Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-24hb2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T09:00:11.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Rice polishings as an alternative to sugar cane molasses as a supplement with urea to low-quality forage diets for ruminants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

D. Cardenas Garcia
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Aberdeen, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB9 1UD
C. J. Newbold
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB1 9SB
H. Galbraith
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Aberdeen, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB9 1UD
J. H. Topps
Affiliation:
Scottish Agricultural College, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB9 1UD
X. B. Chen
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB1 9SB
J. A. Rooke
Affiliation:
Scottish Agricultural College, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB9 1UD
Get access

Abstract

The effect of including 14 g urea with either 75 g dry matter (DM) from sugar cane molasses (UM) or Colombian rice polishings (RP) at three levels, 68 (RP1), 137 (RP2) or 203 (RP3) g DM on grass hay DM intake and on rumen fermentation was investigated. An incomplete Latin-square design was used and each experimental period was divided into 12 days for adaptation to each diet followed by 9 days in metabolism cages when all measurements were made using five adult sheep.

Pooled mean values for rumen metabolites (five samples per day) were calculated. Rumen pH was not affected by the nature of the supplements. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) (UM 92·8, RP1 84·2, RP2 86·4, and RP3 84·0 (s.e.d. 3·4) mmol/l) and lactate (UM 2·0, RP1 1/6, RP2 1/7, RP3 1/8 (s.e.d. 0·014) mmol/l) (UM v. RP, P < 0·05 and P < 0·10 respectively) were lower when RP were given, while concentration of branched and longer chain VFA (26·5, 34·0, 31·1 and 33·5 (s.e.d. 1·6) mmol/mol total VFA, UM v. RP, P < 0·01) and ammonia (98, 131, 141, 137 (s.e.d. 16·1) mg/l, UM v. RP, P < 0·05) were increased. Numbers of rumen protozoa (1·6, 3·2, 2·7, 3·3 (s.e.d. 0·75) × 105 per ml, UM v. RP, P < 0·20) tended to be higher 2 h after feeding when RP rather than UM were given. However, hay DM intake (1050, 960, 960, 880 (s.e.d. 45·3) g/day, UM v. RP, P < 0·05), and microbial protein supply (11·7, 9·3,11·1,10·8 (s.e.d. 0·59) g N per day, UM v. RP, P < 0·05), estimated from urinary purine excretion were reduced by feeding RP instead of UM.

