Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-5g6vh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T19:23:28.770Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of a charcoal powder–wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2008

A. Mekbungwan ,
K. Yamauchi ,
T. Sakaida  and
T. Buwjoom
A. Mekbungwan
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
K. Yamauchi*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa-ken 761-0795, Japan
T. Sakaida
Affiliation:
Gifu Shotokugakuen University, 1-1 Takakuwa Nishi Yanaizu-cho, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-61, Japan
T. Buwjoom
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
*
E-mail: yamauchi@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp
Get access

Abstract

Histological intestinal villus alterations were studied in piglets fed a raw pigeon pea meal (PM) diet including a powder mixture of amorphous charcoal carbon and wood vinegar compound solution (CWVC). Twenty-eight male castrated piglets were divided into seven dietary groups of four piglets each. The control group was fed raw PM supplemented to the basal diet (178 g/kg crude protein, 4.23 kcal/g gross energy) at 0 g/kg (CONT), 200 g/kg (PM200) and 400 g/kg (PM400). The treatment groups were fed CWVC in both PM200 and PM400 diet groups at levels of 10 g/kg and 30 g/kg (PM200 + CWVC10, PM200 + CWVC30, PM400 + CWVC10 and PM400 + CWVC30). With increasing dietary PM levels, daily feed intake tended to increase. In contrast, daily body-weight gain tended to decrease, significantly in the PM400 group (P < 0.05), resulting in a significant decrease of feed efficiency in PM groups (P < 0.05). Body-weight gain and feed efficiency were higher in the CWVC groups compared with the PM groups. The duodenum and ileum were longer (P < 0.05) in the PM400 group than in CONT, but were similar to CONT in CWVC groups. The liver was heavier (P < 0.05), whereas the weights of the heart, kidney and stomach were decreased in the CWVC groups than in other groups. Most values for the intestinal villus height, cell area and cell mitosis number were lower in PM groups than those in CONT (P < 0.05) for each intestinal segment; however, these values were higher in CWVC groups than in PM groups (P < 0.05). The epithelial cells on the duodenal villus surface of the PM200 group showed cell morphology almost similar to CONT. However, the PM400 group had a smooth villus surface due to the presence of flat cells. The epithelial cells of the CWVC groups were protuberated, resulting in a much rougher surface than CONT. The current growth performance and histological intestinal alterations in piglets fed PM and PM + CWVC diets demonstrate that the intestinal features might be atrophied by feeding PM, resulting in decreased growth performance. CWVC might prevent the harmful effects of PM dietary toxins on intestinal function, resulting in a normal growth performance.

