Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-t6hkb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T03:58:19.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2015

M. Thompson ,
R. Lochmann ,
H. Phillips  and
T. D. Sink
M. Thompson
Affiliation:
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 N. University Drive, Pine Bluff, AK, USA
R. Lochmann*
Affiliation:
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 N. University Drive, Pine Bluff, AK, USA
H. Phillips
Affiliation:
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 N. University Drive, Pine Bluff, AK, USA
T. D. Sink
Affiliation:
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 N. University Drive, Pine Bluff, AK, USA
*
†E-mail: rebecca.lochmann@yahoo.com
Get access

Abstract

Channel catfish raised in the southern United States require two growing seasons to reach market size. Growing seasons are separated by a cool period of about 3 months when feed intake and growth are greatly reduced. A cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. We conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°C) to determine the effects of supplementing diets with either a dairy/yeast prebiotic or flaxseed oil (high in 18:3n-3) compared with a control with soybean oil (high in 18:2n-6). The trial was conducted in recirculating systems with 1140-l tanks containing 100 fish each (mean initial weight 61.4 g±0.43 s.e.m.). A 28%-protein basal diet was supplemented with 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg soybean oil (SBO, control), 20 g/kg cellulose and 20 g/kg flaxseed oil (FLAX) or 20 g/kg of a dairy/yeast prebiotic and 20 g/kg soybean oil (PREB). Fish were fed once daily to satiation and weighed every 3 weeks to track growth. Hematology, non-specific immune responses, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle were determined to assess diet effects. Catfish-fed FLAX or PREB had higher weight gain, feed consumption and lysozyme activity than fish fed SBO. Total n-3 fatty acids in muscle were higher in fish fed SBO or FLAX than those fed PREB. Total n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated acids were higher in muscle of fish fed PREB than those fed SBO. Fatty acids in the PREB and SBO diets were similar, so the PREB appeared to increase elongation and desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in muscle. Flaxseed oil and the dairy/yeast prebiotic both have potential to increase catfish performance at a low temperature.