At the levels of inclusion tested RP did not increase the efficiency of rumen fermentation and were not as effective a supplement with urea as was molasses for a low-quality forage diet.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council. 1984. The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1984. Official methods of analysis.4th ed.Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.Google Scholar
Belyea, R. L., Steevens, B. J., Restrepo, R. J., and Clubb, A. P. 1989. Variation in composition of by-product feeds. journal of Dairy Science 72: 23392345.Google Scholar
Cardenas Garcia, D., Newbold, C. J., Galbraith, H. and Topps, J. H. 1992. The effect of including Colombian rice polishings in the diet on rumen fermentation in vitro. Animal Production 54: 275280.Google Scholar
Chamberlain, D. G., Thomas, P. C., Wilson, W., Newbold, C. J. and Macdonald, J. C. 1985. The effects of carbohydrate supplements on ruminal concentrations of ammonia in animals given diets of grass silage. Journal of Agriculture Science, Cambridge 104: 331340.Google Scholar
Chen, X. B. 1989. Excretion of purine derivatives by sheep and cattle and its use for the estimation of absorbed microbial protein. Ph.D Thesis, University of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Chen, X. B., Hovell, F. D. DeB., ørskov, E. R. and Brown, D. S. 1990. Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply on purine derivative excretion by sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 63: 131142.Google Scholar
Chen, X. B., Mathieson, J., Hovell, F. D. DeB. and Reeds, P. J. 1990. Measurement of purine derivatives in urine of ruminants using automated methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 53: 2333.Google Scholar
Chen, X. B., Ørskov, E. R. and Hovell, F. D. DeB. 1991. The use of intragastric infusion in studies on excretion of purine derivatives as a measure of microbial protein supply in ruminants. Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on protein metabolism and nutrition, vol. 2, pp. 6770.Google Scholar
Coleman, G. S. 1980. Rumen ciliate protozoa. In Advances in parasitology, vol. 18 (ed. Lumsden, W. H. R., Muller, R., and Baker, J. R.), pp. 121170. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. and Lewis, D. 1974. Fat in ruminant diets: review. Indian Journal of Animal Science 44: 917938.Google Scholar
El Hag, G. A. and Miller, T. B. 1972. Evaluation of whisky distillery by-products. VI. The reduction in digestibility of malt distiller's grains by fatty acids and the interaction with calcium and other reversal agents, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 23: 247258.Google Scholar
Elliott, R., Ferreiro, H. M., Priego, A. and Preston, T. R. 1978a. Rice polishings as a supplement in sugar cane diets: The quantities of starch (&-linked glucose polymers) entering the proximal duodenum. Tropical Animal Production 3: 3035.Google Scholar
Elliott, R., Ferreiro, H. M. and Priego, A. 1978b. An estimate of the quantity of feed protein escaping degradation in the rumen of steers fed chopped sugar cane, molasses/urea supplemented with varying quantities of rice polishings. Tropical Animal Production 3: 3639.Google Scholar
Ferreiro, H. M., Elliott, R. and Preston, T. R. 1979a. The effect of energy rich feed supplements on the availability of nutrients in the duodenum of cattle fed sugar cane. Tropical Animal Production 4: 248254.Google Scholar
Ferreiro, H. M., Priego, A., Lopez, J., Preston, T. R. and Leng, R. A. 1979b. Glucose metabolism in cattle given sugar cane based diets supplemented with varying quantities of rice polishings. British Journal of Nutrition 42: 341347.Google Scholar
Frumholtz, P. P., Newbold, C. J. and Wallace, R. J. 1989. Influence of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the fermentation of a basal ration in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Journal of Agriculture Science, Cambridge 113: 169172.Google Scholar
Harfoot, C. G., Crouchman, M. L., Noble, R. C. and Moore, J. H. 1974. Competition between food particles and rumen bacteria in the uptake of long chain fatty acids and triglycerides. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 37: 633641.Google Scholar
Lawes Agricultural Trust. 1987. Genstat V, mark 4.04 B. Rothamstead Experimental Station, Herpenden.Google Scholar
Leng, R. A. 1988. Consultancy on animal nutrition. Report to the International American Institute for co-operation agriculture (IICA). University of New England, Armidale, Australia.Google Scholar
Lopez, R. A., Preston, T. R., Sutherland, T. M. and Wilson, A. 1976. Rice polishings as a supplement in sugar cane diets: effect of level of rice polishings on wet and dry season conditions. Tropical Animal Production 1: 164171.Google Scholar
Lopez, J. M. and Preston, T. R. 1977. Rice polishings as a supplement in sugar diets for fattening cattle: effect of different combinations with blood meal. Tropical Animal Production 2: 143147.Google Scholar
Mann, S. O. 1968. An improved method for determining cellulolytic activity in anaerobic bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 31: 241244.Google Scholar
Mehrez, A. Z. and Ørskov, E. R. 1977. A study of the artificial fibre bag technique for determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 88: 645650.Google Scholar
Moran, J. B. 1983. Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia. 1. Feed intake, utilization and growth rates. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 100: 709716.Google Scholar
Mosley, G. and Ramanathan, V. 1989. The effect of dry feed additives on the nutritive value of silage. Grass and Forage Science 44: 391397.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92: 499503.Google Scholar
Preston, T. R., Carcano, C., Alvarez, F. J. and Gutierrez, D. G. 1976. Rice polishings as a supplement in a sugar cane diet; effect of the level of rice polishings and of processing the sugar cane by derinding or chopping. Tropical Animal Production 1: 150162.Google Scholar
Preston, T. R. and Leng, R. A. 1987. Matching ruminant production systems with available resources in the tropics and sub-tropics. Penambul Books, Armidale, Australia.Google Scholar
Rathee, C. S. and Lohan, O. P. 1988. Effect of oil extraction techniques on the nutritive value of deoiled rice bran. Indian Journal of Animal Science 58: 823829.Google Scholar
Ridgman, W. J. 1975. Use of orthogonal polynomials, interactions and regression. In Experimentation in biology: an introduction to design and analysis, pp. 101129. Blackie, Glasgow.Google Scholar
Valdez, R. E., Alvarez, F. J., Ferreiro, H. M., Guerra, F., Lopez, J., Priego, A., Blackburn, T. H., Leng, R. A. and Preston, T. R. 1977. Rumen function in cattle given sugar cane. Tropical Animal Production 2: 260272.Google Scholar
Waldo, D. R. and Tyrrell, H. F. 1980. The relation of insoluble nitrogen intake to gain, energy retention and nitrogen retention in Holstein steers. InProtein metabolism and nutrition (ed. Oslage, H. J. and Rohr, K.), European Association for Animal Production publication no. 27, pp. 572577.Google Scholar
Warren, B. E. and Farrell, D. J. 1990. The nutritive value of full-fat and defatted Australian rice bran. I. Chemical composition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 27: 219228.Google Scholar