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Witchcraft as an Issue in the “Politics of Belonging”: Democratization and Urban Migrants' Involvement with the Home Village

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

Abstract:

In many parts of Africa, political liberalization seems to have given new impetus to the “politics of belonging,” leading to an obsession with “autochthony.” Thus the continuing relations of urban migrants with their home area tend to be reaffirmed. However, these relations, marked by an explosive mixture of intimacy and inequality, continue also to be a hotbed for witchcraft rumors. In this article we compare two different cases, from different parts of Cameroon, of witchcraft threats and efforts to contain them in the context of rural-urban relations. In both cases, the accusations are the same—they refer to a novel form of zombie witchcraft attributed to the nouveaux riches—but they are dealt with in a strikingly different manner. A Grassfields chief from the Northwest challenges the authority of the state by arresting three witchcraft suspects among his subjects in the faraway Southwest. In the segmentary societies of the southern forest area, urban elites appeal to the state for protection against vicious witchcraft accusations.

The increased importance of “belonging” and “autochthony” in national politics makes witchcraft more and more a public issue, triggering new efforts to contain it in which the new associations of urban elites play a central role. However, the effectiveness of such efforts remains doubtful: the increased importance of the relations between urban elites and the home area tends to reproduce witchcraft, which is, indeed, thriving on such an explosive mixture of intimacy and blatant inequality.

Résumé:

Résumé:

Dans plusieurs parties de l'Afrique, la libéralisation politique semble avoir donné un nouvel élan à la “politique de l'appartenance”, menant ainsi à une obsession de “l'authenticité”. De ce fait, les relations entre les immigrés urbains et leur lieu d'origine tendent à se raffermir davantage. Cependant, ces relations, marquées par un mélange explosif d'intimité et d'inégalité, continuent aussi de faire l'objet de rumeurs de sorcellerie. Dans cet article nous comparons deux cas différents de menace de sorcellerie et d'efforts de les contrôler dans le cadre des relations ville/campagne dans différentes parties du Cameroun. Dans tous les deux cas, les accusations sont les mêmes-il s'agit d'une nouvelle forme de sorcellerie attribuée aux nouveaux riches-mais ces accusations sont traitées de manières totalement différentes. Un chef Grassfield du nord-ouest défie les autorités de l'état en arrêtant trois de ses sujets accusés de sorcellerie dans la région lointaine du sud-ouest. Dans les sociétés segmentées de la zone forestière du sud, les élites urbaines font appel à l'état pour se faire protéger contre des accusations de sorcellerie.

L'importance croissante de “l'appartenance” et de “l'authenticité” dans la vie politique nationale transforme de plus en plus la sorcellerie en un problème public, et engendre de nouveaux efforts de la contrôler, efforts dans lesquels les nouvelles associations des élites urbaines jouent un rôle central. Cependant, l'efficacité de tels efforts demeure incertaine: l'importance croissante des relations entre les élites urbaines et leur lieu d'origine tend à reproduire la sorcellerie qui atteint de nouvelles dimensions sur ce mélange explosif d'intimité et d'inégalité criarde.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1998

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