Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-tn8tq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T21:58:00.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of the nature of dietary fibre on digestive utilization, some metabolite and hormone profiles and the behaviour of pregnant sows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

Y. Ramonet ,
S. Robert ,
A. Aumaître ,
J.Y. Dourmad  and
M.C. Meunier-Salaün
Y. Ramonet
Affiliation:
INRA, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 St-Gilles, France
S. Robert
Affiliation:
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Cananda, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada J1M 1Z3
A. Aumaître
Affiliation:
INRA, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 St-Gilles, France
J.Y. Dourmad
Affiliation:
INRA, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 St-Gilles, France
M.C. Meunier-Salaün*
Affiliation:
INRA, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 St-Gilles, France
*
† To whom correspondence should be addressed
Get access

Abstract

Three diets were formulated according to the nature of the fibrous components: a concentrate low fibre diet enriched in starch (diet S, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) proportionately 0·078 of dry matter (DM)) and two high-fibre diets enriched in either sugar-beet pulp (diet BP, NDF = 0·219 of DM) or wheat bran (diet WB, NDF = 0·187 of DM). In a first experiment, the digestibility of nutrients in these diets were determined using dry sows. In a second experiment, 24 multiparous Large White sows were offered the experimental diets in a 3 x 3 Latin-square design during three 21-day periods over pregnancy in order to evaluate physiological and behavioural effects over the nycthemeral period. On the basis of the first experiment, the daily food supply was adjusted to 2·44, 2·74 and 2-90 kg/day for diets S, BP and WB, respectively, to provide the same amount of metabolizable energy to each treatment. In the hour prior to the meal, the diet effect was nil on plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon and non-esterified fatty acid and limited on cortisol plasma level. After the food delivery, the peak responses of glucose and insulin to the meal were delayed in sows given the BP diet, while their level showed a higher increase for S than for WB and BP diets. Sows offered diet BP spent less time standing than sows offered diet S. The occurrence of non-feeding oral activities over the 45 min following food distribution was significantly reduced with fibrous diets. But no difference appeared during the 45-min period following the end of each meal. It was concluded that the incorporation of beet pulp in the diet was more effective than wheat bran in extending the feeding activity and the absorption of nutrients. The diet effect was limited to the 2 h after the food delivery for these sows given a restricted amount of food.

