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Structurally preserved fungi from Antarctica: diversity and interactions in late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic polar forest ecosystems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 March 2016

Carla J. Harper ,
Thomas N. Taylor ,
Michael Krings  and
Edith L. Taylor
Carla J. Harper*
Affiliation:
Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, and Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
Thomas N. Taylor
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, and Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
Michael Krings
Affiliation:
Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, and Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
Edith L. Taylor
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, and Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
*
c.harper@lrz.uni-muenchen.de
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Abstract

Chert and silicified wood from the Permian through Cretaceous of Antarctica contain abundant information on fungal diversity and plant–fungal interactions. The chert deposits represent a particularly interesting setting for the study of plant–fungal interactions because they preserve remains of distinctive high latitude forest ecosystems with polar light regimes that underwent a profound climate change from icehouse to greenhouse conditions. Moreover, some of the cherts and wood show the predominance of extinct groups of seed plants (e.g. Glossopteridales, Corystospermales). Over the past 30 years, documentation of fossil fungi from Antarctica has shifted from a by-product of plant descriptive studies to a focused research effort. This paper critically reviews the published record of fungi and fungal associations and interactions in the late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic cherts and silicified wood from Antarctica; certain fungal palynomorphs and fungal remains associated with adpression fossils and cuticles are also considered. Evidence of mutualistic (mycorrhizal), parasitic and saprotrophic fungi associated with plant roots, stems, leaves and reproductive organs is presented, together with fungi occurring within the peat matrix and animal–fungus interactions. Special attention is paid to the morphology of the fungi, their systematic position and features that can be used to infer fungal nutritional modes.

Keywords

CretaceousJurassicmycorrhizapeatPermianTriassic
Type
Synthesis
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , June 2016 , pp. 153 - 173
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© Antarctic Science Ltd 2016 

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