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Immune responses against Marek's disease virus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2010

Payvand Parvizi ,
Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem ,
Kamran Haq ,
Niroshan Thanthrige-Don ,
Karel A. Schat  and
Shayan Sharif
Payvand Parvizi
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
Kamran Haq
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
Niroshan Thanthrige-Don
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
Karel A. Schat
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
Shayan Sharif*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: shayan@uoguelph.ca
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Abstract

It is more than a century since Marek's disease (MD) was first reported in chickens and since then there have been concerted efforts to better understand this disease, its causative agent and various approaches for control of this disease. Recently, there have been several outbreaks of the disease in various regions, due to the evolving nature of MD virus (MDV), which necessitates the implementation of improved prophylactic approaches. It is therefore essential to better understand the interactions between chickens and the virus. The chicken immune system is directly involved in controlling the entry and the spread of the virus. It employs two distinct but interrelated mechanisms to tackle viral invasion. Innate defense mechanisms comprise secretion of soluble factors as well as cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells as the first line of defense. These innate responses provide the adaptive arm of the immune system including antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses to be tailored more specifically against MDV. In addition to the immune system, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the outcome of MDV infection in chickens. This review discusses our current understanding of immune responses elicited against MDV and genetic factors that contribute to the nature of the response.

Keywords

immune responseMarek's diseasevaccinechickensherpesvirusgenetic resistance
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , December 2010 , pp. 123 - 134
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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