Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-tn8tq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T06:18:37.311Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Site-Use Intensity, Cultural Modification of the Environment, and the Development of Agricultural Communities in Southern Arizona

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rebecca M. Dean
Rebecca M. Dean*
Affiliation:
F.C.H.S., Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000 Faro, Portugal (rdean@ualg.pt)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Some non-prey animals, including certain rodent and bird species, are particularly good indicators of local environments, and are argued to provide an alternative way to look at the emergence of sedentism before, during, and after the transition to agriculture. With the first villages and irrigated fields, human impacts on the environment opened new ecological niches and affected the composition of local pest populations. Some of these animals would have been attracted to the new food sources available in village environments, while others may have been driven away by the destruction of their habitat. In southern Arizona, changes in archaeological pest assemblages are a source of information on the degree of site-use intensity prehistorically and how it changed through the Archaic and Hohokam cultural sequence. Faunal data from the Hohokam region suggest that the earliest farmers in the region were not significantly more sedentary than their Middle Archaic predecessors, and indeed site-use intensity did not increase substantially until well after the introduction of domestic plants.

Résumé

Résumé

Animales no predadores, incluidas especies de roedores y pájaros, sirven particularmente como buenos indicadores de medios ambientes locales y pueden proveer de una manera alternativa de ver el surgimiento del sedentarismo antes, durante y después de la transición a la agricultura. Con las primeras aldeas y campos irrigados, el impacto humano en el medio ambiente abrió nuevos nichos ecológicos y afectó la composición de las poblaciones de las plagas de especies locales. Algunos de estos animales pudieron haber sido atraídos por las nuevas fuentes alimenticias ubicadas en el medio ambiente de las aldeas, mientras que otras especies fueron desplazadas por la destrucción de su hábitat. En el sur de Arizona, el cambio en las composiciones arqueológicas de plagas sirven como una fuente de información para determinar el grado de intensidad prehistórica del uso de sitios y como cambio en la secuencia cultural del Arcaico a Hohokam. Información de fauna de la región Hohokam sugiere que los primeros agricultores en la región no fueron significativamente más sedentarios que sus predecesores del Arcaico Medio y la intensidad de uso de sitio no se incrementó sustancialmente hasta bien establecida la domesticación de plantas.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 70 , Issue 3 , July 2005 , pp. 403 - 431
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Adams, Karen R., and Bohrer, Vorsila L. 1998 Archaeobotanical Indicators of Seasonality : Examples from Arid Southwestern United States. In Seasonality and Sedentism : Archaeological Perspectives from Old and New World Sites, edited by Thomas R. Rocek and Ofer Bar- Yosef, pp. 129–142. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Andersen, Mark C, and Kay, Fenton R. 1999 Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat Burrow Mounds and Desert Grassland Habitats. Journal of Arid Environments 41 : 147–160.Google Scholar
Assad Hunter, Cristi 2001 Vertebrate Faunal Remains. In The Grewe Archaeological Research Project Volume 2 : Material Culture Part II : Stone, Shell and Bone Artifacts and Biological Remains, edited by Douglas B. Craig, pp. 679–647. Anthropological Papers No. 99-1. Northland Research, Phoenix, Arizona.Google Scholar
Bayham, Frank E. 1986 Middle Archaic Animal Utilization in South-Central Arizona. In Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers of South-Central Arizona : The Picacho Reservoir Archaic Project, edited by Frank E. Bayham, Donald H. Morris, and M. Steven Shackley, pp. 315–340. Anthropological Field Series No. 13, Office of Cultural Resource Management. Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Bayham, Frank E., and Hatch, Pamela C. 1985 Archaeofaunal Remains from the New River Area. In Hohokam Settlement and Economic System in the Central New River Drainage, Arizona, edited by David E. Doyel and Mark D. Elson, pp. 405–433. Soil Systems Publication in Archaeology No. 4, Phoenix, Arizona.Google Scholar
Bayman, James M. 2001 The Hohokam of Southwest North America. Journal of World Prehistory 15 : 257–311.Google Scholar
