Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-tn8tq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-20T03:05:40.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The evolution of the ‘wheat trap’: the Nigerian wheat boom

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Kevin Kimmage
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Résumé

Dans les années 1970 des travaux d'irrigation à grande échelle au Nigeria n'ont pas réussi à produire l'équivalent de blé nécessaire à remplacer la quantité importée, ce qui était en grande partie la raison d'être du projet. La détermination Nigerienne à atteindre son autosurfisance en blé s'est poursuivie par la voie des procédés ADP, depuis peu en expansion. Après avoir souligné la conjonction des faits qui ont conduit à la formation du premier ‘piège du blé’ envisagé par Andrae et Beckman (1985), cet article montre par la suite comment le système ADP établi dans l'Etat de Kano a apporté des changements considérables dans les habitudes agricoles et les modèles de production, à l'intérieur même de l'état. Il est argumenté que, à long terme, les conséquences socio-économiques, agronomiques, écologiques et pédologiques des politiques de substituts de blé importé actuellement menées par le gouvernement fédéral, pourraient être désastreuses pour la production alimentaire du Nigeria du Nord.

Type
Research Article
Information
Africa , Volume 61 , Issue 4 , October 1991 , pp. 471 - 501
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abalu, G. O. I., and D'Silva, B. 1980. ‘Nigeria's food situation: problems and prospects’, Food Policy 5 (1), 49–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, W. M. 1985. ‘River basin planning in Nigeria’, Applied Geography 5 (2), 297–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, W. M. 1986. ‘Traditional water use in the Sokoto valley, Nigeria’, Geographical Journal 152 (1), 30–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, W. M. 1987. ‘Approaches to water resource development, Sokoto Valley, Nigeria: the problem of sustainability’, in Anderson, D. and Grove, R. (eds.), Conservation in Africa, pp. 307–25. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Adams, W. M., and Grove, A. T. (eds.). 1984. Irrigation in Tropical Africa. Cambridge African Monograph No. 3, Cambridge: African Studies Department, Cambridge University.Google Scholar
Adams, W. M., and Hollis, G. E. 1989. Hydrology and Sustainable Resource Development of a Sahelian Floodplain Wetland. London: Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands Conservation Project.Google Scholar
Alegwu, L. E. 1985. ‘Land tenure as a constraint on agricultural development in Nigeria’, in Nwosu, J. (ed.), Achieving Even Development in Nigeria, pp. 229–40. Enugu: Fourth Dimension.Google Scholar
Andrae, G., and Beckman, B. 1985. The Wheat Trap. London: Zed Press.Google Scholar
Beckman, B. 1987. ‘Public investment and agrarian transformation in northern Nigeria’, in Watts, M. J. (ed.), State Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, pp. 110–37. Berkeley, Cal.: IIS, University of California.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P. 1985. The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P., and Brookefield, H. (eds.). 1987. Land Degradation and Society. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Braun, J., and Von Peutz, D. 1987. ‘An African fertiliser crisis’, Food Policy 12 (4), 337–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CBN, Central Bank of Nigeria. 1982. Nigeria's Principal Economic and Financial Indicators, 1970-1980. Lagos: CBN.Google Scholar
Chidebelu, A. N., Ames, G. W., and Brown, E. E. 1980. ‘Land use in Nigeria’, Food Policy 5 (4), 306–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, W. and Morrison, J. 1987. ‘Land mismanagement and the development initiative in Fiji’, in Blaikie, P. and Brookefield, H. (eds),Land Degradation and Society, pp. 176–85. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Clough, P., and Williams, G. 1987. ‘Decoding Berg: the World Bank in rural northern Nigeria’, in Watts, M. J. (ed.), State Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, pp. 168–201. Berkeley, Cal.: IIS, University of California.Google Scholar
