J. (ed.). 1989. Néolithisations. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S516.Google Scholar
Bienert, H.-D. 1991. Skull cult in the Prehistoric Near East, Journal of Prehistoric Religion 5: 923.Google Scholar
Briois Gratijze, R B. & Gutlaine, J.. 1997. Obsidiennes du site Néolithique Précéramique de Shillourokambos (Chypre), Paléorient 23: 95112.Google Scholar
Broodbank, C. & Stkasser, T.. 1991. Migrant farmers and the Neolithic colonization of Crete, Antiquity 65: 23345.Google Scholar
Cauvin, M.-C. 1973. Outillage lithique et chronologie à Tell Aswad (Damascène-Syrie), Paléorient 2: 42936.Google Scholar
Cauvin, M.-C. 1983. Les faucilles préhistoriques du Proche-Orient. Données morphologiques et fonctionnelles, Paléorient 9/1: 6379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherry, J. 1990. The first colonization of the Mediterranean Islands: a review of recent research, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3: 145221.Google Scholar
Croft, P. 1991. Man and beast in Chalcolithic Cyprus, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 282/283: 6379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croft, P. 1998. Faunal materials from Ais Yiorkis, in Simmons 1998: 56.Google Scholar
Davis, S. 1984. Khirokitia and its mammal remains a Neolithic-Noah’s Ark, in Le Brun, A. et al., Fouilles récentes à Khirokitia (Chypre) 1977–1981: 14762. Paris: ADPF. Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations 41.Google Scholar
Galili, E. & Nir, Y.. 1993. The submerged Pre-pottery Neolithic water well of Atlit-Yam, northern Israel, and its palaeo-environmental implications, The Holocene 3: 26570.Google Scholar
Garrard, A. 1999. Charting the emergence of cereal and pulse domestication in southwest Asia, Environmental Archaeology A: 6786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebel, H. Z. Kafafi & Rollefson, G. (ed.). 1997. The prehistory of Jordan 11, Perspectives from 1997. Berlin: ex oriente. Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 4.Google Scholar
Gomez, B. & Pease, P.. 1992. Early Holocene Cypriot coastal palaeogeography, Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus: 18.Google Scholar
Gopher, A. 1989. Diffusion process in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Levant: The case of the Helwan Point, in Hershkovitz, I. (ed.), People and culture in change: 91105. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S508(i).Google Scholar
Goring-Morris, N. & Belfer-Cohen, A.. 1997. The articulation of cultural processes and Late Quaternary environmental changes in Cisjordan, Paléorient 22: 7194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goring-Morris, N., Burns, R. Davidzon, A. Esiied, V. Goren, Y. Hershkivitz, I. Kangas, S. & Kelecevic, J.. 1998. The 1997 season of excavations at the mortuary site of Kfar Hahoresh, Galilee Isreal, Neo-Lithics 98: 14.Google Scholar
Guilaine, J., Briois, F. Coularou, J. Devèze, P. Philibert, S., Vigne, J-D. & CarrÈre, I.. 1998. La site néolithique précéramique de Shillourokambos (Parekklisha, Chypre), Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 122: 60310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilaine, J., Briois, F., Vigne, J-D., & Carrère, I.. 2000. Découverte d’un Néolithique précéramique ancien chypriote (fin 9”, début 8” millénaires cal. BC), apparenté au PPNB ancien/moyen du Levant nord, Earth and Planetary Sciences 300: 7582.Google Scholar
Harris, D. 1996. Introduction: themes and concepts in the study of early agriculture, in Harris (ed.): 19. (Ed.). 1996. The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia. London: UCL Press.Google Scholar
Harris, D. 1998. The origins of agriculture in southwest Asia, The Review of Archaeology 19: 511.Google Scholar
Held, S. 1989. Colonization cycles on Cyprus 1: The biogeographic and paleontological foundations of early prehistoric settlement, Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus: 728.Google Scholar
Held, S. 1992. Colonization and extinction on Early Prehistoric Cyprus, in Astrom, P. (ed.), Acta Cyprus: Acts of an International Congress on Cypriote Archaeology Held in Goteborg on 22–24 August 1991: 10464. Jonsered: Åström. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology Pocket-book 114.2.Google Scholar
Heun, M., Schäfer-Pregl, R. Klawan, D. Castagna, R. Accerbi, M. Borghi, B. & Salamini, F.. 1997. Site of Einkorn wheat domestication identified by DNA fingerprinting, Science 278: 131213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmboe, J. 1914. Studies on the vegetation of Cyprus. Bergens Museum Skrifter: A/S John Griegs Boktrykkeri.Google Scholar
Le Brun, A. 1989. La néolifhisation de Chypre, in Aurenche, O. & Cauvin, J. (ed.): 95107.Google Scholar
