Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-20T12:21:07.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The degradation of oilseed cakes and their effects on the intake and rumen degradability of maize stover given to Ethiopian Menz sheep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

S. Sibanda ,
P.O. Osuji  and
I. V. Nsahlai
S. Sibanda
Affiliation:
International Livestock Centre for Africa, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethopia
P.O. Osuji
Affiliation:
International Livestock Centre for Africa, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethopia
I. V. Nsahlai
Affiliation:
International Livestock Centre for Africa, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethopia
Get access

Abstract

Six rumen cannulated sheep (26·1 (s.d. 2·24) kg live weight) given maize stover ad libitum were supplemented with either sunflower (Helianthus annus) cake (SFC), decorticated cottonseed (CSC) or noug (Guizotia abyssinica) cakes (NGC) with or without crushed maize grain. The 6×6 Latin-square experiment studied the degradation properties of the oilseed cakes and their effects and that of maize on the degradation of maize, maize stover and the composite diet.

Seedcakes differed in the degradability characteristics of dry matter and nitrogen: intercept (a) (P < 0·001); potentially degradable fraction (b) (P < 0·001); rate of degradation (c) (P < 0·001); and the effective degradability (P < 0·0001). The pooled sum of the degradabilities of the individual ingredients were significantly lower than that of mixed ingredients (composite diet) (P < 0·001).

The main effects of protein and maize were not significant on the degradation of maize stover. Maize had the tendency to depress the rates of degradation of stover by 0·52 with SFC.

Although the protein × maize interaction was not significant on maize stover degradability, it is important to note that maize had the effect of increasing stover degradation rate with CSC and NGC, but a depressing effect with SFC. Hence it was concluded that the carbohydrate effect on roughage degradation rate may vary as a function of the difference between the degradation rate of the energy and protein supplements.

Keywords

degradationfood intakemaize stoveroilseed cakessheep
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , December 1993 , pp. 421 - 428
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aboud, A. A. O., Owen, E., Reed, J. D. and McAllan, A. B. 1990. Feeding sorghum stover to Ethiopian sheep: effect of stover variety and amount offered on growth, intake and selection. Animal Production 50: 593A (abstr.).Google Scholar
Alawa, J. P., Fishwick, G., Parkins, J. J., Hemingway, R. G. and Aitchison, T. C. 1986. Influence of energy source and dietary protein degradability on the voluntary intake and digestibility of barley straw by pregnant beef cows. Animal Production 43: 201–209.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1980. Official methods of analysis. 13th ed. AOAC, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Blackburn, T. H. 1965. Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. In Physiology of digestion in the ruminant (ed. Dougherty, R. W.), pp. 322–334. Butterworth, Washington.Google Scholar
Butler, L. G., King, W. R. and McDonald, C. L. 1987. Growth of young Merino sheep grazing cereal stubbles and supplemented ad libitum with oats, of different crude protein contents sprayed with various amounts of urea. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27: 339–342.Google Scholar
Egan, A. R. and Moir, R. J. 1965. Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. 1. Effect of duodenally infused single dose of casein, urea and propionate upon voluntary intake of low protein roughage by sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 16: 437–449.Google Scholar
El-Shazly, K., Dehority, B. A. and Johnson, R. R. 1961. Effect of starch on the digestion of cellulose in vitro and in vivo by rumen microorganisms. Journal of Animal Science 20: 268–273.Google Scholar
Fahmy, S. T. M., Lee, N. H. and Ørskov, E. R. 1984. Digestion and utilization of straw. 2. Effect of different supplements on the digestion of ammonia-treated straw. Animal Production 38: 75–81.Google Scholar
Falvey, J. L. 1982. The effect of infrequent administration of urea on rumen ammonia and serum level of cattle consuming rice straw. Tropical Animal Production 7: 209–212.Google Scholar
Firkins, J. L., Breger, L. L., Merchen, N. R. and Fahey, G. C. 1986. Effect of forage particle size, level of feed intake and supplemental protein degradability on microbial protein synthesis, site of nutrient digestion in steers. Journal of Animal Science 64: 1081–1094.Google Scholar
Grovum, W. L. and Williams, V. J. 1973. Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 4. Passage of marker through the alimentary tract and the biological relevance of rate constants derived from the changes in concentration of marker in faeces. British Journal of Nutrition 30: 313–329.Google Scholar
International Livestock Centre for Africa. 1990. Evaluation of feeds for use in feeding systems for small ruminants. Annual program report, pp. 74–75.Google Scholar
Kempton, J. J. and Leng, R. A. 1979. Protein nutrition of growing lambs. 1. Response in growth and rumen functions of supplementation of a low-protein-cellulosic diet with either urea, casein or formaldehyde-treated casein. British Journal of Nutrition 42: 289–302.Google Scholar
McAllan, A. B. and Griffith, E. S. 1987. The effects of different sources of nitrogen supplementation on the digestion of fibre components in the rumen of steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 17: 65–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehrez, A. Z. and Ørskov, E. R. 1977. A study of the artificial fibre bag technique for determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 88: 645–650.Google Scholar
Mehrez, A. Z., Ørskov, E. R. and Mcdonald, I. 1977. Rates of rumen fermentation in relation to ammonia concentration. British Journal of Nutrition 36: 437–443.Google Scholar
Merry, R. J., Smith, R. H. and McAllan, A. B. 1984. Effects of different dietary nitrogen supplements on rumen fermentation. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65: suppl., pp. 56–57.Google Scholar
Mould, F. L., Ørskov, E. R. and Mann, S. O. 1983/1984. Associative effects of mixed feeds. 1. Effects of type and level of supplementation and the influence of the rumen fluid pH on cellulolysis in vivo and dry matter digestion of various roughages. Animal Feed Science and Technology 10: 15–30.Google Scholar
Nsahlai, I. V. 1991. The effect of quantity and quality of dietary protein upon straw utilization by steers. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading.Google Scholar
Odle, J. and Schaeffer, D. M. 1987. Influence of rumen ammonia concentration on the rumen degradation rates of barley and maize. British Journal of Nutrition 57: 127–138.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. 1982. Protein nutrition in ruminants. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92: 499–503.Google Scholar
Osafo, E. L. K., Owen, E., Said, A. N., Gill, M., McAllan, A. B. and Sherington, J. 1992. Feeding sorghum stover to Ethiopian, yearling cattle: effects of amount of stover offered and cottonseed cake supplement on intake and growth. Animal Production 54: 501A (abstr.).Google Scholar
Pigden, W. J. 1972. Sugar cane as livestock feed. Report to Caribbean Development Bank, Barbados.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1987. SAS/STAT user's guide, release 6.04. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Tan, P. V. 1990. Growth, intake and rumen function in sheep offered alkali-treated straw based diets supplemented with fish meal. PhD. Thesis, Reading University.Google Scholar
Van Niekerk, B. D. H. and Jacobs, J. A. 1985. Protein, energy and phosphorus supplementation of cattle fed low quality forage. South African Journal of Animal Science 15: 133–136.Google Scholar