Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T12:34:27.165Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Women Thinkers and the Canon of International Thought: Recovery, Rejection, and Reconstitution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2020

KIMBERLY HUTCHINGS Open the ORCID record for KIMBERLY HUTCHINGS [Opens in a new window]  and
PATRICIA OWENS Open the ORCID record for PATRICIA OWENS [Opens in a new window]
KIMBERLY HUTCHINGS*
Affiliation:
Queen Mary University of London
PATRICIA OWENS*
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
*
Kimberly Hutchings, Professor, School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London, k.hutchings@qmul.ac.uk.
Patricia Owens, Professor, Somerville College, University of Oxford, patricia.owens@politics.ox.ac.uk.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Canons of intellectual “greats” anchor the history and scope of academic disciplines. Within international relations (IR), such a canon emerged in the mid-twentieth century and is almost entirely male. Why are women thinkers absent from IR’s canon? We show that it is not due to a lack of international thought, or that this thought fell outside established IR theories. Rather it is due to the gendered and racialized selection and reception of work that is deemed to be canonical. In contrast, we show what can be gained by reclaiming women’s international thought through analyses of three intellectuals whose work was authoritative and influential in its own time or today. Our findings question several of the basic premises underpinning IR’s existing canon and suggest the need for a new research agenda on women international thinkers as part of a fundamental rethinking of the history and scope of the discipline.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 115 , Issue 2 , May 2021 , pp. 347 - 359
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Support for this work was provided by the Leverhulme Trust Research Project on Women and the History of International Thought (RPG-2017-319).

For comments on earlier versions of the article we are extremely grateful to the three anonymous reviewers, and Jean-Francois Drolet, Sarah C. Dunstan, Helen M. Kinsella, Paul Kirby, Vanessa Ogle, Melanie Richter-Monpetit, Katharina Rietzler, Joanna Wood, and David Williams. Earlier versions of the article were presented at the British International Studies Association Annual Convention, the Millennium Conference in 2019, McGill University, Queen Mary University of London, and the University of Kent.

References

Adams, Ellen E. 2014. “Imperial Romances: Travels in Japan with Ellen Churchill Semple and Fannie Cauldwell Macauley.” The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13 (2): 145–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agnew, J. 2003. Geopolitics: Revisioning World Politics. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Anievas, Alex, Manchanda, Nivi, and Shilliam, Robbie, eds. 2014. Race and Racism in International Relations: Confronting the Global Colour Line. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashworth, Lucian M. 2010. “Realism and the Spirit of 1919: Halford Mackinder, Geopolitics and the Reality of the League of Nations.” European Journal of International Relations 17 (2): 279–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashworth, Lucian M. 2011. “Feminism, War and the Prospects for International Government: Helena Swanwick (1864–1939) and the Lost Feminists of Interwar International Relations.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 13 (1): 24–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashworth, Lucian M. 2013. “Mapping a New World: Geography and the Interwar Study of IR.” International Studies Quarterly 57 (1): 138–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashworth, Lucian M. 2014. A History of International Thought: From the Origins of the Modern State to Academic IR. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashworth, Lucian M. 2020. “From Emulation to Enmity: The Changing View of Germany in Anglo-American Geopolitics.” Chap. 4 in Prussians, Nazis and Peaceniks: Changing Images of Germany in International Relations, eds. Steffek, Jens and Holthaus, Leonie. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Bay, Mia, Griffin, Farah J., Jones, Martha S., and Savage, Barbara D., eds. 2015. Toward an Intellectual History of Black Women. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Bell, Duncan. 2018. “Pragmatism and Prophecy: H. G. Wells and the Metaphysics of Socialism.” American Political Science Review 112 (2): 409–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berman, M. 1974. “Sex Discrimination and Geography: The Case of Ellen Churchill Semple.” Professional Geographer 26: 8–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, Jeremy. 