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The Responsibility of the Federal Government for Violations of the Rights of Aliens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Nelson Gammans
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Extract

“The only government of this country, which other nations recognize or treat with, is the Government of the Union; and the only American flag known throughout the world is the flag of the United States.” The Government of the Union, as the only internationally recognized agent of the state, bears the responsibility for any violations of the rights which it owes to aliens, whether these rights are the result of treaty obligations or of international law.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , January 1914 , pp. 73 - 80
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1914

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References

1 Fong Yue Ting v. United States (1893), 149 TJ. S. 698; see p. 711. C. H. Butler, Treaty Making Power of the United States (1902), Vol. I, p. 141, note.

2 Elihu Root, “The Basis of Protection to Citizens Residing Abroad,” this Journal, Vol. IV (1910), pp. 521–523.

3 Moore, Digest, VI, 261. Butler, Treaty Making Power of the United States, Vol. I, p. 143.

4 Revised Statutes, sec. 753; C. H. Butler, Treaty Making Power of the United States, I, p. 148, note.

5 Garrison, “Westward Extension” (Am. Nat. Series, Vol. XVII), pp. 81–82.

6 Blaine to Porter, 29 March, 1891, 1891 For. Rel. 675; Blaine to Marquis Imperiali, 1 April, 1891, 1891 For. Rel. 676.

7 Evarts to Thornton, 7 March, 1881; Moore, Digest, VI, 663.

8 Evarts to Chen Lan Pin, 30 Dec, 1880; 1881, For. Rel. 319; Moore, Digest, VI, 820–822; Charles H. Burr, “The Treaty Making Power of the United States and the Methods of its Enforcement as Affecting the Police Powers of the States,” Proceedings of the Amer. Philosophical Society, Vol. LI, No. 206 (Aug.-Sept. 1912), p. 377.

9 James, Bryce, “Legal and Constitutional Aspects of the Lynching at New Orleans,” Littell’s Living Age, Vol. 189:579 Google Scholar.

10 Moore, Arbitrations, pp. 1421–1446.

11 Fish to Partridge, No. 141, 5 March, 1875; Moore, Digest, VI, 816.

12 Moore, Arbitrations, 2971.

13 For instance, 1898, For. ReL 97–109; Moore, Digest, III, 757–795; 1885, For. Rel. 450–459; 1898, For. Rel. 529.

14 Breedlove v. Nicolet, 7 Pet. 413–432. Tucker, The Const, of the U. 8. (1899), II, 797; on verification, Tucker’s references seem insufficient.

15 Summary from Lewis’ Digest.

16 Foster v. Neilson, 2 Pet. 253; this quotation is the summary from Kinney’s Digest, II, 1890.

17 Charles H. Burr, quoted above, p. 395.

18 James, Bryce, “Legal and Constitutional Aspects of the Lynching at New Orleans,” Littell’s Living Age, Vol. 189, p. 584 Google Scholar.

19 Revised Statutes, sees. 4062–4064; act of April 30, 1790, 1 Stat. 117, 118; Moore, Digest, IV, 623, 631, VI, 814–815.

20 Revised Statutes, sees. 752, 753, 754; C. H. Butler, cited above, I, 148, note.

21 Annual Message, 1899, For. Rel. xxiii; Moore, Digest, VI, 846.

22 120 V. S. 479; Samuel, McClintock, “Aliens under the Federal Laws of the United States,” III. Law Rev., 1909, p. 94 Google Scholar, note.

23 120 U. S. 678 (1886–1887).

24 Constitution of Switzerland (translation by Prof. A. B. Hart, Old South Leaflets, Vol. I, No. 18), Art. 85.

25 Same, Art. 112.

26 Same, Art. 113.