Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xm8r8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-22T23:58:11.010Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Temporal aspects of wellbeing in later life: gardening among older African Americans in Detroit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2019

Jessica C. Robbins*
Affiliation:
Institute of Gerontology, Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Kimberly A. Seibel
Affiliation:
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author. Email: jessica.robbins@wayne.edu

Abstract

Gardening has well-established physical, social and emotional benefits for older adults in varied circumstances. In Detroit, Michigan (United States of America), as in many cities, policy makers, funders, researchers, community organisations and residents regard gardening as a means of transforming bodies, persons, communities, cities and broader polities. We draw on ethnographic research conducted during one gardening season with 27 older African Americans in Detroit to foreground the social dimensions of wellbeing in later life and thus develop a more robust and nuanced understanding of gardening's benefits for older adults. Based on anthropological understandings of personhood and kinship, this article expands concepts of wellbeing to include social relations across multiple scales (individual, interpersonal, community, state) and temporalities (of the activity itself, experiences of ageing, city life). Even when performed alone, gardening fosters connections with the past, as gardeners are reminded of deceased loved ones through practices and the plants themselves, and with the future, through engagement with youth and community. Elucidating intimate connections and everyday activities of older African American long-term city residents counters anti-black discourses of ‘revitalisation’. An expansive concept of wellbeing has implications for understanding the generative potential of meaningful social relations in later life and the vitality contributed by older adults living in contexts of structural inequality.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Archambault, JS (2016) Taking love seriously in human–plant relations in Mozambique: toward an anthropology of affective encounters. Cultural Anthropology 31, 244271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, D (2000) A survey of community gardens in upstate New York: implications for health promotion and community development. Health & Place 6, 319327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashton-Shaeffer, C and Constant, A (2006) Why do older adults garden? Activities, Adaptation & Aging 30, 118.Google Scholar
Austin, EN, Johnston, YAM and Morgan, LL (2006) Community gardening in a senior center: a therapeutic intervention to improve the health of older adults. Therapeutic Recreation Journal 40, 4856.Google Scholar
Berman, MG, Jonides, J and Kaplan, S (2008) The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature. Psychological Science 19, 12071212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatti, M (2006) ‘When I'm in the garden I can create my own paradise’: homes and gardens in later life. Sociological Review 54, 318341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borneman, J (1997) Caring and being cared for: displacing marriage, kinship, gender and sexuality. International Social Science Journal 49, 573584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyes, M (2012) Outdoor adventure and successful ageing. Ageing & Society 33, 644665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, CL (1986) Learning How to Ask: A Sociolinguistic Appraisal of the Role of the Interview in Social Science Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buch, ED (2015) Anthropology of aging and care. Annual Review of Anthropology 44, 277293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buch, ED (2018) Inequalities of Aging: Paradoxes of Independence in American Home Care. New York, NY: New York University Press. Available at http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wayne/detail.action?docID=5092055.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buse, C and Twigg, J (2016) Materialising memories: exploring the stories of people with dementia through dress. Ageing & Society 36, 11151135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmody, D (2018) A Growing City: Detroit's Rich Tradition of Urban Gardens Plays an Important Role in the City's Resurgence. Available at https://urbanland.uli.org/industry-sectors/public-spaces/growing-city-detroits-rich-tradition-urban-gardens-plays-important-role-citys-resurgence/.Google Scholar
Carsten, J (1995) The substance of kinship and the heat of the hearth: feeding, personhood, and relatedness among Malays in Pulau Langkawi. American Ethnologist 22, 223241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carsten, J (ed.) (2000) Cultures of Relatedness: New Approaches to the Study of Kinship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Carsten, J (ed.) (2007) Ghosts of Memory: Essays on Remembrance and Relatedness. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Cohen, L (1998) No Aging in India: Alzheimer's, the Bad Family, and Other Modern Things. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, J and Durham, DL (eds) (2007) Generations and Globalization: Youth, Age, and Family in the New World Economy, Vol. 3. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, KW (1989) Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum 139, 139167.Google Scholar
Degnen, C (2009) On vegetable love: gardening, plants, and people in the north of England. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 15, 151167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Degnen, C (2015) Socialising place attachment: place, social memory and embodied affordances. Ageing & Society 36, 16451667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emerson, RM, Fretz, RI and Shaw, LL (1995) Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, EF (2014) The Good Life: Aspiration, Dignity, and the Anthropology of Wellbeing. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franklin, S and McKinnon, S (2001) Relative values: reconfiguring kinship studies. In Franklin, S and McKinnon, S (eds), Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, C, Dickinson, KJM, Porter, S and van Heezik, Y (2012) ‘My garden is an expression of me’: exploring householders’ relationships with their gardens. Journal of Environmental Psychology 32, 135143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazan, H (1987) Holding time still with cups of tea. In Douglas, M (ed.), Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 205219.Google Scholar
Heliker, D, Chadwick, A and O'Connell, T (2001) The meaning of gardening and the effects on perceived well being of a gardening project on diverse populations of elders. Activities, Adaptation & Aging 24, 3556.Google Scholar
Hockey, J, Penhale, B and Sibley, D (2002) Landscapes of loss: spaces of memory, times of bereavement. Ageing & Society 21, 739757.Google Scholar
Infantino, M (2004) Gardening: a strategy for health promotion in older women. Journal of the New York State Nurses Association 35, 1017.Google ScholarPubMed
