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Towards an understanding of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium persistence in swine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2017

Sheila K. Patterson ,
Hyeun Bum Kim ,
Klaudyna Borewicz  and
Richard E. Isaacson
Sheila K. Patterson
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Hyeun Bum Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
Klaudyna Borewicz
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
Richard E. Isaacson*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: isaac015@me.com
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Abstract

Salmonella enterica is an important food borne pathogen that is frequently carried by swine. Carrier animals pose a food safety risk because they can transmit S. enterica to finished food products in the processing plant or by contamination of the environment. Environmental contamination has become increasingly important as non-animal foods (plant-based) have been implicated as sources of S. enterica. The prevalence of S. enterica in swine is high and yet carrier animals remain healthy. S. enterica has developed a highly sophisticated set of virulence factors that allow it to adapt to host environments and to cause disease. It is assumed that S. enterica also has developed unique ways to maintain itself in animals and yet not cause disease. Here we describe our research to understand persistence. Specifically, data are presented that demonstrates that detection of most carrier animals requires specific stresses that cause S. enterica to be shed from pigs. As well, we describe a phenotypic phase variation process that appears to be linked to the carrier state and a complex set of factors that control phenotypic phase variation. Finally, we describe how the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome may contribute to persistence and at the least how S. enterica might alter the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome.

Keywords

Salmonellacarrierphase variationtransportation stressvirulencemicrobiomeLawsoniaswine
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , December 2016 , pp. 159 - 168
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

† Current Address: HBK, Department of Animal Resources, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119 Cheonan 330-714, South Korea.
‡ Current Address: KB, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

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