Berry, Claudia F., and Berry, Michael S. 1986 Chronological and Conceptual models of the Southwest Archaic. In Anthropology of the Desert West : Essays in Honor of Jesse D. Jennings, edited by Carol J. Condie and Don D. Fowler, pp. 253–327. Anthropological Papers No. 110. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Berry, Michael S. 1982 Time, Space and Transition in Anasazi Prehistory. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Berry, Michael S. 1985 The Age of Maize in the Greater Southwest : A Critical Review. In Prehistoric Food Production in North America, edited by Richard I. Ford, pp. 279–308. Anthropological Papers No. 75, Museum of Anthropology. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Bohrer, Vorsila L. 1991 Recently Recognized and Encouraged Plants among the Hohokam. Kiva 56 : 227–235.Google Scholar
Bostwick, Todd, and Hatch, Pamela C. 1988 Faunal Material from Four Harquahala Sites. In Archaic Subsistence and Settlement in the Harquahala Valley : An Investigation of Prehistoric sites in the Harquahala Valley Irrigation District (HVID), Central Arizona Project, edited by Todd W. Bostwick. Northland Research, Flagstaff, Arizona.Google Scholar
Brown, James H., and Heske, Edward J. 1990 Temporal Changes in a Chihuahuan Desert Rodent Community. Oikos 59 : 290–302.Google Scholar
Bye, Robert, and Linares, Edelmira 2000 Relationships between Mexican Ethnobotanical Diversity and Indigenous Peoples. In Biodiversity and Native America, edited by Paul E. Minnis and Wayne J. Elisens, pp. 44–73. University of Okalahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Cairns, Kellie M., and Ciolek-Torrello, Richard 1998 Faunal Analysis. In Early Farmers of the Sonoran Desert : Archaeological Investigations at the Houghton Road Site, Tucson, Arizona, edited by Richard Ciolek-Torrello, pp. 169–183. Technical Series No. 72. Statistical Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Cairns, Kellie M., and Huber, Edgar K. 1999 Faunal Analysis. In Investigations at Sunset Mesa Ruin : Archaeology at the Confluence of the Santa Cruz and Rillito Rivers, Tucson, Arizona, edited by Richard Ciolek-Torrello, Edward K. Huber, and Robert B. Neily, pp. 177–192. Technical Series 66. Statistical Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Cohen, Mark Nathan 1977 The Food Crisis in Prehistory : Overpopulation and the Origins of Agriculture. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Cordell, Linda S., Doyel, David E., and Kintigh, Keith W. 1994 Processes of Aggregation in the Prehistoric Southwest. In Themes in Southwest Prehistory, edited by George J. Gummerman, pp. 109–134. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Crown, Patricia L. 1990 The Hohokam of the American Southwest. Journal of World Prehistory 4 : 223–255.Google Scholar
Damp, Jonathan E., Hall, Stephen A., and Smith, Susan J. 2002 Early Irrigation on the Colorado Plateau Near Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico. American Antiquity 67 : 665–676.Google Scholar
Dean, Rebecca M. 2001 Small Mammals as Indicators of Sedentism in The Early Agricultural Period. Paper presented at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Society for Ethnobiology, Durango, CO.Google Scholar
Dean, Rebecca M. 2003 People, Pests, and Prey : The Emergence of Agricultural Economies in the Desert Southwest. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Dean, Rebecca M. 2004 Subsistence : Vertebrate Faunal Material. In Archaeological Investigations at the El Taller (AZ AA : 12 : 92 [ASM]) and Rillito Fan (AZAA : 12 : 788[ASM]) Sites along Eastbound 1-10 between Sunset and Ruthrauff Roads, as Part of the 1-10 Frontage Roads Project, Pima County, Tucson, Arizona (draft), edited by Helga Wöcherl. Technical Report No. 2003-08, Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Diehl, Michael W. 2001 Macrobotanical Remains and Land Use : Subsistence and Strategies for Food Acquisition. In Excavations in the Santa Cruz River Floodplain : The Early Agricultural Period Component at Los Pozos, edited by David A. Gregory, pp. 237–254. Anthropological Papers No. 21. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Diehl, Michael W., and Waters, Jennifer A. 1997 Archaeobotanical and Osteofaunal Assessments of Diet Composition and Diversity. In Archaeological Investigations of the Early Agricultural Period Settlements at the Base of A Mountain, Tucson, Arizona, edited by Michael W. Diehl, pp. 53–71. Technical Report No. 9621. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Eddy, Frank W. 1958 A Sequence of Cultural and Alluvial Deposits in the Cienega Creek Basin, Southeastern Arizona. Master's Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Emslie, Steven D. 1981a Prehistoric Agricultural Ecosystems : Avifauna from Pottery Mound, New Mexico. American Antiquity 46 : 853–861.Google Scholar
Emslie, Steven D. 1981b Birds and Prehistoric Agriculture : The New Mexican Pueblos. Human Ecology 9 : 305–329.Google Scholar
Ezzo, J., and Deaver, W. 1998 Watering the Desert : Late Archaic Farming at the Costello-King Site. Technical Series No. 68. Statistical Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Fish, Paul R., and Fish, Suzanne K. 1991 Hohokam Political and Social Organization. In Exploring the Hohokam : Prehistoric Desert Peoples of the Southwest, edited by George 3. Gumerman, pp. 151–175. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Fish, Paul R., and Fish, Suzanne K. 1994 Southwest and Northwest : Recent Research at the Juncture of the United States and Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Research 2 : 3–43.Google Scholar
Fish, Suzanne K. 1985 Prehistoric Disturbance Flora of the Lower Sonoran Desert and their Implications. In Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climates of the American Southwest, edited by Bonnie F. Jacobs, Patricia L. Fall and Owen K. Davis, pp. 77–88. Contributions Series No. 16. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.Google Scholar
Fish, Suzanne K. 1995 Mixed Agricultural Technologies in Southern Arizona and their Implications. In Soil, Water, Biology and Belief in Prehistoric and Traditional Southwestern Agriculture, edited by H. Wolcott Toll, pp. 101–116. Special Publication No. 2. New Mexico Archaeological Council, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Fish, Suzanne K. 2000 Hohokam Impacts on Sonoran Desert Environment. In Imperfect Balance; Landscape Transformations in the Precolumbian Americas, edited by David L. Lentz, pp. 251–280. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Fish, Suzanne K., and Fish, Paul R. 1994 Prehistoric Desert Farmers of the Southwest. Annual Review of Anthropology 23 : 83–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fish, Suzanne K., Fish, Paul R., and Madsen, John 1990 Sedentism and Settlement Mobility in the Tucson Basin Prior to A.D. 1000. In Perspectives on Southwestern Prehistory, edited by Paul E. Minnis and Charles L. Redman, pp. 76–90. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Fish, Suzanne K., Fish, Paul R., and Madsen, John 1992 Early Sedentism and Agriculture in the Northern Tucson Basin. In The Marana Community in the Hohokam World, edited by Suzanne K. Fish, Paul R. Fish, and John Madsen. Anthropological Papers No. 56. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Fish, Suzanne K., and Nabhan, Gary 1991 Desert as Context : The Hohokam Environment. In Exploring the Hohokam : Prehistoric Desert Peoples of the Southwest, edited by George J. Gumerman, pp. 29–60. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Ford, Richard I. 1981 Gardening and Farming Before AD 1000 : Patterns of Prehistoric Cultivation North of Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology 1 : 6–7.Google Scholar
Ford, Richard I. 1985 Patterns of Prehistoric Food Production in North America. In Prehistoric Food Production in North America, edited by Richard I. Ford, pp. 341–364. Anthropological Papers No. 75. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Freeman, Andrea K. L. 1998 Archaeological Investigations at the Wetlands Site, AZ AA : 12 : 90 (ASM). Technical Report No. 97-5. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Gasser, Robert E., and Kwiatkowski, Scott M. 1991 Food for Thought : Recognizing Patterns in Hohokam Subsistence. In Exploring the Hohokam : Prehistoric Desert Peoples of the Southwest, edited by George J. Gumerman pp. 417–459. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Germaine, Stephen S. 1995 Relationships of Birds, Lizards, and Nocturnal Rodents to their Habitat in the Greater Tucson Area, Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department Technical Report No. 20. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1987 Vertebrate Remains. In The Archaeology of the San Xavier Bridge Site (AZ BB : 13 : 14) 1Tucson Basin, Southern Arizona, edited by John C. Ravesloot, pp. 271–301. Archaeological Series No. 171. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1988a Vertebrate Faunal Remains. In Hohokam Archaeology along Phase B of the Tucson Aqueduct, Central Arizona Project : Vol. 2. Excavations at Fastimes (AZ AA : 12 : 384), A Rillito Phase Site in the Avrà Valley, edited by Jon S. Czaplicki and John C. Ravesloot, pp. 235–268. Archaeological Series No. 178. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1988b Vertebrate Remains from the Hawk's Nest site. Manuscript on file, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1989 a Vertebrate Faunal Remains. In Hohokam Archaeology along Phase B of the Tucson Aqueduct, Central Arizona Project : Vol. 3. Excavations at Water World (AZ AA : 16 : 94), A Rillito Phase Ballcourt Village in the Avrà Valley, edited by Jon S. Czaplicki and John C. Ravesloot, pp. 249–277. Archaeological Series No. 178. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1989b Vertebrate Faunal Remains. In Hohokam Archaeology along Phase B of the Tucson Aqueduct, Central Arizona Project : Vol. 4. Small Sites and Specialized Reports, edited by Jon S. Czaplicki and John C. Ravesloot, pp. 85–98. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1989c Vertebrate Remains. In Archaeological Investigations at the Redtail Site, AA : 12 : 149 (ASM), in the Northern Tucson Basin, by Mary Bemard-Shaw, pp. 171–190. Technical Report No. 89-8. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1990 Vertebrate Remains. In Archaeological Investigations at the Lonetree Site, AA : 12 : 120 (ASM), in the Northern Tucson Basin, by Mary Bemard-Shaw, pp. 163–186. Technical Report No. 90-1. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1994 Vertebrate Faunal Remains from Five Schuk Toak Sites. In Archaeological Studies of the Avrà Valley, Arizona : Excavations in the Schuk Toak District : Vol. 2. Scientific Studies and Interpretations, edited by Dart, Allen, pp. 215–242. Anthropological Papers No. 16. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Gillespie, William B. 1995 Vertebrate Remains from Los Morteros. In Archaeological Investigations at Los Morteros, a Prehistoric Community in the Northern Tucson Basin, Part II, by Henry D. Wallace, pp. 673–720. Anthropological Papers No. 17. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Glass, Margaret 1984 Faunal Remains from Hohokam Sites in the Rosemont Area, Northern Santa Rita Mountains. In Hohokam Habitation Sites in the Northern Santa Rita Mountains, edited by Allen Ferg, Kenneth C. Rozen, William L. Deaver, Mar- tyn D. Tagg, David A. Phillips, Jr., and David A. Gregory, pp. 823–916. Archaeological Series No. 147. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Grayson, Donald K. 2001 The Archaeological Record of Human Impacts on Animal Populations. Journal of World Prehistory 15 : 1–24.Google Scholar
Gregory, David A. (editor) 2001a Excavations in the Santa Cruz River Floodplain : The Early Agricultural Period Component at Los Pozos. Anthropological Papers No. 21. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Gregory, David A. (editor) 2001b An Evaluation of Early Agricultural Period Chronology in the Tucson Basin. In Excavations in the Santa Cruz River Floodplain : The Early Agricultural Period Component at Los Pozos, edited by David A. Gregory, pp. 237–254. Anthropological Papers No. 21. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Gregory, David A., and Mabry, Jonathan B. 1998 Revised Research Design for the Archaeological Treatment Plan, Interstate 10 Corridor Improvement Project, Tangerine Road to the Interstate 19 Interchange. Technical Report No. 97-19. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Gumerman, George J. (editor) 1991 Exploring the Hohokam : Prehistoric Desert Peoples of the American Southwest. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Hatch, Pamela C., and Howard, Jerry B. 1988 The Casa Buena Faunal Assemblage : Monitoring Cultural Modification of Local Environmental Conditions. In Excavations at Casa Buena : Changing Hohokam Land Use Along the Squaw Peak Parkway, Volume 2, edited by Jerry B. Howard, pp. 531–560. Publications in Archaeology No. 11. Soil Systems, Phoenix, Arizona.Google Scholar
Hatch, Pamela C., James, Steven R., and Bayham, Frank E. 1987 La Ciudad Faunal Assemblage. In Specialized Studies in the Economy, Environment and Culture of La Ciudad, edited by Jo Ann E. Kisselburg, Glen E. Rice, and Brenda L. Shears, pp. 239–275. Anthropological Field Studies No. 20. Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Haury, Emil W. 1962 The Greater American Southwest. In Courses Toward Urban Life : Some Archaeological Considerations of Cultural Alternates, edited by Robert Braidwood and Gordon R. Willey, pp. 106–131. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology No. 32, New York.Google Scholar
Haury, Emil W. 1976 The Hohokam. University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Heidke, James M. 1999 Cienega Phase Incipient Plain Ware from Southeastern Arizona. Kiva 64 : 311–338.Google Scholar
Heidke, James M., Sliva, R. Jane, Swartz, Deborah L., and Waters, Jennifer A. 1996 Artifact and Archaeobotanical Analyses. In Limited Excavation at the Eastern Margin of the Hodges Site, edited by Deborah L. Swartz, pp. 15–39. Technical Report No. 96-6. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Henderson, T. Kathleen 1989 Farmsteads to Fieldhouses : The Evidence from La Cuenca del Sedimento. In Prehistoric Agricultural Activities on the Lehi-Mesa Terrace : Excavations at La Cuenca del Sedimento, edited by Henderson, T. K., pp. 334–357. Northland Research, Flagstaff, Arizona.Google Scholar
Henke, Scott E., and Bryant, Fred C. 1999 Effects of Coyote Removal on the Faunal Community in Western Texas. Journal of Wildlife Management 63 : 1066–1081.Google Scholar
Henry, Donald O. 1989 From Foraging to Agriculture. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Hesse, Brian C. 1979 Rodent Remains and Sedentism in the Neolithic : Evidence from Ganj Dareh Tepe, Western Iran. Journal of Mammalogy 60 : 856–857.Google Scholar
Hill, Erica 2000 The Contextual Analysis of Animal Interments and Ritual Practice in Southwestern North America. Kiva 65 : 361–398.Google Scholar
Hill, Jane H. 2001 Proto-Uto-Aztecan : A Community of Cultivators in Central Mexico? American Anthropologist 103 : 913–934.Google Scholar
Hill, J. Brett, Clark, Jeffery J., Doelle, William H., and Lyons, Patrick D. 2004 Prehistoric Demography in the Southwest : Migration, Coalescence, and Hohokam Population Decline. American Antiquity 69 : 689–716.Google Scholar
Hoffmeister, Donald F. 1986 Mammals of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Howard, Jerry B., and Huckleberry, Gary 1991 The Operation and Evolution of an Irrigation System : The East Papago Canal Study. Publications in Archaeology No. 18. Soil Systems, Phoenix, Arizona.Google Scholar
Huckell, Bruce B. 1987 Faunal Remains and Bone Implements. In The Corona de Tucson Project : Prehistoric Use of a Bajada Environment, edited by Bruce B. Huckell, Martyn D. Tagg, and Lisa W. Huckell, pp. 205–220. Archaeological Series No. 174. Arizona State Museum, Tucson.Google Scholar
Huckell, Bruce B. 1995 Of Marshes and Maize : Preceramic Agricultural Settlements in the Cienega Valley, Southeastern Arizona. Anthropological Papers No. 59. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Huckell, Bruce B. 1996 The Archaic Prehistory of the North American Southwest. Journal of World Prehistory 10 : 305–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huckell, Bruce B., and Huckell, Lisa W. 1999 McEuen Cave. Archaeology Southwest 13 : 12.Google Scholar
James, Steven R. 1987 Hohokam Patterns of Faunal Exploitation at Muchas Casas. In Studies in the Hohokam Community of Marana, edited by Glen E. Rice, pp. 171–286. Anthropological Field Studies No. 15. Office of Cultural Resource Management, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
James, Steven R. 1989 Archaeofaunal Remains from the Tempe Outer Loop Corridor. In Prehistoric Agricultural Activities on the Lehi-Mesa Terrace : Excavations at La Cuenca del Sedimento, edited by T. Kathleen Henderson, pp. 303–333. Northland Research, Flagstaff, Arizona.Google Scholar
James, Steven R. 1990 La Lomita Archaeofauna. In The La Lomita Excavations : 10th Century Hohokam Occupation in South-Central Arizona, edited by Douglas R. Mitchell, pp. 145–168. Publications in Archaeology No. 15. Soil Systems, Phoenix, Arizona.Google Scholar
James, Steven R. 1993 Archaeofaunal Analysis of the Tator Hills Sites, South-central Arizona. In Archaic Occupation in the Santa Cruz Flats : The Tator Hills Archaeological Project, edited by Carl D. Halbirt and T. Kathleen Henderson, pp. 345–371. Northland Research, Flagstaff, Arizona.Google Scholar
James, Steven R. 1994 Hohokam Hunting and Fishing Patterns at Pueblo Grande : Results of the Archaeofaunal Analysis. In The Pueblo Grande Project, Volume 5 : Environment and Subsistence, edited by Kwiatkowski, Scott, pp. 249–318. Publications in Archaeology No. 20. Soil Systems, Phoenix, Arizona.Google Scholar
Johnson, Paul C. 1980 Archaeological Fauna From Gu Achi. In Excavations at Gu Achi : A Reappraisal of Hohokam Settlement and Subsistence in the Arizona Papaguería, by W. Bruce Masse, pp. 359–370. Publications in Anthropology No. 12. Western Archaeological and Conservation Center, National Park Center, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Johnson, Paul C. 1990 Faunal Remains. In Rincon Phase Seasonal Occupation in the Northeastern Tucson Basin, by Fred W. Huntington and Mary Bernard-Shaw, pp. 265–268. Anthropological Papers. Institute for American Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Kendall, James R. 2002 Faunal Remains from the Hohokam Community of Marana. Manuscript on file, Arizona State Museum Library, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Kent, Susan 1993 Variability in Faunal Assemblages : The Influence of Hunting Skill, Sharing, Dogs and Mode of Cooking on Faunal Remains at a Sedentary Kalahari Community. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 12 : 323–385.Google Scholar
Linares, Olga F. 1976 “Garden Hunting” in the American Tropics. Human Ecology 4 : 331–349.Google Scholar
Lyman, R. Lee 2003 The Influence of Time Averaging and Space Averaging on the Application of Foraging Theory in Zooarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science 30 : 595–610.Google Scholar
Mabry, Jonathan B. (editor) 1998a Archaeological Investigations of Early Village Sites in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley : Analyses and Synthesis Part I. Anthropological Papers No. 19. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Mabry, Jonathan B. (editor) 1998b Paleoindian and Archaic Sites in Arizona. Technical Report No. 97-7. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Matson, Richard G. 1991 The Origins of Southwestern Agriculture. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Mellink, Eric 1985 Agricultural Disturbance and Rodents : Three Farming Systems in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Arid Environments 8 : 207–222.Google Scholar
Mellink, Eric 1986 Some Ecological Characteristics of Three Dry Farming Systems in the San Luis Potasi Plateau, Mexico. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Minnis, Paul E. 1985 Domesticating People and Plants in the Greater Southwest. In Prehistoric Food Production in North America, edited by Richard I. Ford, pp. 309–339. Anthropological Papers No. 75. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Minnis, Paul E. 1992 Early Plant Cultivation in the Desert Borderlands of the American West. In The Origins of Agriculture : An International Perspective, edited by Wesley Cowan, C. and 2003 Morbidity and Mortality in a Classic-Period Hohokam Community. In Centuries of Decline during the Hohokam Classic Period at Pueblo Grande, edited by David R. Abbott, pp. 70–81. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Patty Jo Watson, pp. 121–41. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Nabhan, Gary|P, Rea, Amadeo M., Reichhardt, K. L., Eric, Melink, and Hutchinson, C. F. 1982 Papago Influences on Habitat and Biotic Diversity : Quitovac Oasis Ethnoecology. Journal of Ethnobiology 2 : 124–143.Google Scholar
Parmenter, Robert R., and Van Devender, Thomas R. 1995 Diversity, Spatial Variability, and Functional Roles of Vertebrates in Desert Grassland. In The Desert Grassland, edited by Mitchel P. McClaran and Thomas R. Van Devender, pp. 196–229. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Pearsall, Deborah M. 2000 Paleoethnobotany : A Handbook of Procedures. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Pierce, Linda J. 1987 Canis Remains. In The Archaeology of the San Xavier Bridge Site (AZ BB : 13 : 14) Tucson Basin, Southern Arizona, edited by John C. Ravesloot, pp. 443–455. Archaeological Series No. 171, Cultural Resource Management Division. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Potter, James M. 2001 Vertebrate Faunal Remains. In Farming Through the Ages : 3400 Years of Agriculture at the Valley Farms Site in the Northern Tucson Basin, edited by Kevin D. Wellman, pp. 293–304. Cultural Resource Report No. 98-226. SWCA, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Rea, Amadeo M. 1979 The Ecology of Pima Fields. Environment Southwest 484 : 8–15.Google Scholar
Rea, Amadeo M. 1983 Once a River : Bird Life and Habitat Changes on the Middle Gila. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Rea, Amadeo M. 1997 At the Desert's Green Edge : An Ethnobotany of the Gila River Pima. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Rea, Amadeo M. 1998 Folk Mammalogy of the Northern Pimans. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Reitz, Elizabeth J., and Wing, Elizabeth S. 1999 Zooarchaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rindos, David 1984 The Origins of Agriculture : An Evolutionary Perspective. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Roth, Barbara June 1989 Late Archaic Settlement and Subsistence in the Tucson Basin. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Roth, Barbara June 1992 Sedentary Agriculturalists or Mobile Hunter- Gatherers? Evidence on the Late Archaic Occupation of the Northern Tucson Basin. Kiva 57 : 291–314.Google Scholar
Roth, Barbara June 1996 Regional Land Use in the Late Archaic of the Tucson Basin : A View from the Upper Bajada. In Early Formative Adaptations in the Southern Southwest, edited by Barbara J. Roth, pp. 37–48. Monographs in World Archaeology No. 25. Prehistory Press, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Sheridan, Susan Guise 2001 Morbidity and Mortality in a Classic-Period Hohokam Community. In Ancient Burial Practices in the American Southwest : Archaeology, Physical Anthropology and Native American Perspectives, edited by Douglas R. Mitchell and Judy L. Brunson-Hadley, pp. 191–221. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Sheridan, Susan Guise 2003 Morbidity and Mortality in a Classic-Period Hohokam Community. In Centuries of Decline during the Hohokam Classic Period at Pueblo Grande, edited by David R. Abbott, pp. 70–81. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Silva, Marina, and Downing, John A. 1995 CRC Handbook of Mammalian Body Masses. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.Google Scholar
Simmons, Alan H. 1986 New Evidence for the Early Use of Cultigens in the American Southwest. American Antiquity 51 : 73–88.Google Scholar
Simons, L. H. 1991 Rodent Dynamics in Relation to Fire in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Mammalogy 72 : 518–524.Google Scholar
Sparling, John B. 1974 Analysis of Faunal Remains from the Escalante Ruin Group. In Excavations in the Escalante Ruin Group, Southern Arizona, by David E. Doyel, pp. 215–253. Archaeological Series No. 37. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Sparling, John B. 1978 Analysis of the Faunal Remains from the Miami Wash Project. In The Miami Wash Project : Hohokam and Sal- ado in the Globe-Miami Area, Central Arizona, by David E. Doyel, pp. 283–299. Contribution to Highway Salvage Archaeology in Arizona No. 52. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Speth, John D. 2000 Boiling vs. Baking and Roasting : A Taphonomic Approach to the Recognition of Cooking Techniques in Small Mammals. In Animal Bones, Human Societies, edited by Peter Rowley-Conwy, pp. 89–105. Oxbow Books, Oxford.Google Scholar
Stahl, Peter W. 2000 Archaeofaunal Accumulation, Fragmented Forests, and Anthropogenic Landscape Mosaics in the Tropical Lowlands of Prehispanic Ecuador. Latin American Antiquity 11 : 241–257.Google Scholar
Stratton, Susan K. 1995 Faunal Analysis. In The Sky Harbor Project : Early Desert Farming and Irrigation Settlements. Vol. 3 : Pueblo Salado, edited by David H. Greenwald, Mark L. Chenault and Dawn M. Greenwald, pp. 321–334. Anthropological Research Paper No. 4. SWCA, Flagstaff, Arizona.Google Scholar
Szuter, Christine Rose 1984 Faunal Exploitation and the Reliance on Small Animals among the Hohokam. In Hohokam Archaeology along the Salt-Gila Aqueduct, Central Arizona Project : Vol. 7. Environment and Subsistence, edited by Lynne S. Teague and Patricia L. Crown, pp. 139–169. Archaeological Series No. 150. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Szuter, Christine Rose 1985 The Faunal Evidence of Environment and Subsistence at the Valencia Road Site, AZ BB : 13 : 15. In Archaeological Investigations at the Valencia Site : A Pre-Classic Hohokam Village in the Southern Tucson Basin, edited by William H. Doelle. Anthropological Papers No. 3. Institute for American Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Szuter, Christine Rose 1986 Lagomorph and Artiodactyl Exploitation among the Inhabitants of the West Branch Site. In Archaeological Investigations at the West Branch Site : Early and Middle Rincon Occupation in the Southern Tucson Basin, edited by Fred W. Huntington, pp. 273–288. Anthropological Papers No 5. Institute for American Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Szuter, Christine Rose 1989a Hunting by Prehistoric Horticulturalists in the American Southwest. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Szuter, Christine Rose 1989b Spatial and Temporal Intra-site Variability in the Faunal Assemblage at the Las Colinas Site. In The 1982-1984 Excavations at Las Colinas : Vol. 5. Environment and Subsistence, by Donald A. Graybill, David A. Gregory, Fred Niais, Suzanne Fish, Robert Gasser, Charles Miksicek, and Christine Szuter, pp. 117–149. Archaeological Series No. 162. Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Szuter, Christine Rose 1991 Hunting by Prehistoric Horticulturists in the American Southwest. Garland, New York.Google Scholar
Szuter, Christine R., and Brown, Gwen Lerner 1986 Faunal Remains from the Tanque Verde Wash Site. In Archaeological Investigations at the Tanque Verde Wash Site A Middle Rincon Settlement in the Eastern Tucson Basin, edited by Mark D. Elson, pp. 337–359. Anthropological Papers No. 7. Institute for American Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Tangri, Daniel, and Wyncoll, Greg 1989 Of Mice and Men : Is the Presence of Commensal Animals in Archaeological Sites a Positive Correlate of Sedentism? Paléorient 15 : 85–94.Google Scholar
Tchernov, Eitan 1984 Commensal Animals and Human Sedentism in the Middle East. In Animals and Archaeology, edited by Juliet Clutton-Brock and Caroline Grigson, pp. 91–115. BAR International Series No. 202. BAR, Oxford.Google Scholar
Tchernov, Eitan 1991 Biological Evidence for Human Sedentism in Southwest Asia During the Natufian. In The Natufian Culture in the Levant, edited by Ofer Bar-Yosef and François R. Valla, pp. 315–340. Archaeology Series No. 1. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Thiel, J. Homer 1998 Faunal Remains. In Archaeological Investigations of Early Village Sites in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley : Analyses and Synthesis Part I, edited by Jonathan B. Mabry, pp. 165–208. Anthropological Papers No. 19. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Valone, Thomas J., and Brown, James H. 1995 Effects of Competition, Colonization, and Extinction on Rodent Species Diversity. Science 267 : 880–883.Google Scholar
Waters, Jennifer A. 1998 Vertebrate Faunal Remains from the Wetlands Site. In Archaeological Investigations at the Wetlands Site, AZ AA : 12 : 90 (ASM), edited by Andrea K. L. Freeman, pp. 205–228. Technical Report No. 97-5. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Waters, Jennifer A. 2000 Vertebrate Fauna from Sunset Mesa. In Excavations at Sunset Mesa Ruin, edited by Michael W. Lindeman, pp. 177–194. Technical Report No. 2000-02. Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Waters, Jennifer A. 2003a Vertebrate Faunal Remains and Hunting Patterns During the Early Agricultural Period in Southern Arizona. In The Organization of Resource Use in a Desert Landscape : The Early Agricultural Period in Southern Arizona (draft), edited by Michael W. Diehl. Anthropological Papers No. 34. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Waters, Jennifer A. 2003b Appendix D : Canid Remains from Special Contexts at Las Capas and Los Pozo. In The Early Agricultural Period in Southern Arizona : Material Culture (draft), edited by R. Jane Sliva. Anthropological Papers No. 35, Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Weaver, Donald E., Jr. 1988 Faunal Studies. In Hohokam Settlement Along the Slopes of the Picacho Mountains, Volume 5 : Environment and Subsistence, edited by Martha M. Callahan. Research Paper 35. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Wegener, Robert 2004 Vertebrate Faunal Remains (Julian Wash Site). Data on file at Statistical Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Whittlesey, Stephanie, and Ciolek-Torrello, Richard 1996 The Archaic-Formative Transition in the Tucson Basin. In Early Formative Adaptations in the Southern Southwest, edited by Roth, Barbara J., pp. 49–64. Monographs in World Archaeology No. 25. Prehistory Press, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Wills, W. H. 1988 Early Prehistoric Agriculture in the American Southwest. School of American Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Wills, W. H. 1990 Cultivating Ideas : The Changing Intellectual History of the Introduction of Agriculture in the American Southwest. In Perspectives on Southwestern Prehistory, edited by Paul E. Minnis and Charles L. Redman, pp. 319–332. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Wills, W. H. 1995 Archaic Foraging and the Beginning of Food production in the American Southwest. In Last Hunters First Farmers, edited by T. Douglas Price and Anne Birgitte Gebauer, pp. 215–242. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Wills, W. H., and Huckell, Bruce B. 1994 Economic Implications of Changing Land-Use Patterns in the Late Archaic. In Themes in Southwest Prehistory, edited by George J. Gumerman, pp. 33–52. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Wöcherl, Helga 1999 Faunal Remains. In Excavations in the Santa Cruz River Floodplain : The Middle Archaic Component at Los Pozos, edited by David A. Gregory, pp. 61–73. Anthropological Papers No. 20. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Wöcherl, Helga 2000 Faunal Remains. In Excavations in the Santa Cruz River Floodplain : The Early Agricultural Period Component at Los Pozos, edited by David A. Gregory, pp. 209–236. Anthropological Papers No. 21. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Wyncoll, Greg and Tangri, Daniel 1991 The Origins of Commensalism and Human Sedentism. Paléorient 17 : 157–159.Google Scholar
Yohe, Robert M., Newman, Margaret E., Schneider, Joan S. 1991 Immunological Identification of Small-Mammal Proteins on Aboriginal Milling Equipment. American Antiquity 56:659-666.Identification of Small-Mammal Proteins on Aboriginal Milling Equipment. American Antiquity 56 : 659–666.Google Scholar