Mccartney, C. 1999. Opposed platform core technology and the Cypriot aceramic Neolithic, Neo-Lithics 1: 710.Google Scholar
Mccartney, C. In press. The chipped stone assemblage from Tenta (Cyprus), cultural and chronological implications, in Canev, I., (ed.), Beyond tools. Reconsidering definitions, counting and interpretation of lithic assemblages, Workshop on PPN chipped lithic industries. Venice, November 1998.Google Scholar
Meikle, R. 1985. The flora of Cyprus (vol 2). Kew: Royal Botanical Gardens.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E. et al. Forthcominga. Lemba Archaeological Project III. 1 : Excavations at Kissonerga-Mylouthkia 1977–1995. Jonsered: Åström: Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 70:4.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E., Colledge, S. Croft, P. Jackson, A. Mccartney, C. & Murray, M.. Forthcoming Neolithic, b. dispersals from the Levantine Corridor: a Mediterranean perspective, Levant 33.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E., Croft, P. Jackson, A. Mccartney, C. & Murray, M.. In press. Well established colonists: Mylouthkia 1 and the Cypro-Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, in Swiny, S. (ed.), The earliest prehistory of Cyprus: from colonization to exploitation. Boston (MA): American Schools of Oriental Research.Google Scholar
Quintero, L., Wilke, P. & Waines, J.. 1997. Pragmatic studies of Near Eastern Neolithic sickle blades, in Gebel et al. (ed,): 26386.Google Scholar
Rollefson, G., Simmons, A. & Kafafi, Z.. 1992. Neolithic Cultures at ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan, Journal of Field Archaeology 19: 44370.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M., Nesbitt, R. Redding, R. Peasnall, B. 1998. Hallan Çemi, pig husbandry, and post-Pleistocene adaptations along the Taurus-Zagros Arc (Turkey), Paléorient 24: 2542.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M. & Peasnall, B.. 1998. A report on soundings as Demirkoy Hoyük: an aceramic Neolithic Site in Eastern Anatolia, Anatolica 24: 195207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, D. 1970. The postmigration culture: a base for archaeological inference, in Longacre, W. (ed.), Reconstructing prehistoric Pueblo societies: 17593. Albuquerque(NM): University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Simmons, A. 1998. Test excavations at two aceramic Neolithic sites on the uplands of Western Cyprus, Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus: 116.Google Scholar
Simmons, A. & Associates. 1999. Faunal extinction in an island society: pygmy hippopotamus hunters of Cyprus. New York (NY): Plenum.Google Scholar
Stanley Price, N. 1977. Khirokitia and the initial settlement of Cyprus, Levant 9: 6689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stordeur, D. 1999. Organisation de l’espace construit et organisation sociale dans le Néolithique de Jerf el Ahmar (Syrie, X-IX millénaire av. J.C.), in Braemer, F. Cleuziou, S. & Coudart, A. (ed.), Habitat et société: 13149. Antibes: Éditions APDCA.Google Scholar
Todd, I.A. 1987. Vasilikos Valley Project 6. Excavations at Kalavassos-Tenta 1. Göteberg: Åström. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 71: 6.Google Scholar
Valkoun, J., Waines, J. & Konopka, J.. 1998. Current geographical distribution and habitat of wild wheats and barley, in Damania, A. Valkoun, J. Willcox, G. & Qualset, C. (ed.), The origins of agriculture and crop domestication: 29399. Aleppo: ICARDA.Google Scholar
Van Andel, T. & Runnels, C.. 1995. The earliest farmers in Europe, Antiquity 69: 481500.Google Scholar
Van Zeist, W. & De Roller, G.. 1991–92. The plant husbandry of Aceramic Çayònü, SE Turkey. Palaeohistoria 33/34: 6596.Google Scholar
Vigne, J-D., Carrère, I., Saliège, J-F Person, A. Bocherens, H. Guilaine, J. & Briois, F.. In press. Predomestic cattle, sheep, goat and pig during the late 9th and the 8th millennium cal. BC on Cyprus: Preliminary results of Shillourokambos (Parekklisha, Limassol), in Buítenhaus, H.. Mashkour, M. & Popiin, F. (ed.), Archaeozoology of the Near East IV, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on archaeology of southwestern Asia and adjacent areas. Groningen: Archaeological Research & Consultancy.Google Scholar
Watkins, T. 1973. Some problems of the Neolithic and Chaleolithic period in Cyprus, Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus: 3461.Google Scholar
Zohary, D. 1996. The mode of domestication of the founder crops of Southwest Asian agriculture, in Harris (ed.): 14258.Google Scholar
Zohary, D. & Hope, M.. 1993. Domestication of plants in the old world. (2nd edition). Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar