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Mammary immunity of White Park and Highland cattle compared with Brown Swiss and Red Holstein

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2013

D. Sorg ,
E. Fandrey ,
K. Frölich ,
H.H.D. Meyer  and
H. Kliem
D. Sorg
Affiliation:
Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
E. Fandrey
Affiliation:
Arche Warder, Zentrum für alte Haus- und Nutztierrassen e.V, Warder, Germany
K. Frölich
Affiliation:
Arche Warder, Zentrum für alte Haus- und Nutztierrassen e.V, Warder, Germany
H.H.D. Meyer
Affiliation:
Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
H. Kliem*
Affiliation:
Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany ZIEL – Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
*
Correspondence to: H. Kliem, Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany. email: heike.kliem@wzw.tum.de
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Summary

Mastitis is a frequent disease in modern dairy cows, but ancient cattle breeds seem to be naturally more resistant to it. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells from the ancient Highland and White Park (n = 5) cattle and the modern dairy breeds Brown Swiss and Red Holstein (n = 6) were non-invasively isolated from milk, cultured, and stimulated with the heat-inactivated mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to compare the innate immune response in vitro. With reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the breeds differed in the basal expression of 16 genes. Notably CASP8, CXCL8, Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) expression were higher in the ancient breeds (P < 0.05). In the modern breeds, more genes were regulated after stimulation. Breed differences (P < 0.05) were detected in C3, CASP8, CCL2, CD14, LY96 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) regulation. Principal component analysis separated the ancient from the modern breeds in their basal expression, but not after stimulation. ELISA of lactoferrin and serum amyloid A protein revealed breed differences in control and S. aureus treated levels. The immune reaction of ancient breeds seemed less intensive because of a higher basal expression, which has been shown before to be beneficial for the animal. For the first time, the innate immune response of these ancient breeds was studied. Previous evidence of breed and animal variation in innate immunity was confirmed.

Résumé

La mastite est une maladie fréquente chez les vaches laitières modernes. Or, les races bovines anciennes semblent être naturellement plus résistantes. Dans le présent travail, des cellules primaires bovines épithéliales mammaires des races anciennes Highland et White Park (n = 5), ainsi que des races laitières modernes Brown Swiss et Red Holstein (n = 6) ont été isolées du lait de façon non-invasive. Ensuite, elles ont été cultivées, puis stimulées avec les pathogènes de la mastite Escherichia coli et Staphylocoque doré – tous les deux préalablement inactivés par la chaleur – pour ainsi comparer la réponse immunitaire innée in vitro, utilisant la technique reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Il s'avère que les races diffèrent dans l'expression basale de 16 gènes. Notamment, les expressions de CASP8, CXCL8, TLR2 et TLR4 étaient élevées dans les races anciennes (P < 0.05). Dans les races modernes, c'est le nombre global des gènes régulés après stimulation qui était plus élevé. Des différences entre les races (P < 0.05) ont été détectées quant à la régulation de C3, CASP8, CCL2, CD14, LY96 et TGFβ1. L'analyse des composantes principales a permis de cloisonner les races anciennes des races modernes dans l'expression basale, mais pas après stimulation. Les mesures ELISA de lactoferrin et de sérum amyloïde A protéine ont dévoilé des différences interraciales entre le groupe du contrôle et du groupe Staphylocoque doré. Dans son ensemble, la réaction immunitaire de races anciennes apparaissait moins intensive en fonction d'une expression basale plus grande. Une telle atténuation avait préalablement été décrite comme étant bénéfique pour l'animal. Pour la première fois la réponse immunitaire innée de ces races anciennes a été étudiée ici. De précédentes preuves de la variation interraciale, ainsi qu'inter-animale, ont pu être confirmées par le présent travail.

Resumen

La mastitis es una enfermedad de gran incidencia en ganado bovino moderno destinado a producción lechera. Sin embargo, razas más ancestrales y hoy en día casi en desuso parecen poseer una mayor resistencia natural a esta enfermedad. En el presente estudio se establecieron cultivos celulares de celulas mamarias provenientes de las razas ancestrales Highland y White Park (n = 5) y de las razas modernas Brown Swiss y Red Holstein (n = 6), para después ser infectados con los patógenos Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus. Mediante reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) se pudo determinar que la expresión basal de 16 genes era diferente en las distintas razas. Los genes CASP8, CXCL8, TLR2 y TLR4 demonstran una mayor expresión en las razas ancestrales (P < 0.05). Un mayor número de genes sufría una estimulación de su expresión tras la infección con los patógenos en las razas modernas. Asi mismo fueron encontradas diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) entre razas en la regulación de C3, CASP8, CCL2, CD14, LY96 y TGFβ1. La concentración de las proteínas lactoferrina y serum amyloid A también es diferente en las distintas razas en células control y tratadas con Staphylococcus aureus. La reacción inmune tras infección fue generalmente menos intensa en células provenientes de razas ancestrales, posiblemente debido a una mayor expresión basal en estas razas, un hecho que ha sido demostrado beneficioso para el animal en trabajos previos. En resumen, los datos de este trabajo confirman la hipótesis previa de una mayor inmunidad innata en razas bovinas ancestrales en comparación con las razas modernas empleadas hoy en día.

Keywords

breed comparisonprimary bovine mammary epithelial cellsinnate immune responseancient and modern cattle breedsmastitiscomparaison de racescellules primaires épithéliales mammaires bovinesréponse immunitaire innéeraces bovines anciennes et modernesmastitecomparación de razascélulas primarias epiteliales mamarias bovinasrespuesta inmune innatarazas bovinas antiguas y modernasmastitis
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 52 , June 2013 , pp. 91 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2013 

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Footnotes

†

Prof. Dr H.H.D. Meyer, who supervised this research, passed away before publication of this work.

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