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O'Connell Machinery Co. v. M.V. "Americana." 734 F.2d 115
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 May 2017
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- Judicial Decisions
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- Copyright © American Society of International Law 1984
References
1 566 F.Supp. 1381 (S.D.N.Y. 1983), summarized in 78 AJIL 449 (1984).
2 See H.R. REP. NO. 1487, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. 15, reprinted in 1976 U.S. CODE CONG. & AD. NEWS 6604, 6613.
3 734 F.2d 115, 116-17. Indeed, the court noted that the House report indicates that "entities which meet the definition of an 'agency or instrumentality of a foreign state' could assume a variety of forms, including . . . a transport organization such as a shipping line." 1976 U.S. CODE CONG.&AD. NEWS at 6614.
4 Feb. 2, 1948, 63 Stat. 2255, TIAS No. 1965, Art. XXIV(6).
5 The court relied on S&S Machinery Co. v. Masinexportimport, 706 F.2d 411, 417 (2d Cir.), summarized in 77 AJIL 880 (1983), cert, denied, 2845104 S.Ct. 161 (1983), in which similar language in the U.S.-Romania trade agreement was held not to constitute a waiver of immunity from prejudgment attachment. It may also be noted that a comparable provision is contained in Article XI, section 4 of the Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights between the United States of America and Iran, Aug. 15, 1955, 8 UST 899, TIAS No. 3853. The weight of authority is that this provision in the U.S.-Iran Treaty—in particular the phrase "other liability"—does not constitute an explicit waiver of immunity from prejudgment attachment within the meaning of section 1610(d)(1) of the FSIA. See, e.g., Security Pacific Nat'l Bank v. Iran, 513 F.Supp. 864, 879-80 (CD. Cal. 1981); New England Merchants Nat'l Bank v. Iran Power Generation&Transmission Co., 502 F.Supp. 120, 126-27 (S.D.N.Y. 1980), summarized in 75 AJIL 375 (1981). See also Libra Bank Ltd. v. Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, 676 F.2d 47, 50 (2d Cir. 1982), summarized in 76 AJIL 851 (1982), and cases cited therein.
6 See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1605(b), 1609, 1610(d) (1982).
7 734 F.2d at 117 (citing Detroit Trust Co. v. The Thomas Barium, 293 U.S. 21, 43 (1934); Panama R.R. Co. v. Johnson, 264 U.S. 375, 386 (1924)).
8 734 F.2d at 117. See Ruggiero v. Compania Peruana de Vapores, 639 F.2d 872, 878-79 (2d Cir. 1981); Victory Transport Inc. v. Comisaria General de Abastecimientos y Transportes, 336 F.2d 354, 357-58 (2d Cir. 1964), cert, denied, 381 U.S. 934 (1965). See also Berizzi Brothers Co. v. Steamship Pesaro, 271 U.S. 562, 573 (1926) (foreign ships engaged in trade were immune from arrest prior to enactment of the FSIA).