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North American Paleoindian Eyed Bone Needles: Morphometrics, Sewing, and Site Structure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

R. Lee Lyman
R. Lee Lyman*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (lymanr@missouri.edu)
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Abstract

Eyed bone needles have been recovered from Paleoindian sites over the last 70 years. Specimens 13,100–10,000 calendar years old average 1.81 ± .58 mm in diameter, similar to 2500–1000 year-old specimens in the Aleutians which average 1.67 mm in diameter. Use of industrial steel needles and experiments with replicated bone needles indicate the broken eyes and mid-length fractures of Paleoindian bone needles are the result of use. Some specimens said to be Paleoindian eyed bone needles are ≤ 3 mm in diameter and likely represent behaviors distinct from those with diameters ≤ 2.9 mm. Many smalldiameter needles have been recovered from sites that also produced ornaments. Small-diameter Paleoindian needles may have been used to attach decorative items to clothing; decorative items could have served as identity icons as human groups became sedentary and established home ranges a few centuries after colonization. Paleoindian residential sites that have produced multiple specimens of small-diameter needles reveal clustering of needle specimens in limited areas, and Varying degrees of association with hide-preparation and needle manufacture and maintenance tools such as gravers, scrapers, and awls. Paleoindians, like some ethnographically documented people and some industrial-age people, had sewing specific activity loci.

Agujas de hueso con ojo han sido recuperadas de sitios Paleoindios en los últimos 70 años. Especímenes de 13.000–10.000 años de calendario promedian 1,81±,58mm en diámetro, similar a especímenes de 2.500–1.000 años en las Aleutianas los cuales promedian 1,67mm en diámetro. El uso de agujas de acero industrial y experimentos replicando agujas de hueso indican que los ojos rotos y las fracturas de longitud de agujas Paleoindias de hueso con ojo son el resultado de uso. Algunos especímenes dichos ser agujas Paleoindias de hueso con ojo son de ≤ 3 mm de diámetro y probablemente representan usos diferentes a esas con diámetros de ≥2,9 mm. Muchas agujas de diámetro pequeño han sido recuperadas de sitios que también producían adornos. Agujas Paleoindias de diámetro pequeño pudieron haber sido usadas para sujetar artículos decorativos a ropa; artículos decorativos pudieron haber servido cómo iconos de identidad mientras que grupos humanos se hicieron más sedentarios y establecieron ámbitos de hogar unas centenas después de la colonización. Sitios de residencia Paleoìndia que han producido especímenes múltiples de agujas de diámetro pequeño revelan agrupamientos de especímenes de agujas en áreas limitadas, y niveles variantes de asociación con preparación de cuero y producción de agujas y herramientas de mantenimiento como grabadores, raspadores y punzones. Paleoindios, como otros grupos de personas documentados etnograficamente y algunas personas de la era industrial, tenían lugares específicos de costura.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 80 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 146 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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