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Excavations at Haliartos, 1931

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2013

Extract

The excavations which I undertook at Haliartos in 1926 were intended mainly as a test of the possibilities of the site. The principal result was the discovery on the summit of the Acropolis of a previously unknown sanctuary. For various reasons it was not possible at that time thoroughly to explore the remains of the sanctuary, but in 1931 I received a grant from the Research Committee of the University of Birmingham to enable me to do this. The excavation was carried out in April 1931. The Greek Government was represented by Mr. Karouzos, Ephor of Antiquities for the district. In the work of supervision I was assisted by my wife. Mr. Richards of the Lake Copais Company's surveying staff kindly made the plan of the site. I have since paid another visit to Boeotia to complete my study of the results.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1932

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References

page 180 note 1 Published B.S.A. xxvii, p. 81 and xxviii, p. 128.

page 180 note 2 Easter 1933. My list of obligations in addition to those mentioned is a long one. My journeys to Greece both in 1931 and in 1933 were undertaken with the aid of grants from the University of Birmingham Research Committee. I am greatly indebted to Mr. G. L. Bailey, General Manager of the Lake Copais Company, for repeating his kindness shewn during the 1926 excavation and supplying me again with tools for the work and allowing my wife and myself to be accommodated in the Copais Compound ; also to Mr. Daniel Steele of the Copais Company for his interest and assistance in many ways. My warm thanks are also due to Mr. Karouzos for the hospitality of his house while I was in Thebes.

It was my good fortune in 1933 to be working in Thebes Museum at the same time as Professor P. N. Ure, who placed his unrivalled knowledge of Boeotian pottery at my disposal. He has since increased my debt to him by reading and improving the section on pottery.

I have had the privilege of discussing my discoveries and conclusions with a number of scholars and have benefited by their knowledge and their views. I name Professor Beazley, Mr Marcus Tod, Mr. Payne, Prof. Wace, Mr. Karouzos, and Mr. R. H. Jenkins.

page 186 note 1 Robertson, Greek and Roman Architecture, p.42.

page 186 note 2 Frödin, and Persson, , Bull, de la Soc. Roy. des Lettres de Lund, 19241925, fase. 2, pls. VII, I, XI, I.Google Scholar

page 186 note 3 Fouilles de Delphes, II, I, figs. 115–120; other parallels, Robertson, l.c.

page 187 note 1 See also under Inscriptions B I.

page 188 note 1 B.S.A. xxviii, 140.

page 188 note 2 But see Historical Appendix, p. 209.

page 188 note 3 IX, 33. I.

page 192 note 1 Payne, Necrocorinthia, p. 334, no. 1516.

page 192 note 2 See Ure, Sixth- and Fifth-Century Pottery from Rhitsona, p. 40: it is near to lip-type j.

page 192 note 3 By Professor Ure.

page 193 note 1 Ure, op. cit. pl. xxii, no. 5. 18 ; B.S.A. xiv, pl. xiii, e

page 193 note 2 I cite two examples only: a Chalcidian hydria in Tarquinia, Rumpf, Chalk. Vasen, pl. cxlv; a red-figure neck-amphora in Munich, Beazley, Berliner Maler, pl. 9. I; in this the position of the hands is just as in the Haliartos fragments.

page 194 note 1 Since this was written Prof. Beazley, who referred me to these parallels for the ‘Friendship» bowls, has kindly sent me his notes of the following additions : Athens no. 2500, Εὐημερίας Skimatari (Tanagra), ᾿´Ερωτος Also,with a different kind of legend: Athens no. 12351, Παυσίλυπος Athens, another vase with same number, ῾Ηδύποτος

page 195 note 1 B.S.A. xxviii, p. 131.

page 197 note 1 Δελτ 1923, P. 218 and fig. 7; J.H.S. 1932, p. 98.

page 197 note 2 J.H.S. 1932, p. 100.

page 198 note 1 e.g. Inschr. v. Magnesia a.M., 2, 4, 6, etc.

page 198 note 2 I.G. IX, ii 60, 61, etc.

page 198 note 3 See Historical Appendix, p. 210 infra.

page 199 note 1 Ure, Sixth- and Fifth-Century Pottery, p. 38.

page 201 note 1 Greek and Roman Bronzes, pp. 45, 46.

page 203 note 1 Homer, Il. iv, 8 ; Strabo, ix, p. 413 ; Paus, ix, 33. 4.

page 204 note 1 See appendix on the history of Haliartos (p. 211 below).

page 205 note 1 IG. IV, 39, and Furtwängler, Aegina, p. 490.

page 205 note 2 Il. ii, 503.

page 206 note 1 Strabo ix, p. 415.

page 206 note 2 See Paus, ix, 34. 5; 36. 3–4; Homer, , Il. ii, 511 ff.Google Scholar; according to these genealogies there were six or eight generations between the founding of Haliartos and the Trojan War, a reckoning which would throw the date ofits foundation back to the fifteenth century B.C. Cf. on the date of the ‘Mycenaean’ walls, B.S.A. xxvii, p. 82.

page 206 note 3 The importance of Thebes in relation to Orchomenos in the Late Bronze Age are far from clear, but it is certain that Thebes was even then a formidable power.

page 206 note 4 ix, 32. 4.

page 206 note 5 Journal de Philologie, N.S. 1895, pp. 109–15.

page 207 note 1 See the notable passage in Pindar, Isth. vii, 5–16. Even fifty years afterwards the Thebans could feel the sting of this reproach, and the need to explain away the conduct of their city (e.g. Thuc. iii, 62).

page 207 note 2 It has been suggested by Head (B.M. Coins, Central Greece, p. xxxix) that the silver coinage of Haliartos with an amphora on the reverse side may have been issued to signalise the autonomy of their municipality by the democratic party which ruled in Haliartos during the decade of freedom from Theban control.

page 207 note 3 Thuc. iv, 93.

page 207 note 4 Plutarch, Lysander xxviii.

page 228 note 1 Hellenica, iii, 5. 17–25.

page 228 note 2 Lysander, xxviii.

page 228 note 3 It is uncertain whether there was an outer town-wall at this date.

page 209 note 1 xiv, 81.

page 209 note 2 iii, 5. 3.

page 209 note 3 Xenophon l.c.

page 209 note 4 ix, 32. 4; 33. I.

page 210 note 1 On the T. of Alkmena see now Persson, Ark. Stud, tillägnade Kronpr. Gust. Adolf, 295/307.

page 211 note 1 This should be Thisbe. Livy's mistake was apparently derived from Polybius xxvii, 5, where also Θίσβας should be read instead of Θήβας see C.A.H. viii, 260 note. In the remainder of the passage quoted above the Thebans are correctly represented as having maintained lovalty to Rome.

page 211 note 2 xlii, 46.

page 211 note 3 B.S.A. xxviii, p. 147, nos. 10, II.

page 211 note 4 xxx, 18.

page 211 note 5 I.G vii, 2850 ; it is dated by the name of the Athenian archon.

page 211 note 6 ibidem, note.

page 212 note 1 Strabo writes (ix, p. 411) as though this state of affairs still existed in his day: there is nothing to shew how much longer it continued. The single Attic coin of the second century A.D. found in the 1926 excavation (B.S.A. xxviii, p. 139, 6) is not a conclusive witness, as it may have been dropped by a visitor, Pausanias or another.