The centenary of the birth of Doña Emilia Pardo-Bazán in 1852 is being celebrated with an enthusiasm which indicates that at last her remarkable qualities are properly appreciated. Most of the centenary celebrations stress her creative work as the author of the novels Los Pazos de Ulloa and La Madre Naturaleza. Her fictional writings are so distinguished that there is a tendency to forget that her historical and critical works are unusual and worthy of study. It may be relevant to note here that she wrote several books about the Franciscan movement and that she was a member of the Third Order of Saint Francis. Her two-volume San Francisco de Asís (1882) was highly praised by Pope Leo XIII, and she celebrated the fourth centenary of the discovery of America in her study Los Franciscanos y Colón (1892).

In the Issue of January, 1946, the editor of THE AMERICAS published in the form of an article an extended review of mine of a book that had appeared the year before. This was the first volume of the Historia del arte hispanoamericano, written by Diego Angulo Iniguez and Enrique Marco Dorta. Now, five years later, I have been invited to review for the same journal the second volume of this monumental work. It is not often that such a privilege is accorded and I am duly grateful for this opportunity to continue the consideration of a major work of Spanish and Spanish American scholarship, which in its gradual development is bound to be increasingly a subject of prime interest and usefulness to all who are concerned with the culture of Latin America.

From the Early Days of the conquest of the River Plate up to our times, there have been numerous religious of the Order of St. Francis who have occupied episcopal sees in what is today the Argentine Republic, but not one of them has filled such glorious pages of the history of this country as Fray Fernando Trejo y Sanabria. Only one has come close to imitating his intense and extraordinary labors, and that was Fray Martín Ignacio de Loyola, Bishop of Asunción del Paraguay between 1602 and 1606, an epoch when all the Argentine coastland belonged to the Asunción Diocese.

The Regional Security provisions of the Rio Treaty of Mutual Assistance dealing with individual and collective defense, along with the structural and juridical reorganization of the inter-American system of Bogotá in 1948, constitute to a certain degree a return to Bolivarian political concepts of a Hispanic-American union or confederation. This was the dominant theme and leitmotiv of inter-American relations from 1830 to 1865. It is our purpose in this present study to present the attitude and position of Chile towards these expressions of hemisphere solidarity during this period of the mid-nineteenth century.

Water is a Prominent Theme in Mexican place names. Of at least 50,000 Indian toponyms, an untold number of references are made to water: its abundance, scarcity, shape, size and quality (i.e., color, taste and purity for drinking).

A study of Mexican place names makes it apparent that the proper distribution of water is historically one of the basic problems confronting the country; this is indirectly substantiated by many allusions to aqueducts and to the question of water ownerships in a given place. Rivers, too, play an important part in Mexican toponyms; the same applies perhaps more so to springs. Vegetation and fauna frequently are identified with hydronyms in Mexican place names. Diverse actions are associated with another group, while stones and soil figure in still another class. Canoes appear in another cluster of place names.

It is rare that one finds, in the form of drawings and documents, a study of the architectural evolution of a church in the Spanish borderlands of the United States. Most of the churches were Indian missions, built at first of adobe in a simple, crude form, with thatched roofs. More beautiful buildings arose in a later period of development when Indian converts had increased and after skilled workmen were available to raise them as monuments of beauty on a cheerless frontier.