Keywords

catfishlipidsprebioticslow temperature
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 9 , Issue 7 , July 2015 , pp. 1113 - 1119
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-Harbi, AH and Uddin, MN 2004. Seasonal variation in the intestinal bacterial flora of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus) cultured in earthen ponds in Saudi Arabia. Aquaculture 229, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1995. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bell, MV, Henderson, RJ and Stickney, JR 1986. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 83B, 711–719.Google Scholar
Bowden, TJ 2008. Modulation of the immune system of fish by their environment. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 25, 373–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buentello, JA, Neill, WH and Gatlin, DM III 2010. Effects of dietary prebiotics on growth, feed efficiency and nonspecific immunity of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus fed soybean-based diets. Aquaculture Research 41, 411–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burr, G, Gatlin, DM III and Hume, M 2009. Effects of the prebiotics GroBiotic®-A and inulin on the intestinal microbiota of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 40, 440–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burr, G, Hume, M, Neill, WH and Gatlin, DM III 2008. Effects of prebiotics on nutrient digestibility of a soybean-meal-based diet by red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus). Aquaculture Research 39, 1680–1686.Google Scholar
Emerson, K, Russo, RC, Lund, RE and Thurston, RV 1975. Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations: effects of pH and temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32, 2379–2383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floch, MH 2010. The effect of probiotics on host metabolism: the microbiota and fermentation. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 44 (suppl. 1), 19–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M and Sloane-Stanley, GH 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fracalossi, DM and Lovell, RT 1995. Growth and liver polar fatty acid composition of year-1 channel catfish fed various lipid sources at two water temperatures. Progressive Fish-Culturist 57, 107–113.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, GR and Roberfroid, MB 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. Journal of Nutrition 125, 1401–1412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffin, IJ and Abrams, SA 2008. Effects of prebiotics on mineral absorption: mechanisms of action. In Handbook of prebiotics (ed. GR Gibson and MB Roberfroid), pp. 93–104. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagi, T, Tanaka, D, Iwamura, Y and Hoshino, T 2004. Diversity and seasonal changes in lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract of cultured freshwater fish. Aquaculture 234, 335–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatch, U, Hanson, TR, Kim, MK and Lovell, RT 1998. Economic analysis of overwinter feeding regimens for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture Economics and Management 2, 141–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazel, JR and Williams, EE 1990. The role of alterations in membrane lipid composition in enabling physiological adaptation of organisms to their physical environment. Progress in Lipid Research 29, 167–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houston, AH 1990. Blood and circulation. In Methods for fish biology (ed. C Schreck and CG Moyle), pp. 273–334. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, TH and Manning, MJ 1996. Seasonal trends in serum lysozyme activity and total protein concentration in dab sampled from Lyme Bay. U.K. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 6, 473–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, J, Koban, M and Prosser, CL 1988. Cold-acclimation induced protein hypertrophy in channel catfish and green sunfish. Journal of Comparative Physiology 158, 185–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, P and Gatlin, DM III 2004. Dietary brewers yeast and the prebiotic GrobioticTM AE influence growth performance, immune response and resistance of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to Streptococcus iniae infection. Aquaculture 231, 445–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lingenfelser, JT, Blazer, VS and Gay, J 1995. Influence of fish oils in production catfish feeds on selected disease resistance factors. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5, 37–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lochmann, R, Sink, T and Phillips, H 2009. Effects of dietary lipid concentration, a dairy/yeast prebiotic, and fish and non-fish protein sources on growth, survival, and non-specific immune response of golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, in indoor tanks and outdoor pools. North American Journal of Aquaculture 71, 16–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lochmann, RT, Sink, TD and Phillips, H 2011. Effects of dietary lipid concentration and a dairy/yeast prebiotic on growth, body composition, and survival of stressed goldfish challenged with Flavobacterium columnare . North American Journal of Aquaculture 73, 239–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacMillan, JR and Santucci, T 1990. Seasonal trends in intestinal bacterial flora of farm-raised channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2, 217–222.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magnadottir, B, Jonsdottir, H, Helgason, S, Bjornsson, B, Jorgensen, TO and Pilstrom, L 1999. Humoral immune parameters in Atlantic cod (Gadus marhua L.) 1. The effects of environmental temperature. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 122B, 173–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panigrahi, A, Kiron, V, Satoh, SI, Hirono, I, Kobayashi, T, Sugita, H, Puangkaew, J and Aoki, T 2007. Immune modulation and expression of cytokine genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss upon probiotic feeding. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 31, 372–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, EH and Li, MH 2002. Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus . In Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture (ed. CD Webster and CE Lim), pp. 293–318. CABI Publishing, New York, NY, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sargent, JR, Henderson, RJ and Tocher, DR 2002. The lipids. In Fish nutrition, 3rd edition (ed. JE Halver and RW Hardy), pp. 181–257. Academic Press, SanDiego, CA, USA.Google Scholar
Satoh, S, Poe, WE and Wilson, RP 1989. Effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on weight gain and liver polar lipid fatty acid composition of fingerling channel catfish. Journal of Nutrition 119, 23–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savolainen, LC and Gatlin, DM III 2009. Evaluation of dairy–yeast prebiotic supplementation in the diet of juvenile goldfish in the presence or absence of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 21, 156–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sealey, WM, Barrows, FT, Johansen, KA, Overturf, K, LaPatra, SE and Hardy, RW 2007. Evaluation of the ability of partially autolyzed brewer’s yeast and grobiotic-A to improve disease resistance in rainbow trout. North American Journal of Aquaculture 69, 400–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheldon, WM Jr and Blazer, VS 1991. Influence of dietary lipid and temperature on bactericidal activity of channel catfish macrophages. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 3, 87–93.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suja, B, Lochmann, R, Sink, T, Phillips, H and Chen, R 2012. Effect of diets supplemented with soybean, flaxseed, or menhaden fish oil on the growth, feed utilization, immune status, and sensory properties of channel catfish in a recirculating system at 22°C. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 24, 16–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, M 2009. The effects of a dairy/yeast prebiotic, lipid source, and temperature on the growth and health of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Thesis MS, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, USA.Google Scholar
Tort, L, Gomez, E, Montero, D and Sunyer, JO 1996. Serum hemolytic and agglutinating activity as indicators of fish immunocompetence: their suitability in stress and dietary studies. Aquaculture International 4, 31–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vos, AP, M’Rabet, L, Stah, B, Boehm, G and Garssen, J 2007. Immune-modulatory effects and potential working mechanisms of orally applied non-digestible carbohydrates. Critical Reviews in Immunology 27, 97–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar