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A Curious Type of Stone St. John's Head

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2012

Extract

In certain continental museums there are examples of a curious form of detached St. John's Heads, made of a sort of hard alabaster, all so much alike as to indicate that they must all have been carved in one locality (and very probably in one workshop), and within a fairly short period of time. These heads, which seem clearly not to be English in origin—although by some scholars it has been assumed that they were—differ from medieval English alabaster carvings in character and in style, as well as in material.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1937

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References

page 419 note 1 Mentioned by Swarzenski, G., ‘Deutsche Alabasterplastik des 15. Jahrhunderts’, in Städeljahrbuch, i (1920), 170.Google Scholar

page 419 note 2 Reproduced from a postcard, by courtesy of the Hanover Museum.

page 420 note 1 Cf. Destrée, J., ‘Sculptures en albâtre de Nottingham’, in Ann. Soc. d'Archéologie de Bruxelles, xxiii (1909), fig. 1.Google Scholar

page 420 note 2 As I have not found these two heads catalogued in Die Bildwerke des bayerischen Nationalmuseums: Die Bildwerke in Holz und Stein vom XII. Jahrhundert bis 1450, by Halm, P. M. and Lill, G., Augsburg, 1924,Google Scholar I presume that they are now assigned to a period later than 1450. Examples of alabaster heads at Mainz and at Innsbruck are mentioned by Swarzenski, (loc. cit.)Google Scholar in a context which suggests that they are of the same type as those I have cited; as, however, I know nothing of them beyond his citation, I cannot say how closely they correspond to the heads of our pls. LXXXIX, 1, and xc, 1.

page 420 note 3 Cf. loc. cit.

page 420 note 4 Cf. Hope, W. H. St. John, ‘On the sculptured alabaster tablets called St. John's Heads’, in Archaeologia, lii (1890), 669CrossRefGoogle Scholarseqq. For a discussion of a seeming relationship of these tablets (and perhaps also of the popular representations of St. John's Head on its dish) with the course of the year or that of the sun, see Hildburgh, W. L., ‘Iconographical Peculiarities in English Medieval Alabaster Carvings’, in Folk-Lore, xliv (1933), 145seqq.Google Scholar

page 421 note 1 Reproduced from Antiq. Journ. viii (1928), pl. XVII,Google Scholar with description on pp. 62 seq. Another head of the kind is in the Ashmolean Museum (cf. Illustrated Cat. English Medieval Alabaster Work [Soc. Antiquaries, 1910], London, 1913, no. 9).Google Scholar

page 421 note 2 For a number of typical examples, cf. Witte, F., Die Skulpturen der Sammlung Schnütgen in Cöln, Berlin, 1912, pl. 52.Google Scholar

page 421 note 3 A line-engraving of a wooden head, set vertically in a dish standing on three short legs, is given (fig. 28, on p. 146) in Andree's, R.Votive und Weihegaben des katholischen Volks in Süddeutschland, Brunswick, 1904.Google Scholar

page 422 note 1 Cf. Witte, , op. cit., pl. 52,Google Scholar no. 4 (also in Zeitschr. für christliche Kunst, xxii [1909], pl. vi, no. 2)Google Scholar; Sale Cat. of L. Minard Collection, Ghent, 1883, pl. xxv.Google Scholar

page 422 note 2 Die Skulpturen der Sammlung Schnütgen…, 50 seqq., section on ‘Die Johannisschüsseln’.

page 422 note 3 Cf. ibid., 52.

page 422 note 4 Op. cit., 146.

page 422 note 5 Cf. Halm, and Lill, , op. cit., fig. 242 and pp. 61Google Scholarseq.

page 423 note 1 St. John Baptist was invoked for the relief of epilepsy, vertigo, spasms, convulsions, St. Vitus's dance, and infants' illnesses; cf. de Segange, L. Du Broc, Les Saints patrons des corporations et protecteurs, Paris, 1887, 504.Google Scholar