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Genetic diversity and zebu genes introgression in cattle population along the coastal region of the Bight of Benin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

O.D. Koudandé ,
G. Dossou-Gbété ,
F. Mujibi ,
H. Kibogo ,
D. Mburu ,
G.A. Mensah ,
O. Hanotte  and
J.A.M. van Arendonk
O.D. Koudandé
Affiliation:
Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, 01 BP 884, Cotonou, Benin
G. Dossou-Gbété
Affiliation:
Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, 01 BP 884, Cotonou, Benin
F. Mujibi
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute, (ILRI) P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
H. Kibogo
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute, (ILRI) P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
D. Mburu
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute, (ILRI) P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
G.A. Mensah
Affiliation:
Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, 01 BP 884, Cotonou, Benin
O. Hanotte
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute, (ILRI) P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
J.A.M. van Arendonk
Affiliation:
Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Summary

Genetic diversity and Zebu genetic introgression have been assessed in five subpopulations of cattle along the coastal region of Togo, Benin and Nigeria using 15 autosomal and one Y- specific microsatellite markers. Mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.55 to 0.61 and the mean number of alleles (MNA) from 5.47 to 6.47. Genetic differentiation indexes (Fst), were significant between the five subpopulations (P< 0.01). Some possible population diagnostic alleles are identified with allele 254 at locus ILSTS033 and allele 182 at locus ILSTS005 found only in the population from Togo with frequencies of 5.41% and 12.82% respectively. Allele 226 of locus ILSTS103 is fixed in the Togolese population (100%) and almost fixed (98.75%) in the Benin-Valley population. Y chromosome analysis reveals male Zebu introgression in all five populations with a frequency of indicine Y chromosome ranging from 37.5% in Benin-Valley and Benin Plateau East to 100% for Benin Plateau West. Admixture analysis using the programme STRUCTURE (k = 2) confirms phenotypic observations suggesting different level of taurine background and therefore Zebu introgression amongst the populations. Within populations, variations in levels of Zebu admixture between herds were also detected. Whereas the valley population from Benin shows low level of Zebu introgression, it is the population from Benin Plateau East which is the purest.

Résumé

La diversité génétique et l'introgression de gènes de zébu dans la population de bovins le long de la côte du golfe de Guinée allant du Togo au Nigeria ont été évaluées à partir de 15 marqueurs microsatellites autosomes et un marqueur spécifique du chromosome Y. La moyenne des hétérozygotes Ho varie de 0,55 à 0,61 et le nombre moyen d'allèles (NMA) de 5,47 à 6,47. Les indices de différenciation génétique (Fst) sont différents entreles cinq sous populations (P<0,01). Des allèles spécifiques de population sont identifiés aux loci ILSTS033 (allèle 254) et ILSTS005 (allèle182) dans la sous population du Togo avec des fréquences respectives de 5,41 et 12,82%. L'allèle 226 du locus ILSTS103 est totalement (100%) fixé dans la sous population togolaise et presque (98,75%) dans la sous population de la vallée au Bénin. L'évaluation du marqueur spécifique du chromosome Y révèle l'introgression de gènes de zébu dans les cinq sous populations allant de 37,5% dans la vallée du Bénin et sur le Plateau Est à 100% sur le Plateau Ouest. L'analyse de mélange utilisant le programme STRUCTURE (k = 2) confirme les observations phénotypiques concluant à l'introgression de gènes de zébu au sein des populations. Des variations de mélange sont observées entre troupeaux au sein d'une même sous population. Alors que les animaux dans la vallée au Bénin présentent un niveau faible d'introgression de gènes de zébu, c'est la sous population du Plateau Est qui paraît être la plus pure.

Resumen

La diversidad genética y la introgresión de genes de zebú en la población de bovinos a lo largo de la costa del golfo de Guinea que va desde Togo hasta Nigeria han sido evaluados a partir de 15 marcadores microsatelitares autosomos y un marcador específico del cromosoma Y. La media de heterocigosis Ho varía de 0,55 a 0,61 y el número medio de alelos (NMA) de 5,47 a 6,47. Los índices de diferenciación genética (F) son diferentes entre las cinco sub-poblaciones (P<0,01). Han sido identificados alelos específicos de poblaciones en los loci ILSTS033 (alelo 254) e ILSTS005 (alelo 182) en la sub-población del Togo con frecuencias respectivas de 5,41 y 12,82%. El alelo 226 del locus ILSTS103 está totalmente fijado (100%) en la sub-población togolesa y casi (98,75%) en la sub-población del valle del Benín. La evaluación del marcador específico del cromosoma Y revela la introgresión de genes de zebú en las cinco sub-poblaciones que van de 37,5% en el valle del Benín y en la Meseta Este, hasta 100% en la Meseta Oeste. El análisis de mezcla utilizando el programa STRUCTURE (k=2) confirma las observaciones fenotípicas que indican la introgresión de genes de zebú en el interior de las poblaciones. Variaciones de mezclas han sido observadas entre rebaños al interior de una misma población. Mientras que los animales del valle del Benín presentan un nivel de introgresión de genes de zebú bajo, la sub-población de la Meseta Este parece ser la más pura.

Keywords

CattleMicrosatellitesGenetic diversityZebu genes introgression
Type
Research Articles
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 44 , April 2009 , pp. 45 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2009

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