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The Explanation of Artifact Variability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michael Brian Schiffer  and
James M. Skibo
Michael Brian Schiffer
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
James M. Skibo
Affiliation:
4640 Anthropology Program, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4640
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Abstract

We furnish a theoretical framework for explaining that portion of formal variability in artifacts attributable to the behavior of the artisan. Major causal factors are the artisan's knowledge and experience, extent of feedback on performance in activities along the artifact's behavioral chain, situational factors in behavioral chain activities, technological constraints, and social processes of conflict and negotiation. In identifying the causal factors at work in a specific case, the investigator must focus analytically on activities-that is, on people-people, people-artifact, and artifact-artifact interactions-and on the performance characteristics relevant to each. Application of this behavioral framework allows abandonment of many cherished but unhelpful concepts, including style and function. Ceramic artifacts, the low-fired, clay cooking pot in particular, are employed for illustrative purposes.

Se propone un marco teórico para explicar esa porción de variabilidad formal en artefactos que es atribuible a la conducta del artesano. Los factores causales más importantes son el conocimiento y experiencia del artesano, el alcance de las evaluaciones sobre el desempeño del artefacto en actividades a lo largo de su cadena conductual, factores circunstanciales en las actividades de la cadena conductual, constreñimientos tecnológicos, y procesos sociales de conflicto y negociación. Se demuestra que, al identificar los factores causales activos en un caso específico, el investigador debe enfocar su análisis en actividades—en otras palabras, en las interacciones que ocurren entre gente-gente, gente-artefacto, y artefacto-artefacto—y en las caracteristicas de desempeno relevantes para cada tipo de interaccion. La aplicacion de este marco conductual permite que se abandonen muchos conceptos atesorados pero inútiles, incluyendo estilo y función. Artefactos cerámicos, en particular la alla de cocina, se emplean para ilustrar estas ideas.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 62 , Issue 1 , January 1997 , pp. 27 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1997

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References

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