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BVDV vaccination in North America: risks versus benefits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2015

Philip J. Griebel
Philip J. Griebel*
Affiliation:
VIDO/Intervac, 120-Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3Canada School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3Canada
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: philip.griebel@usask.ca
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Abstract

The control and prevention of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections has provided substantial challenges. Viral genetic variation, persistent infections, and viral tropism for immune cells have complicated disease control strategies. Vaccination has, however, provided an effective tool to prevent acute systemic infections and increase reproductive efficiency through fetal protection. There has been substantial controversy about the safety and efficacy of BVDV vaccines, especially when comparing killed versus modified-live viral (MLV) vaccines. Furthermore, numerous vaccination protocols have been proposed to protect the fetus and ensure maternal antibody transfer to the calf. These issues have been further complicated by reports of immune suppression during natural infections and following vaccination. While killed BVDV vaccines provide the greatest safety, their limited immunogenicity makes multiple vaccinations necessary. In contrast, MLV BVDV vaccines induce a broader range of immune responses with a longer duration of immunity, but require strategic vaccination to minimize potential risks. Vaccination strategies for breeding females and young calves, in the face of maternal antibody, are discussed. With intranasal vaccination of young calves it is possible to avoid maternal antibody interference and induce immune memory that persists for 6–8 months. Thus, with an integrated vaccination protocol for both breeding cows and calves it is possible to maximize disease protection while minimizing vaccine risks.

Keywords

BVDVkilled vaccinemodified-live vaccinematernal antibodymucosal immunization
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , June 2015 , pp. 27 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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