Keywords

behaviourfibrenutritionphysiologysows
Type
Non-ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Information
Animal Science , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , April 2000 , pp. 275 - 286
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmed, M., Nuttall, F.Q., Gannon, M.C. and Lamusga, R. F. 1980. Plasma glucagon and alpha-amino acid nitrogen response to various diets in normal humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33:1917–1924.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington. VA.Google Scholar
Atinmo, T., Pond, W.G. and Barnes, R.H. 1974. Effect of dietary energy vs. protein restriction on blood constituents and reproductive performance in swine. Journal of Nutrition 104:1033–1040.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K.E. and Hansen, I. 1991. Gastrointestinal implications in pigs of wheat and oat fractions. 1. Digestibility and bulking properties of polysaccharides and other major constituents. British Journal of Nutrition 65: 217–232.Google Scholar
Brand, H. van den, Soede, N. M., Schrama, J. W. and Kemp, B. 1998. Effects of dietary energy source on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in gilts. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 79: 27–32.Google Scholar
Brouns, F., Edwards, S.A. and English, P.R. 1994a. Effect of dietary fibre and feeding system on activity and oral behaviour of group housed gilts. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 39: 215–223.Google Scholar
Brouns, F. Edwards, S. A. and English, P. R. 1994b. Metabolic effects of fibrous ingredients in pig diets. Animal Production 58: 467 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Brouns, F., Edwards, S.A. and English, P R. 1995. Influence of fibrous feed ingredients on voluntary intake of dry sows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 54: 301–313.Google Scholar
Brouns, F., Edwards, S. A. and English, P. R. 1997. The effect of dietary inclusion of sugar-beet pulp on the feeding behaviour of dry sows. Animal Science 65:129–133.Google Scholar
Cariolet, R. and Dantzer, R. 1984. Motor activity of pregnant tethered sows. Annales de Recherches Vétérinaires 15:257–261.Google ScholarPubMed
Chabeauti, E. 1991. Digestion sectorielle des constituants pariétaux chez le porc: évaluation par différentes procédures chirurgicales et analytiques. Thesis, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.Google Scholar
Chabeauti, E., Noblet, J. and Carré, B. 1991. Digestion or plant cell walls from four different sources in growing pigs. Anima! Feed Science and Technology 32: 207–213.Google Scholar
Cherbut, C. 1995. Role of gastrointestinal motility in the delay of absorption by dietary fibre. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49:S74–S80.Google Scholar
Day, J. E. L., Kyriazakis, I. and Lawrence, A. B. 1996. The use of a second-order schedule to assess the effect of food bulk on the feeding motivation of growing pigs. Animal Science 63: 447–455.Google Scholar
Day, J. E. L., Kyriazakis, I. and Rogers, P. J. 1997. Feeding motivation in animals and humans: a comparative review of its measurement and uses. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews. Series B 67: 69–79.Google Scholar
Dourmad, J. Y., Etienne, M., Prunier, A. and Noblet, J. 1994. The effect of energy and protein intake of sows on their longevity: a review. Livestock Production Science 40: 87–97.Google Scholar
Ekkel, E.D., Dieleman, S.J., Schouten, W., Portela, A., Cornelissen, G., Tielen, M. J. M. and Halberg, F. 1996. The circadian rhythm of cortisol in the saliva of young pigs. Physiology and Behavior 60: 985–989.Google Scholar
Etienne, M., Père, M.C. and Dourmad, J.Y. 1997. Adaptations dû métabolisme glucidique chez la truie multipare. Effets de la gestation et du niveau d’alimentation. Journées de la Recherche Porcine en France 29: 73–80.Google Scholar
Giusi-Perier, A., Fiszlewicz, M. and Rérat, A. 1989. Influence of diet composition on intestinal volatile fatty acid and nutrient absorption in unanesthetized pigs. Journal of Animal Science 67: 386–402.Google Scholar
Graham, H., Hesselman, K. and Åman, P. 1986. The influence of wheat bran and sugar-beet pulp on the digestibility tof dietary components in a cereal-based pig diet. Journal of Nutrition 116: 242–251.Google Scholar
Hay, M., Meunier-Salaiin, M.C., Brulaud, F., Monnier, M., Edwards, S.A. and Mormède, P. 2000. Assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system activity in pregnant sows through the measurement of glucocorticoids and catecholamines in urine. Journal Animal Science In press.Google Scholar
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. 1989. L’alimentation des animaux monogastriques: porc, lapin, volailles. 2nd edition. INRA, Paris.Google Scholar
Johansen, H. N., Knudsen, K.E., Sandstrom, C., and Skjoth, F. 1996. Effects of varying content of soluble dietary fibre from wheat flour and oat milling fractions on gastric emptying in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 75: 339–351.Google Scholar
Kemp, B., Soede, N.M., Helmond, F.A. and Bosch, M. W. 1995. Effects of energy source in the diet on reproductive hormones and insulin during lactation and subsequent estrus in multiparous sows. Journal of Animal Science 73: 3022–3029.Google Scholar
Lavin, J.H., Wittert, G., Sun, W. M., Horowitz, M., Morley, J. E. and Read, N. W. 1996. Appetite regulation by carbohydrate: role of blood glucose and gastrointestinal hormones. American journal of Physiology 271: E209–E214.Google Scholar
Lawrence, A.B., Appleby, M.C. and Macleod, H. A. 1988. Measuring hunger in the pig using opérant conditioning: the effect of food restriction. Animal Production 47: 131–137.Google Scholar
Lawrence, A. B. and Terlouw, E. M.C. 1993. A review of behavioral factors involved in the development and continued performance of stereotypie behaviors in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2815–2825.Google Scholar
Malmlof, K., Nunes, C. S. and Askbrant, S. 1989. Effects of guar gum on plasma urea, insulin and glucose in the growing pig. British Journal of Nutrition 61: 67–73.Google Scholar
Martin, J.E. and Edwards, S. A. 1994. Feeding behaviour of outdoor sows: the effects of diet quantity and type. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 41: 63–74.Google Scholar
Messias de Bragança, M. and Prunier, A. 1999. Effects of low feed intake and hot environment on plasma profiles of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, and IGF-1 in lactating sows. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 16: 89–101.Google Scholar