Johnston, BR, Colson, E, Falk, D, St John, G, Bodley, JH, McCay, BJ, Wali, A, Nordstrom, C and Slyomovics, S (2012) On happiness. American Anthropologist 114, 618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, SR (1986) The Ageless Self: Sources of Meaning in Late Life. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Keane, W (2014) Affordances and reflexivity in ethical life: an ethnographic stance. Anthropological Theory 14, 326.Google Scholar
Kvale, S and Brinkmann, S (2015) InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Lamb, S (2014) Permanent personhood or meaningful decline? Toward a critical anthropology of successful aging. Journal of Aging Studies 29, 4152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawson, LJ (2005) City Bountiful: A Century of Community Gardening in America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Y and Kim, S (2008) Effects of indoor gardening on sleep, agitation, and cognition in dementia patients – a pilot study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 23, 485489.Google ScholarPubMed
Luborsky, MR (1994 a) The cultural adversity of physical disability: erosion of full adult personhood. Journal of Aging Studies 8, 239253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luborsky, MR (1994 b) The retirement process: making the person and cultural meanings malleable. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 8, 411429.Google ScholarPubMed
Mathews, G and Izquierdo, C (eds) (2009) Pursuits of Happiness: Well-being in Anthropological Perspective. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
McKinnon, S and Cannell, F (2013) The difference kinship makes. In McKinnon, S and Cannell, F (eds), Vital Relations: Modernity and the Persistent Life of Kinship. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press, pp. 338.Google Scholar
Milligan, C, Gatrell, A and Bingley, A (2004) ‘Cultivating health’: therapeutic landscapes and older people in northern England. Social Science & Medicine 58, 17811793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, G, Rocha, C and Poynting, S (2005) Grafting cultures: longing and belonging in immigrants’ gardens and backyards in Fairfield. Journal of Intercultural Studies 26, 93105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicklett, EJ, Anderson, LA and Yen, IH (2016) Gardening activities and physical health among older adults: a review of the evidence. Journal of Applied Gerontology 35, 678690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, S-A, Shoemaker, CA and Haub, MD (2009) Physical and psychological health conditions of older adults classified as gardeners or nongardeners. HortScience 44, 206210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitt, H (2014) Therapeutic experiences of community gardens: putting flow in its place. Health & Place 27, 8491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pothukuchi, K (2015) Five decades of community food planning in Detroit: city and grassroots, growth and equity. Journal of Planning Education and Research 35, 419434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulsen, MN, Hulland, KRS, Gulas, CA, Pham, H, Dalglish, SL, Wilkinson, RK and Winch, PJ (2014) Growing an urban oasis: a qualitative study of the perceived benefits of community gardening in Baltimore, Maryland. Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment 36, 6982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Relf, PD (1982) Consumer horticulture: a psychological perspective. HortScience 17, 317319.Google Scholar
Robbins-Ruszkowski, JC (2013) Challenging marginalization at the universities of the third age in Poland. Anthropology & Aging 34, 157169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robbins-Ruszkowski, J (2017) Responsibilities of the third age and the intimate politics of sociality in Poland. In Trnka, S and Trundle, C (eds), Competing Responsibilities: The Ethics and Politics of Contemporary Life. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 193212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, JJP and Troutman-Jordan, ML (2015) Back to basics: health and wellness benefits of gardening in older adults. Activities, Adaptation & Aging 39, 291306.Google Scholar
Scharlach, AE and Lehning, AJ (2013) Ageing-friendly communities and social inclusion in the United States of America. Ageing & Society 33, 110136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, TL, Masser, BM and Pachana, NA (2015) Exploring the health and wellbeing benefits of gardening for older adults. Ageing & Society 35, 21762200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sommerfeld, AJ, McFarland, AL, Waliczek, TM and Zajicek, JM (2010) Growing minds: evaluating the relationship between gardening and fruit and vegetable consumption in older adults. HortTechnology 20, 711717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stovall, M and Hill, AB (2016) Blackness in post-bankruptcy Detroit: racial politics and public discourse. North American Dialogue 19, 117127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugrue, TJ (2005) The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit, Revised Edn. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, W (1995) The Eden Alternative: Nature, Hope, and Nursing Homes. Sherburne, NY: Eden Alternative Foundation.Google Scholar
Torres, S (2015) Expanding the gerontological imagination on ethnicity: conceptual and theoretical perspectives. Ageing & Society 35, 935960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treskon, M, Pendall, R, Schilling, J, Hedman, C and Gastner, J (2017) Southeast Michigan Housing Futures: A Converging Story for the Detroit Metropolitan Area (Research report). Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Available at https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/92251/detroit_housing_futures_-_a_converging_story_for_southeast_michigan_finalized_0.pdf.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau (2018 a) Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 (Population Estimates). Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, Population Division. Available at https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau (2018 b) Poverty in the Past 12 Months, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau. Available at https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_17_1YR_S1701&prodType=table.Google Scholar
van den Berg, AE, van Winsum-Westra, M, de Vries, S and van Dillen, SM (2010) Allotment gardening and health: a comparative survey among allotment gardeners and their neighbors without an allotment. Environmental Health 9, 74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Gennep, A (1960) The Rites of Passage. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wang, D and Glicksman, A (2013) ‘Being grounded’: benefits of gardening for older adults in low-income housing. Journal of Housing for the Elderly 27, 89104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, D and MacMillan, T (2013) The benefits of gardening for older adults: a systematic review of the literature. Activities, Adaptation & Aging 37, 153181.Google Scholar
White, MM (2011 a) D-Town Farm: African American resistance to food insecurity and the transformation of Detroit. Environmental Practice 13, 406417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, MM (2011 b) Sisters of the soil: urban gardening as resistance in Detroit. Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts 5, 1328.Google Scholar