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Costly Signaling and Gendered Social Strategies among Slaves in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake: An Archaeological Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jillian E. Galle
Jillian E. Galle*
Affiliation:
The Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery, Monticello Department of Archaeology, P.O. Box 316, Charlottesville, Virginia 22902 (jgalle@monticello.org)
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Abstract

Evolutionary approaches to agency offer some of the most promising frameworks for identifying individual agents and their archaeological correlates. Agency theory calls attention to the individual as the fundamental feature of human relations, and evolutionary theory provides historically situated models that allow archaeologists to precisely investigate the complex behavioral strategies that underlie artifact patterns. The following paper offers one such model. Using data from 41 slave-site occupations from eighteenth-century Virginia, I explore how and why enslaved African Americans actively participated in the burgeoning "consumer revolution" that swept across the early modern Atlantic World. Artifact patterning suggests that the acquisition and display of costly imported goods functioned as a form of communication for slaves in both public and private venues. The data show that enslaved women and men used several different consumption strategies to solidify social and economic relationships within precarious and rapidly changing environments. Signaling theory, derived from evolutionary theory, illuminates the contextual factors that structured slaves’ consumer choices and provides a model for understanding their choices as the result of dynamic and mutually beneficial behaviors.

Resumen

Resumen

Los enfoques evolutivos a la agencia ofrecen algunos de los esquemas más prometedores para identificar las estrategias y las respuestas de los agentes individuales a otros actores. Mientras que la teoría de la agencia llama la atención al individuo como la característica fundamental de las relaciones humanas, la teoría evolutiva proporciona modelos históricamente situados que permiten que los arqueólogos investiguen con precisión las estrategias complejas del comportamiento que subyacen los patrones de nuestros artefactos. Este ensayo ofrece un tal modelo. Usando datos de 41 yacimientos de esclavos, ocupados durante el siglo XVIII en Virginia, exploro cómo y por qué los afroamericanos esclavizados participaron activamente en la floreciente "revolución del consumidor" que se extendió a través del mundo atlántico a principios de la Edad Moderna. El patrón en los artefactos sugiere que la adquisición y la exhibición de artículos costosos importados funcionaron como una forma de comunicación para los esclavos en locales públicos y privados. Los datos demuestran que las mujeres y los hombres esclavizados utilizaron diversas estrategias de consumo para solidificar las relaciones sociales y económicas dentro de ambientes precarios y rápidamente cambiantes. La teoría de señalización, derivada de la teoría evolutiva, aclara los factores contextuales que estructuraron las opciones de consumo de los esclavos y proporciona un modelo para entender sus opciones como resultado de comportamientos dinámicos y mutuamente beneficiosos.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 75 , Issue 1 , January 2010 , pp. 19 - 43
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2010

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