Meunier-Salaiin, M.C., Monnier, M., Colleaux, Y., Sève, B. and Henry, Y. 1991. Impact of dietary tryptophan and behavioral type on behavior, plasma cortisol, and brain metabolites of young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 69: 3689–3698.Google Scholar
Michel, P. and Rérat, A. 1998. Effect of adding sugar beet fibre and wheat bran to a starch diet on the absorption kinetics of glucose, amino-nitrogen and volatile fatty acids in the pig. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 38: 49–68.Google Scholar
Neil, M. 1996. Ad libitum lactation feeding of sows introduced immediately before, at, or after farrowing. Animal Science 63: 497–505.Google Scholar
Noblet, J., Close, W.H., Heavens, R.P. and Brown, D. 1985. Studies on the energy metabolism of the pregnant sow. 1. Uterus and mammary tissue development. British Journal of Nutrition 53: 251–265.Google Scholar
Noblet, J., Dourmad, J.Y. and Etienne, M. 1990. Energy utilization in pregnant and lactating sows: modeling of energy requirements. Journal of Animal Science 68: 562–572.Google Scholar
Noblet, J. and Shi, X. S. 1993. Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in growing pigs fed ad libitum and adult sows fed at maintenance. Livestock Production Science 34: 137–152.Google Scholar
Nunes, C. S. and Malmlof, K. 1992. Effects of guar gum and cellulose on glucose absorption, hormonal release and hepatic metabolism in the pig. British Journal of Nutrition 68: 693–700.Google Scholar
Prunier, A., Chopineau, M., Mounier, A.M. and Mormède, P. 1993a. Patterns of plasma LH, FSH, oestradiol and corticosteroids from birth to the first oestrous cycle in Meishan gilts. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 98: 313–319.Google Scholar
Prunier, A., Dourmad, J.Y. and Etienne, M. 1993b. Feeding level, metabolic parameters and reproductive performance of primiparous sows. Livestock Production Science 37: 185–196.Google Scholar
Prunier, A., Martin, C., Mounier, A. M. and Bonneau, M. 1993c. Metabolic and endocrine changes associated with undernutrition in the peripubertal gilt. Journal of Animal Science 71: 1887–1894.Google Scholar
Quesnel, H., Pasquier, A., Mounier, A.M., Louveau, I. and Prunier, A. 1998. Influence of feed restriction in primiparous lactating sows on body condition and metabolic parameters. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 38: 261–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, A.L. and Low, A. G. 1986. Effect of various types of dietary fibre on gastric emptying in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55: 111–121.Google Scholar
Ramonet, Y., Bolduc, J., Bergeron, R., Robert, S. and Meunier-Salaün, M.C. 2000. Feeding motivation in pregnant sows: effects of fibrous diets in an opérant conditioning procedure. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 66: 21–29.Google Scholar
Ramonet, Y., Meunier-Salaün, M.C. and Dourmad, J. Y. 1999. High fiber diets in pregnant sows: digestive utilization and effects on the behavior of the animals. Journal of Animal Science 77: 591–599.Google Scholar
Robert, S., Matte, J. J., Farmer, C., Girard, C. L. and Martineau, G. P. 1993. High-fibre diets for sows: effects on stereotypies and adjunctive drinking. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 37: 297–309.Google Scholar
Robert, S., Rushen, J. and Farmer, C. 1997. Both energy content and bulk of feed affect stereotypie behaviour, heart rate and feeding motivation of female pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 54: 161–171.Google Scholar
Robertson, J. A. 1998. Summary of the conclusions of the working group on hydratation properties of fibre and resistant starch. In Functional properties of non-digestible carbohydrates (ed. Guillon, F., Amado, R., Amaral-collaco, M.T., Andersson, H., Asp, N.G., Bach Knudsen, K.E., Champ, M., Mathers, J., Robertson, J.A., Rowland, I. and Loo, J. van), p. 11. INRA Publisher, Nantes.Google Scholar
Rushen, J. 1984. Stereotyped behaviour, adjunctive drinking and the feeding periods of tethered sows. Animal Behaviour 32: 1059–1067.Google Scholar
Rushen, J. 1991. Problems associated with the interpretation of physiological data in the assessment of animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 28: 381–386.Google Scholar
Rushen, J., Robert, S. and Farmer, C. 1999. Effects of an oat-based high-fibre diet on insulin, glucose, cortisol and free fatty acid concentrations in gilts. Animal Science 69: 395–401.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1989. User’s guide, version 6., SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Schrama, J. W., Bosch, M. W., Verstegen, M. W. A., Vorselaars, A. H. P. M., Haaksma, J. and Heetkamp, M. J. W. 1998. The energetic value of nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to physical activity in group-housed, growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 76: 3016–3023.Google Scholar
Shi, X. S. and Noblet, J. 1993. Digestible and metabolizable energy values of ten feed ingredients in growing pigs fed ad libitum and sows fed at maintenance level; comparative contribution of the hindgut. Animal Feed Science and Technology 42: 223–236.Google Scholar
Spoolder, H. A. M., Burbidge, J. A., Edwards, S. A., Simmins, P. H. and Lawrence, A. B. 1996. Effects of food level and straw bedding during pregnancy on sow performance and responses to an ACTH challenge. Livestock Production Science 47: 51–57.Google Scholar
Stanogias, G. and Pearce, G. R. 1985. The digestion of fibre by pigs. 3. Effects of the amount and type of fibre on physical characteristics of segments of the gastrointestinal tract. British Journal of Nutrition 53: 537–548.Google Scholar
Terlouw, E. M., Lawrence, A. B. and Illius, A. W. 1991. Relationship between agonistic behaviour and propensity to develop excessive drinking and chain manipulation in pigs. Physiology and Behaviour 50: 493–498.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. and Lewis, B. A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non strach polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Westphal, S. A., Gannon, M.C. and Nuttall, F.Q. 1990. Metabolic response to glucose ingested with various amounts of protein. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52: 267–272.Google Scholar
Whipp, S.C., Wood, R. L. and Lyon, N. C. 1970. Diurnal pattern of hydrocortisone in plasma of swine. American Journal of Veterinary Research 31: 2105–2107.Google Scholar