Keywords

charcoal powder–wood vinegarintestinal histologypigeon peapigs
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 2 , Issue 3 , March 2008 , pp. 366 - 374
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aarti, D, Neelam, K, Saroj, B 2001. Saponin content and trypsin inhibitor activity in processed and cooked pigeon pea cultivars. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 52, 53–59.Google Scholar
Anjaneyulu, Y, Rama Rao, P, Gopal Naidu, NR 1993. Experimental aflatoxicosis and its amelioration by activated charcoal in broiler chicken – study on performance and haematology. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 24, 51–54.Google Scholar
Batterham, ES, Saini, HS, Andersen, LM, Baigent, RD 1993. Tolerance of growing pigs to trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and pigeonpeas (Cajanus cajan). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 61, 211–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjakul, S, Visessanguan, W, Thummaratwasik, P 2000. Isolation and characterization of trypsin inhibitors from Thai legume seeds. Journal of Food Biochemistry 24, 107–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brenes, A, Marquardt, RR, Guenter, W, Viveros, A 2002. Effect of enzyme addition on the performance and gastrointestinal tract size of chicks fed lupin seed and their fractions. Poultry Science 81, 670–678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspary, WF 1992. Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55, 299s–308s.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheva-Isarakul, B 1992. Pigeon pea as a ruminant feed. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 5, 549–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corring, T 1974. Feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion in the pig. Annales de Biologie Animals Biochimie Biophysiqua 14, 487–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalvi, RR, McGowan, C 1984. Experimental induction of chronic aflatoxicosis in chickens by purified aflatoxin B1 and its reversal by activated charcoal, Phenobarbital, and reduced glutathione. Poultry Science 63, 485–491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dudley, MA, Wykes, LJ, Dudley, JRAW, Burrin, DG, Nichols, BL, Rosenberger, J, Jahoor, F, Heird, WC, Reeds, P 1998. Parenteral nutrition selectively decreases protein synthesis in the small intestine. American Journal of Physiology 274 Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology (37), G131–G137.Google ScholarPubMed
Edrington, TS, Kubena, LF, Harvey, RB, Rottinghaus, GE 1997. Influence of a superactivated charcoal on the toxic effects of aflatoxin or T-2 toxin in growing broiler. Poultry Science 76, 1205–1211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Godbole, SA, Krishna, TG, Bhatia, CR 1994. Purification and characterization of protease inhibitors from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millisp) seed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 64, 87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, G, Dorward, PM, Pusztai, A 1993. Pancreatic enlargement is evident in rats fed diets containing raw soybeans (Glycine max) or cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) for 800 days but not in those fed diets based on kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) or lupinseed (Lupinus angustifolius). The Journal of Nutrition 123, 2207–2215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herkelman, KL, Cromwell, GL, Stahly, TS, Pferiffer, TW, Knabe, DA 1992. Apparent digestibility of amino acids in raw and heated conventional and low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans for pigs. Journal Animal Science 70, 818–826.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iji, PA, Saki, A, Tivey, DR 2001. Intestinal development and body growth of broiler chicks on diets supplemented with nonstarch polysaccharides. Animal Feed Science and Technology 89, 175–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jambunathan R, and Singh U 1980. Grain quality of pigeon pea. In Proceedings of an international workshop on Pigeon peas. Patancheru, ICRISAT. Hyderabad, India 1, 351–356.Google Scholar
Langhout, DJ, Schutte, JB, Van Leevwen, P, Wiebenga, J, Tamminga, S 1999. Effect of dietary high and low methyllated citrus pectin on the activity of the ileal microflora and morphology of the small intestinal wall of broiler chicks. British Poultry Science 40, 340–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez-Pedrosa, JM, Torres, MI, Fernandez, MI, Rios, A, Gil, A 1998. Severe malnutrition alters lipid composition and fatty acid profile of small intestine in newborn piglets. Journal of Nutrition 128, 224–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mekbungwan, A, Yamauchi, K 2004. Growth performance and histological intestinal alterations in piglets fed dietary raw and heated pigeon pea seed meal. Histology and Histopathology 19, 381–389.Google ScholarPubMed
Mekbungwan, A, Yothinsirikul, W, Thongwittaya, N, Yamauchi, K 1999. Effect of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) seed meal on growth performance in piglets and growing pigs. Animal Science Journal 70, 201–206.Google Scholar