2016. Geopolitics and the Quest for Dominance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Blain, Keisha N., and Gill, Tiffany M., eds. 2019. To Turn the Whole World Over: Black Women and Internationalism. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bliddal, Henrick, Sylvest, Casper, and Wilson, Peter, eds. 2013. Classics of International Relations: Essays in Criticism and Appreciation. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broad, Jacqueline, and Green, Karen. 2009. A History of Women’s Political Thought in Europe, 1400–1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Chris, Nardin, Terry, and Rengger, Nicholas, eds. 2002. International Relations in Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckle, Henry. 1872. History of Civilization in England Volumes I-III. London: Longmans, Green & Co.Google Scholar
Bushong, Allen D. 1975. “Women as Geographers: some Thoughts of Ellen Churchill Semple.” Southeastern Geographer 15 (2): 102–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bushong, Allen D. 1984. “Ellen Semple Churchill 1863-1932.” In Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies, Vol.8, ed. Freeman, Thomas W., 87–94. London: Mansell.Google Scholar
Carroll, Berenice. 1990. “The Politics of ‘Originality’: Women and the Class System of the Intellect.” Journal of Women’s History 2 (2): 136–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, Bert. 2011. Geopolitics: A Guide to the Issues. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Clark, Ian, and Neumann, Iver B., eds. 1996. Classical Theories in International Relations London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Clinton, David. 2003. Tocqueville, Lieber, and Bagehot: Liberalism Confronts the World London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cochran, Molly. 2017. “The ‘Newer Ideals’ of Jane Addams’s Progressivism: A Realistic Utopia of Cosmopolitan Justice.” In Progressivism and US Foreign Policy between the World Wars, eds. Cochran, Molly and Navari, Cornelia, 143–165. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, Patricia Hill. 1998. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Condren, Conal. 1985. The Status and Appraisal of Classic Texts: An Essay on Political Theory, Its Inheritance and the History of Ideas. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, Anna J. [1892] 1988a. A Voice from the South. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cooper, Anna J. [1925] 1988b. Slavery and the French Revolutionists (1788-1805). Lewiston: Edwin Mellen.Google Scholar
Cooper Anna, J. [1925] 1998. “Equality of Races and the Democratic Movement.” In The Voice of Anna Julia Cooper, eds. Lemert, Charles and Lanham, Esme Bhan, 291–298. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1: 139–167.Google Scholar
Dodds, Klaus. 2014. Geopolitics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Edkins, Jenny, and Vaughn-Williams, Nicholas. 2009. Critical Theorists and International Relations. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elman, Colin. 2014. The Realism Reader. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Economic and Social Committee. 2012. Bertha von Suttner. EU Publications: <https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/c77e2d1a-9a94-4696-ba9f-3ab332881e90/language-en>. Accessed March 23, 2020..+Accessed+March+23,+2020.>Google Scholar
Fettweis, Christopher J. 2015. “On Heartlands and Chessboards: Classical Geopolitics, Then and Now.” Orbis 59 (2): 233–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forestal, Jennifer, and Philips, Menaka. 2018. “Gender and the ‘Great Man’: Recovering Philosophy’s ‘Wives of the Canon.’” Hypatia 33 (4): 587–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forsyth, M. G., Keens-Soper, H. M. A., and Savigear, P., eds. 1970. The Theory of International Relations: Selected Texts from Gentili to Treitschke. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gabel, Leona C. 1982. From Slavery to the Sorbonne and beyond: The Life and Writings of Anna Julia Cooper. Northampton, MA: Smith College Library.Google Scholar
Gardner, Catherine Villaneuva. 2003. Women Philosophers: Genre and the Boundaries of Philosophy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Gelfand, Lawrence E. 1963. The Inquiry: American Preparations for Peace, 1917-19. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Green, Karen. 2014. A History of Women’s Political Thought in Europe, 1700–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilhot, Nicolas, ed. 2011. The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Gunnell, John G. 1993. The Descent of Political Theory: The Genealogy of an American Vocation. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Guy-Sheftall, Beverley. 2009. “Black Feminist Studies: The Case of Anna Julia Cooper.” African American Review 43 (1): 11–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Lene. 2011. “A Research Agenda on Feminist Texts and the Gendered Constitution of International Politics in Rebecca West’s Black Lamb and Grey Falcon.” Millennium 40 (1): 109–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawley, Arthur J. 1968. “Environmental Perception: Nature and Ellen Churchill Semple.” Southeastern Geographer 8: 54–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, Errol A. 2017. “The Revolution Will Not Be Theorised: Du Bois, Locke, and the Howard School’s Challenge to White Supremacist IR Theory.” Millennium 45 (3): 492–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herren, Madeleine. 2016. “Gender and International Relations through the Lens of the League of Nations (1919-1945).” In Women, Diplomacy and International Politics since 1500, eds. Sluga, Glenda and James, Carolyn, 182–201. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hobson, John M. 2012. The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory 1760-2010. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, Valeska, Pietsch, Tamson, and Rietzler, Katharina. 2019. “Women’s International Thought and the New Professions, 1900–1940.” Modern Intellectual History. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479244319000131.Google Scholar
Hutchings, Kimberly. 2009. “Simone de Beauvoir.” In Critical Theorists and International Relations, eds. Edkins, Jenny, and Vaughan-Williams, Nick, 66–76. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jahn, Beate, ed. 2006. Classical Theory in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, C. L. R. [1938] 1963. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’ Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
James, Joy. 2007. “Profeminism and Gender Elites: W. E. B. Du Bois, Anna Julia Cooper and Ida B. Wells Barnett.” In Next to the Color Line: Gender, Sexuality and W. E. B. Du Bois, eds. Gillman, Susan and Weinbaum, Alys Eve, 69–95. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Kauppi, Mark V., and Viotti, Paul R. 1992. The Global Philosophers: World Politics in Western Thought. New York: Lexington.Google Scholar
Keighren, Innes. 2010. Bringing Geography to Book: Ellen Semple and the Reception of Geographical Knowledge. London: I. B. Tauris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinsella, Helen M. 2014. “Simone Weil: An Introduction.” In Émigré Scholars and the Genesis of American International Relations: A European Discipline in America? Ed. Rösch, Felix, 176–197. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Koelsch, William A. 2014. “Miss Semple Meets the Historians: The Failed AHA 1907 Conference on Geography and History and What Happened Afterwards.” Journal of Historical Geography 45: 50–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knutsen, Torbjorn L. 1992. A History of International Relations Theory, 1st edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Knutsen, Torbjorn L. 1997. A History of International Relations Theory, 2nd edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Knutsen, Torbjorn L. 2015. “Halford J. Mackinder, Geopolitics, and the Heartland Thesis.” The International History Review 36 (5): 835–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebow, Richard Ned, Schouten, Peer, and Suganami, Hidemi, eds. 2016. The Return of the Theorists: Dialogues with Great Thinkers in International Relations. London: Palgrave.10.1057/9781137516459CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemert, Charles, and Bhan, Esme, eds. 1998. The Voice of Anna Julia Cooper. Lanham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Long, David, and Wilson, Peter, eds. 1995. Thinkers of the Twenty Years Crisis: Interwar Idealism Reassessed. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Luard, Evan. 1992. Basic Texts in International Relations: The Evolution of Ideas about International Society. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maliniak, Daniel, Powers, Ryan M., and Walter, Barbara F.. 2013. “The Gender Citation Gap in International Relations.” International Organization 67 (4): 889–922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, Vivienne M. 2007. Anna Julia Cooper, Visionary Black Feminist: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
May, Vivienne M. 2021. “Anna Julia Cooper on Slavery’s Afterlife: Can International Thought ‘Hear’ Her ‘Muffled’ Voice and Ideas?” In Women’s International Thought: A New History, eds. Owens, Patricia and Rietzler, Katharina. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ménage, Gilles. 1984. The History of Women Philosophers, trans. Zedler, Beatrice H.. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.Google Scholar
McAlister, Linda Lopez, ed. 1996. Hypatia’s Daughters: Fifteen Hundred Years of Women Philosophers. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
McCourt, David M. 2017. “The Inquiry and the Birth of International Relations 1917-19.” Australian Journal of Politics and History 63 (3): 394–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moody-Turner, Shirley. 2009. “Preface to Special Section on Anna Julia Cooper.” African American Review 43 (1): 7–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moody-Turner, Shirley, and Stewart, James. 2009. “Gendering Africana Studies: Insights from Anna Julia Cooper.” African American Review 43 (1): 35–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, Cerwyn, and Farrands, Chris, eds. 2010. International Relations Theory and Philosophy: Interpretive Dialogues. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgenthau, Hans J., and Thompson, Kenneth W., eds. 1950. Principles and Problems of International Politics: Selected Readings. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Nye, Andrea. 1994. Philosophia: The Thought of Rosa Luxemburg, Simone Weil, and Hannah Arendt. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Olson, William C., and Groom, A. J. R.. 1991. International Relations Then and Now: Origins and Trends in Interpretation. London: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Owens, Patricia. 2007. Between War and Politics: International Relations and the Thought of Hannah Arendt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owens, Patricia. 2018. “Women and the History of International Thought.” International Studies Quarterly 62 (3): 467–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owens, Patricia, and Rietzler, Katharina, eds. 2021. Women’s International Thought: A New History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owens, Patricia, Rietzler, Katharina, Hutchings, Kimberley, and Dunstan, Sarah, eds. Forthcoming. Women’s International Thought: Towards a New Canon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Philips, Menaka. 2018. “The Beloved and Deplored Memory of Harriet Taylor Mill: Rethinking Gender and Intellectual Labor in the Canon.” Hypatia 33 (4): 626–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pellow, David W. H. 1997. “Anna J. Cooper: The International Dimensions.” In Recovered Writers/Recovered Texts: Race, Class and Gender in Black Women’s Literature, ed. Hubbard, Dolan, 60–74. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.Google Scholar
Peter, Simone. 2012. “Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914).” In The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law, eds. Fassbender, Bardo and Peters, Anne, 1142–1145. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pollock, Griselda. 1999. Differencing the Canon: Feminism and the Histories of Art. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Richardson Keller, Frances. 1975. “The Perspective of a Black American on Slavery and the French Revolution.” In Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History December 4–6, 165–176.Google Scholar
Roache, Steven. 2008. Critical Theory and International Relations: A Reader. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Russ, Joanna. 1983. How to Suppress Women’s Writing. London: Women’s Press.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Brian C. 1998. The Political Discourse of Anarchy: A Disciplinary History of International Relations. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Sedgewick, Eve Kosofsky. 1985. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semple, Ellen C. 1909. “The Operation of Geographic Factors in History.” Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 41 (7): 422–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semple Ellen, C. 1911. Influences of Geographic Environment: On the Basis of Ratzel’s System of Anthropo-Geography. London: Constable & Co.Google Scholar
Semple, Ellen C. 1913. “Japanese Colonial Methods.” Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 45 (4): 255–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semple, Ellen C. 1932. The Geography of the Mediterranean Region: Its Relation to Ancient History. London: Constable & Co.Google Scholar
Sluga, Glenda. 2017. “Women, Feminisms, and Twentieth-Century Internationalisms.” In Internationalism: A Twentieth-Century History, eds. Sluga, Glenda and Clavin, Patricia, 61–84. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Hilda L. 2007. “Women Intellectuals and Intellectual History: Their Paradigmatic Separation.” Women’s History Review 16 (3): 353–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Hilda L., and Carroll, Bernice A., eds. 2000. Women’s Political and Social Thought: An Anthology. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.Google Scholar
Stawell, F. Melian. 1929. The Growth of International Thought. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Stöckmann, Jan. 2018. “Women, Wars, and World Affairs: Recovering Feminist International Relations, 1915–39.” Review of International Studies 44 (2): 215–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuurman, Siep. 2000. “The Canon of the History of Political Thought: Its Critique and a Proposed Alternative.” History and Theory 39 (2): 147–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tate, Merze. 1942. The Disarmament Illusion: The Movement for a Limitation of Armaments to 1907. New York: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thakur, Vineet, and Vale, Peter. 2020. South Africa, Race and the Making of International Relations. London: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Thompson, Kenneth W. 1982. Masters of International Thought. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, Kenneth W. 1994. Fathers of International Thought: The Legacy of Political Theory. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Tickner, J. Ann, and True, Jacqui. 2018. “A Century of International Relations Feminism: From World War I Women’s Peace Pragmatism to the Women, Peace and Security Agenda.” International Studies Quarterly 62 (2): 221–233.Google Scholar
Tully, James, ed. 1989. Meaning and Context: Quentin Skinner and His Critics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tyson, Sarah. 2018. Where are the Women? Why Expanding the Archive Makes Philosophy Better. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van de Haar, Edwin. 2009. Classical Liberalism and International Relations Theory. London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasquez, John A. 1995. Classics of International Relations, 3rd edition. New York: Pearson.Google Scholar
Veregerio, Claire. 2019. “Context, Reception, and the Study of Great Thinkers in International Relations.” International Theory 11 (1): 110–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitalis, Robert. 2015. White World Order, Black Power Politics: The Birth of American International Relations. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
von Suttner, Bertha. 1894. Lay Down Your Arms. London: Longmans, Green & Co.Google Scholar
von Suttner, Bertha. 1903. Marthas Kinder. Dresden: C. Pierson.Google Scholar
von Suttner, Bertha. 1910a. Memoirs: Records of an Eventful Life Volume I. Boston: Ginn & Co.Google Scholar
von Suttner, Bertha. 1910b. Memoirs: Records of an Eventful Life Volume II. Boston: Ginn & Co.Google Scholar
von Suttner, Bertha. 1914. When Thoughts Will Soar: A Romance of the Future. London: Constable & Co.Google Scholar
von Suttner, Bertha. [1912] 2016. The Barbarization of the Skies, ed. May, Hope Elizabeth, trans. Cooper, Belinda. Mount Pleasant, MI: Bertha von Suttner Project.Google Scholar
Waithe, Mary Ellen. 1987–1995. A History of Women Philosophers in Four Volumes. Cleveland, OH: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waithe, Mary Ellen. 2015. “From Canon Fodder to Canon-Formation: How Do We Get There from Here.” The Monist 98 (1): 21–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, Penny A. 2009. Canon Fodder: Historical Women Political Thinkers. University Park: Pennsylvania University Press.Google Scholar
Wight, Martin. 2004. Four Seminal Thinkers in International Theory: Machiavelli, Grotius, Kant, and Mazzini. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Howard, Wright, Moorhead, and Evans, Tony, eds. 1993. A Reader in International Relations and Political Theory. Buckingham: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, Peter. 1995. “Introduction: The Twenty Years’ Crisis and the Category of “Idealism” in International Relations.” In Thinkers of the Twenty Years Crisis: Interwar Idealism Reassessed, eds. Long, David and Wilson, Peter, 1–24. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Wilson, Peter. 2013. “Attacking Hitler in England: Patriarchy, Class and War in Virginia Woolf’s Three Guineas.” In Classics of International Relations: Essays in Criticism and Appreciation, eds. Bliddal, Hennik, Sylvest, Casper, and Wilson, Peter, 36–47. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Witt, Charlotte. 2006. “Feminist Interpretations of the Philosophical Canon.” Signs: Journal of Women, Culture and Society 31 (2): 537–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfers, Arnold, and Martin, Laurence W., eds. 1956. The Anglo-American Tradition in Foreign Affairs: Readings from Thomas More to Woodrow Wilson. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Youde, Jeremy, and Steele, Brent. 2018. “‘Canon’ Fodder: the Founding Fathers, Classics and ‘Isms’ of International Relations.” In Sage Handbook of the History and Sociology of International Relations, eds. Gofas, Andreas, Hamatu-Ataya, Innana, and Onuf, Nicholas, 208–221. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Zerilli, Linda. 2008. “Feminist Theory and the Canon of Political Thought.” In Oxford Handbook of Political Theory, eds. Dryzek, John S., Honig, Bonnie, and Phillips, Anne, 106–124. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar