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Polyvalent Metaphors in South-Central California Missionary Processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

David Robinson
David Robinson*
Affiliation:
School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom, PR1 2HE (dwrobinson@uclan.ac.uk)
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Abstract

The Spanish missionary entrada (A.D. 1769 to 1833) along the California coast created a series of complex encounters between multiple cultural discourses. The Franciscan mission system directly brought colonial and indigenous cultural metaphorical understandings into play. Missionary and indigenous discourse interacted largely via the media of material culture, animals, embellished architecture, and landscape—media interpreted through preexisting cultural metaphors and understandings. Investigating how metaphors played a role in constituting colonial entanglements is important in understanding cultural interactions and change. Metaphors structured colonial interactions, simultaneously hindering and enabling missionary–indigenous relationships. These relationships created parameters for unforeseen transitory configurations: a process best theorized under the term polyvalence. By adopting polyvalence, the processes of colonialism can be approached without usage of ethnic or racialized terms such as creolization, hybridity, or amalgamation. In the case of indigenous south-central California, it is suggested here that widely different forms of evidence can be better appreciated without recourse to terms laden with racial or ethnic connotations. The evidence suggests that while missions may have failed to create entirely new ethnic groups, missionary endeavors did result in unanticipated outcomes, presenting problems and creative opportunities for indigenous groups living within immediate coastal and extended interior populations.

Resumen

Resumen

La entrada de misioneros Españoles por la costa de California (del 1769 al 1833) creo una serie de encuentros complejos entre multiples discursos culturales. El sistema de Misiones Franciscano conllevo directamente a traer en juego conocimientos culturales metafóricos coloniales y indígenas. Discursos misioneros y indígenas interactuaban mayormente mediante el medio de cultura material, animales, arquitectura revestida, y el paisaje—medios que fueron interpretados usando conocimientos y metáforas culturales pre-existentes. El estudio de cómo metáforas jugaron un rol en la construcción de encuentros coloniales es importante para entender interacciones culturales y cambios. Metáforas estructuraron las interacciones coloniales, al mismo tiempo que obstaculizaron y permitieron relaciones entre misioneros y indígenas. Estas relaciones crearon parámetros de configuraciones transitorias no-predecibles: un proceso mejor teorizado bajo el nombre polivalencia. En adoptar polivalencia, los procesos de colonialismo pueden ser revistados sin el uso de términos étnicos o racializantes como criollización, hibridad, o amalgacíon. En el caso de la California sur central Indígena, aquí sugerimos que la vasta gama de evidencia se puede apreciar mejor sin tener que recluir a términos con tanto peso racial o étnico. La evidencia sugiere que aun cuando las Misiones fracasaron en crear grupos étnicos completamente nuevos, los emprendimientos misioneros si engendraron resultados inesperados, resultados que prestaron problemas y oportunidades creativas para los grupos indígenas que vivían en la costa cercana al igual que para las poblaciones del extenso interior.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 78 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 302 - 321
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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