Mekbungwan, A, Yamauchi, K, Thongwittaya, N 2002. Intestinal morphology and enteral nutrient absorption of pigeon pea seed meal in piglets. Animal Science Journal 73, 509–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mekbungwan, A, Yamauchi, K, Thongwittaya, N 2003. Histological alterations of intestinal villi in growing pigs fed soybean and pigeon pea seed meals. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, 755–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mekbungwan, A, Thongwittaya, N, Yamauchi, K 2004a. Digestibility of soybean and pigeon pea seed meals and morphological intestinal alterations in pigs. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 66, 627–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mekbungwan, A, Yamauchi, K, Sakaida, T 2004b. Intestinal villus histological alterations in piglets fed dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compound liquid. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia 33, 11–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mizubuti, IY, Fonseca, NAN, Pinheiro, JW, Motter, AA, Van Dijk, JM, Gois, RM, Eleuterio, FB 1995. [Effects of utilization of raw pigeon pea ground (Cajanus cajan (L.). Millsp) on the performance of broilers]. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnica 24, 590–598.Google Scholar
Nabuurs, MJA, Hoogendoorn, A, Van der Molen, EJ, Van Osta, ALM 1993. Villus height and crypt depth in weaned and unweaned pigs, reared under various circumstances in the Netherlands. Research in Veterinary Science 55, 78–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olkowski, BI, Classen, HL, Wojnarowicz, C, Olkowski, AA 2005. Feeding high levels of lupine seeds to broiler chickens: plasma micronutrient status in the context of digesta viscosity and morphometric and ultrastructural changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Poultry Science 84, 1707–1715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oshodi, AA, Olaofe, O, Hall, GM 1993. Amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral composition of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 43, 187–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, YK, Monaco, MM, Donovan, SM 1998. Delivery of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via umbilical catheterization: development of a piglet model to investigate therapies to improve gastrointestinal structure and enzyme activity during TPN. Biology of The Neonate 73, 295–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rani, S, Jood, S, Sehgal, S 1996. Cultivar differences and effect of pigeon pea seeds boiling on trypsin inhibitor activity and in vitro digestibility of protein and starch. Nahrung 40, S.145–S.146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, SC, Phillips, WA 2001. Sub-tropical grain legume-A potential forage for southern plains. In Proceedings of the 56th southern pasture and forage crop improvement conference. Springdale, AR, pp. 47–51.Google Scholar
Ritz, CW, Hulet, RM, Self, BB, Tsao, T 1995. Growth and intestinal morphology of male turkeys as influenced by dietary supplementation of amylase and xylanase. Poultry Science 74, 1329–1334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samanya, M, Yamauchi, K 2001. Morphological changes of the intestinal villi in chickens fed the dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compounds. Journal of Poultry Science 38, 289–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samanya, M, Yamauchi, K 2002. Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried bacillus subtilis var. natto. Comp. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 133, 95–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, A, Sehgal, S 1992. Effect of domestic processing, cooking and germination on the trypsin inhibitor activity and tannin content of faba bean (Vicia faba). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 42, 127–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simoongwe V 1998. The performance of large white and local Malawian pigs fed rations based on soybeans, cow peas and pigeon peas. MSc thesis, University of Malawi, Bunda College of Agriculture, Malawi.Google Scholar
Singh, U 1988. Antinutritional factors of chickpea and pigeon pea and their removal by processing. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 38, 251–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tana, S, Watarai, W, Kodama, LH, Iwakiri, Y 2003. Eliminating the carriage of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in domestic fowls by feeding activated charcoal containing wood vinegar liquid (Nekka-rich). Proceeding of Jan. J. Vet. Sci, 135–140.Google Scholar
Yamauchi, K, Buwjoom, T, Koge, K, Ebashi, T 2006a. Histological alterations of the intestinal villi and epithelial cells in chickens fed dietary sugar cane extract. British Poultry Science 47, 544–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamauchi, K, Buwjoom, T, Koge, K, Ebashi, T 2006b. Histological intestinal recovery in chickens refed dietary sugar cane extract. Poultry Science 85, 645–651.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yasar, S, Forbes, JM 1999. Performance and gastro-intestinal response of broiler chicks fed on cereal grain-based foods soaked in water. British Poultry Science 40, 65–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yen, JT, Jensen, AH, Simon, J 1977. Effect of dietary raw soybean and soybean trypsin inhibitor on trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and in small intestinal juice of growing swine. The Journal of Nutritrition 107, 156–165.Google ScholarPubMed
Zijlstra, RT, Whang, KY, Easter, RA, Odle, J 1996. Effect of feeding a milk replacer to early-weaned pigs on growth, body composition, and small intestinal morphology, compared with suckled littermates. Journal of Animal Science 74, 2948–2959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed