Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T00:49:11.129Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of short-term exposure to high ambient temperatures on gas exchange and heat production in boars of different breeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

A.-H. Tauson ,
A. Chwalibog ,
J. Ludvigsen ,
K. Jakobsen  and
G. Thorbek
A.-H. Tauson
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Animal Health, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Bülowsvej 13, DK–1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
A. Chwalibog
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Animal Health, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Bülowsvej 13, DK–1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
J. Ludvigsen
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Science, Rolighedsvej 25, DK–1958 Copenhagen V, Denmark
K. Jakobsen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition, Danish Institute of Animal Science, Research Centre Foulum, Box 39, DK–8830 Tjele, Denmark
G. Thorbek
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Science, Rolighedsvej 25, DK–1958 Copenhagen V, Denmark
Get access

Abstract

The effects of short-term exposure to high ambient temperatures on gas exchange, heat production (HE), respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature were evaluated individually with boars of approximately 100 kg live weight. The boars were of different breeds with four of Yorkshire (YS), eight of Danish Landrace (DL), out of which three were found stress susceptible by the halothane test (DLH+), eight of Duroc (DR) and eight of Hampshire (HS) breeds. After 1 h rest in the respiration chamber at 17·0°C the gas exchange measurements started with al-h basal period at 17 °C, followed by 2h of heating during which temperature increased to 35·0 °C (period I) and then further to 39·7X1 (period II). Then cooling of the chamber started, and after 1 h (period III) temperature had decreased to 21·8°C, and after the 2nd h of cooling (period IV) temperature was 18·2 °C. The gas exchange was measured for each hour from 09.00 h (basal period) until 14.00 h (period IV). RR was recorded every 15 min. Rectal temperatures were measured when the animals were removed from the chamber. The gas exchange and HE increased slowly during period I but rapidly in period II, followed by decreasing values in the cooling periods. HS and DLH+ had considerably higher gas exchange and HE than other breeds in these two periods and the values remained high during period III. In period IV all breeds had gas exchange rates and HE below those of the basal period. RR increased slightly in period I and then a sharp increase followed during period II. Maximum RR was recorded in period III with an average of 183 breaths per min for all breeds. RR increased earlier and more steeply in HS and reached the highest mean value of 236 breaths per min. Four HS boars salivated heavily during heat stress and rectal temperatures of these animals were 39·7 °C when removed from the chamber compared with close to 39·0 °C for all other breeds. It was concluded that there were considerable breed differences in response to heat stress and that DLH+ and HS were more severely stressed than boars ofYS, DL and DR.

Keywords

boarsbreedgas exchangeheat exchangetemperature
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 66 , Issue 2 , April 1998 , pp. 431 - 440
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersson, B. E. and Jónasson, H. 1993. Temperature regulation and environmental physiology. In Dukes, physiology of domestic animals, 11th edition (ed. Swenson, M. J. and Reece, W. O.), pp. 886–895. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London.Google Scholar
Black, J. L., Campbell, R. G., Williams, I. H., James, K. J. and Davies, G. T. 1986. Simulation of energy and amino acid utilisation in the pig Research and Development Agriculture 3:121–145.Google Scholar
Brouwer, E. 1965. Report of sub-committee on constants and factors. Proceedings of the third symposium on energy metabolism. European Association of Animal Production publication no. 11, pp. 441–443.Google Scholar
Bruce, J. M. and Clark, J. J. 1979. Models of heat production and critical temperature for growing pigs Animal Production 28:353–369.Google Scholar
Chwalibog, A., Jakobsen, K., Henckel, S. and Thorbek, G. 1992. Estimation of quantitative oxidation and fat retention from carbohydrate, protein and fat in growing pigs Journal ofAnimal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 68:123–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Close, W. H. and Mount, L. E. 1976. The influence of plane of nutrition and environmental temperature on heat loss and energy retention in the pig. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 35: 60A–61A.Google ScholarPubMed
D'Allaire, S. and DeRoth, L. 1986. Physiological responses to treadmill exercise and ambient temperature in normal and malignant hyperthermia susceptible pigs Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 50: 78–83.Google ScholarPubMed
Eikelenboom, G. and Minkema, D. 1974. Prediction of pale, soft, exudative muscle with a non-lethal test for the halothane-induced porcine malignant hyperthermia syndrome Netherlands Journal of Veterinary Science 99: 421–426.Google Scholar
Feddes, J. J. R. and DeShazer, J. A. 1987. Using effective environmental temperatures as a basis for predicting heat production and energy retention in growing-finishing pigs. Proceedings of the 10th symposium on energy metabolism. European Association of Animal Production publication no. pp. 214–217.Google Scholar
Fuller, M. F. and Boyne, A. W. 1972. The effects of environmental temperature on the growth and metabolism of pigs given different amounts of food. 2. Energy metabolism. British Journal ofNutrition 28: 373–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giles, L. R. and Black, J. L. 1991. Voluntary food intake in growing pigs at ambient temperatures above the zone of thermal comfort. In Manipulating pig production (ed. Batterham, E. S.), pp. 162–166. Australasian Pig Science Association, Attwood, Victoria, Australia.Google Scholar
Giles, L. R., Black, J. L., Gooden, J. M. and Annison, E. F. 1991. Energy expenditure of growing pigs maintained at high ambient temperature. Proceedings of the 12th symposium on energy metabolism. European Association of Animal Production publication no. 58, pp. 52–55.Google Scholar
Henckel, P., Jørgensen, P. F. and Jensen, P. 1992. Glycogen content, buffering capacity and resting pH in live muscles of pigs of different halothane genotypes (a pilot project). Meat Science 32:131–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingram, D. L. 1964. The effect of environmental temperature on heat loss and thermal insulation in the young pig Research in Veterinary Science 5: 357–364.Google Scholar
Ingram, D. L. 1974. Heat loss and its control in pigs. In Heat loss from animals and man (ed. Monteith, J. L. and Mount, L. E.), pp. 233–254. Butterworths, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, K., Chwalibog, A., Henckel, S. and Thorbek, G. 1994. Heat production and quantitative oxidation of nutrients by physical activity in pigs Annals ofNutrition and Metabolism 38:1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindholm, A., Persson, S., Jonsson, L. and Andren, H. 1979. Biochemical and histochemical properties and fibre distribution of muscles in trained, untrained and halothane sensitive pigs. Ada Agriculturae Scandinavica 22: (supplement) 357–364.Google Scholar
Mersmann, H. J. 1991. Characteristics of obese and lean swine. In Swine nutrition (ed. Miller, E. R., Ullrey, D. E. and Lewis, A. J.), pp. 75–89. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monin, G. and Sellier, P. 1985. Pork of low technological quality with a normal rate of pH fall in the immediate postmortem period: the case of the Hampshire breed Meat Science 13:49–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørding, H., Hald, A. and Sjøntoft, E. 1985. Malignant hyperthermia triggered by heating in anaesthetized pigs. Ada Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 29: 698–701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, K. and Lee, D. H. K. 1941. Reactions of the pig o t hot atmospheres Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 53:145–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, S. 1949. Physiological adjustments to heat. In Physiology of heat regulation and science of clothing (ed. Newburgh, L.), pp. 193–239. Saunders and Co., London.Google Scholar
Ruckebusch, Y., Phaneuf, L.-P. and Dunlop, R. 1991. Physiology of small and large animals, pp. 387–406. B. C. Decker Inc., Philadelphia, Hamilton.Google Scholar
Sather, A. P., Schaefer, A. L., Tong, A. K. W., Gariépy, C. and Zawadski, S. M. 1990. Muscle and rectal temperature response curves to a short-term halothane challenge in eight-week-old piglets with known genotype at the halothane locus Canadian Journal ofAnimal Science 70: 9–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayre, R. N., Briskey, E. J. and Hoekstra, W. G. 1963. Comparison of muscle characteristics and post-mortem glycolysis in three breeds of swine. Journal of Animal Science 22: 1012–1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1985. SAS user's guide: statistics version 5. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Thorbek, G. 1969. Studies on energy metabolism in growing pigs. I. Construction and function of a new respiration plant for pigs. Reportfrom the National Institute Animal Science, Copenhagen, no. 373.Google Scholar
Vajrabukka, C., Thwaites, C. J. and Farrell, D. J. 1987. Effects of high temperature on digestibility of dietary components and on subsequent heat production of pigs measured at 24°C. Proceedings of the 10th symposium on energy metabolism. European Association of Animal publication no. 32: pp. 198–201.Google Scholar
Verstegen, M. W. A., Brascamp, E. W., Hel, W. van der, Groot, P. N. de and Eikelenboom, G. 1977. Effect of susceptibility of the malignant hyperthermia syndrome (MHS) as detected by halothane on some production and energy balance characteristics in Dutch Landrace pigs. Proceedings of the third international conference on disease in farm animals, Wageningen, The Netherlands, September 1976, pp. 188–192.Google Scholar
Webb, A. J. 1980. The incidence of halothane sensitivity in British pigs Animal Production 34:101–105.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H., Houchins, C. and Shanklin, M. D. 1975. Pigs susceptible to energy metabolism in the fulminant hyperthermia stress syndrome British Medical Journal 3: 411–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed