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The Option Clause in the Reich’s Treaties on the Transfer of Population
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 April 2017
Extract
September 28, 1939, marked the conclusion of the Soviet-German agreement on the delimitation, in line with “mutual state interests,” of the conquered Polish territories.
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- Copyright © by the American Society of International Law 1944
References
1 Hitler’s speech of Oct. 6, 1939, quoted from the authorized English translation published by Facts in Review, No. 10, Oct. 14, 1939, German Library of Information.
2 The full official text of the treaty, both in the Estonian and German languages, appears in the Estonian Official Gazette Riigi Teataja, 1939, Part II, pp. 341–346.
3 The full official text of the Treaty was published, in Lettish and German, in the Latvian Official Gazette Valdibas Vestnesis, Oct. 30, 1939, No. 247, pp. 4–7.
4 Annual Report of the German Resettlement Society (Deutsche Umsiedlungs-Treuhand Gesellschaft (DUT) for 1941). Frankfurter Zeitung, April 3,1942.
5 Die Nationalitaeten in den Staaten Europas. Herausgegeben im Auftrage des Europaeischen Nationalitaeten-Kongresses, Wien, 1931, p. 8.
6 Giere, W., Bestandsaufnahme des Estlaendischen Deutschtums in Deutsche Arbeit, 1937, Heft I, p. 17 Google Scholar.
7 Such was the legal aspect of the problem. In fact, however, after the evacuation, German repatriates were compelled, upon their arrival in the Reich, to go through a four-hour procedure before being accepted as citizens. According to the Berlin correspondent of the New York Times (Nov. 27, 1939), the evacuees were not infrequently refused German citizenship. “Those rejected must apply through normal channels,” the American correspondent reported.
8 Published in the Frankfurter Zeitung, Nov. 5, 1939.
9 Taracouzio, T.A., The Soviet Union and International Law, p. 97 Google Scholar.
10 League of Nations Treaty Series, Vol. XI, p. 51; Vol. II, p. 212; Vol. Ill, p. 122; Izvestia, No. 238, Oct. 23,1920; Collection of Enactments and Regulations of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of Dec. 12,1921; League of Nations Treaty Series, Vol. VI, p. 123.
11 Taraeouzio, p. 98.
12 Treaties concluded by the RSFSR with Great Britain of Feb. 12, 1920; with France of April 20, 1920; with Italy of April 27, 1920; with Belgium of April 20, 1920, and with Denmark of Dec. 18, 1919.
13 Treaties concluded by the RSFSR relative to refugees: with Lithuania of June 13, 1920 and of June 30, 1920; with Latvia of Nov. 16, 1920; with Estonia of Aug. 19, 1920; with Finland of Aug. 12, 1922; see also the Agreement of Repatriation between the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR and Poland of Oct. 12, 1920.
14 Taraeouzio, p. 113.
15 Utrecht Treaty of Peace and Friendship, March 21 / April 11,1713. B.H.M. Special Command. London. Printed by John Basket, Printer to the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty, 1713, p. 74.
16 Kunz, Joseph L. Die Voelkerrecktliche Option, Breslau 1935, Band I, pp. 33–37 Google Scholar.
17 Freytag-Loringhoven, Baron von, “Politics and Right” in Europaeische Revue, Jan., 1941 Google Scholar. Voelkerrechtliche Neubildungen im Kriege, Hamburg, 1942.
18 Monatsschrift für Auswaertige Politik, Nov., 1940.
19 The legality of the proceedings by which the Soviet Government annexed Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania is not considered here.
20 Mirovoye Khosyaistvo i Mirovaya Politika, 1941, p. 128.
21 Current News on the Lithuanian Situation, published by the Lithuanian Legation in Washington (No. 7, Oct. 15, 1941).
22 Encyhlopediya Gosudarstva i Prava. Moscow, 1925–1927, Vol. III, pp. 135–136 Google Scholar.
23 “Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft,” No. 10, p. 344.
24 The New York Times, Sept. 27, 1939; Pravda, Sept. 26,1939.
25 Tolischus, O. D., “They Wanted War,” p. 310 Google Scholar. Oskar, Halecki, “Poland’s Eastern Frontiers,” in Journal of Central European Affairs, Oct., 1939, p. 338 Google Scholar.