During the American Revolution, the British blockade succeeded in destroying virtually all of the Massachusetts navy, a considerable amount of the state's privateers and fishing vessels, and most of New Bedford's whaling fleet. At the end of the war, England closed her own ports, as well as those of her West Indian possessions, to American trade France and Spain similarly forbade American commerce with their West Indian colonies. In addition, the former American colonies themselves imposed state tariffs that discouraged coastwise trade.