Daniel, M. B. 1987. ‘The significance of post-implementation monitoring in land development projects’, in Mortimore, M.et al. (eds.), Perspectives on Land Administration and Development in Northern Nigeria, pp. 198–209. Kano: Department of Geography, Bayero University.Google Scholar
Dinham, B. and Hines, C. 1983. Agribusiness in Africa. London: Earth Resources Research.Google Scholar
Diyam Consultants. 1987. Shallow Aquifer Study: final report, 4 vols. Kano: unpublished report commissioned by KNARDA.Google Scholar
Douglas, G. K. 1984. Agricultural Sustainability in a Changing World Order. Epping: Bowker.Google Scholar
Due, J. M. 1986. ‘Agricultural policy in tropical Africa: is a turnaround possible?’, Agricultural Economics 1(1), 19–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economist Intelligence Unit. 1983-1990, (annually). Country Profile: Nigeria, London: The Economist.Google Scholar
Economist Intelligence Unit. 1983-1890, (quarterly). Country Report: Nigeria. London: The Economist.Google Scholar
Etuk, E. G. and Abalu, G. O. I. 1982. ‘River basin development in northern Nigeria: a case study of the Bakalori project’, in Proceedings of the 4th Afro-Asian Regional Meeting of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, pp. 335–46. Lagos: ICII.Google Scholar
FAO, and Agriculture Organisation. 1965-1990. Production Yearbook. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
FAO, and Agriculture Organisation 1965-1990. Trade Yearbook. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Forrest, T. 1981. ‘Agricultural policies in Nigeria 1900-78’, in Heyer, J.et al., (eds.) Rural Development in Tropical Africa, pp. 222–58. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franke, R., and Chasin, B. H. 1980. Seeds of Famine: ecological destruction and the development dilemma in the western Sahel. Totowa, N.J.: Allenheld Osman.Google Scholar
Franke, R., and Chasin, B. H. 1981. ‘Peasants, peanuts, profits and pastoralists’, Ecologist 11 (4), 156–68.Google Scholar
Gray, S. 1989. ‘Food for thought for smugglers’, Financial Times Nigeria Supplement, 6 March.Google Scholar
HJRBDA, Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Development Authority. 1986. Annual Report, 1986. Kano: HJRBDA.Google Scholar
Hansen, A. and McMillan, D. E. (eds.). 1986. Food in sub-Saharan Africa. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, H., Borlaug, N. E., and Anderson, R. G. 1982. Wheat in the Third World. Epping: Bowker.Google Scholar
Hettne, B. 1990. Development Theory and the Three Worlds. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Heyer, J., Roberts, P., and Williams, G. (eds.). 1981. Rural Development in Tropical Africa. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, P. 1986. Development Economics on Trial: the anthropological case for the prosecution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IAR, Institute for Agricultural Research. 1982. ‘Progress Report on the Irrigation Research Programme, 1981-1982’. Samaru, Nigeria: IAR (mimeo).Google Scholar
IAR, Institute for Agricultural Research. 1984. ‘Progress Report on the Irrigation Research Programme, 1983-1984’. Samaru, Nigeria: IAR (mimeo).Google Scholar
Ihonvbere, J. O., and Shaw, T. M. 1988. Towards a Political Economy of Nigeria. Aldershot: Gower.Google Scholar
Jones, M. J. 1973. ‘The organic matter content of the savanna soils of West Africa’, Samaru Research Bulletin 186 (IAR, Samaru, Nigeria), 42–53.Google Scholar
Juma, C. 1988. The Gene Hunters. London: Zed Press.Google Scholar
Kimmage, K. 1989. ‘Small-scale Irrigation: solutions or alternative problems?’ Paper to the second Workshop on Land Administration and Development in Northern Nigeria, Department of Geography, Bayero University, Kano, March.Google Scholar
Kimmage, K. 1990. ‘Nigeria's home-grown dustbowl’, New Scientist 1724, 42–4.Google Scholar
Kimmage, K. 1991. ‘Small-scale irrigation in Nigeria: the questions of equity and sustainability’, Applied Geography 11 (1), 5–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimmage, K., and Adams, W. M. 1990. ‘Small-scale farmer-managed irrigation in northern Nigeria’, Geoforum 21 (4), 435–43.Google Scholar
Kolawole, A. 1984. ‘South Chad irrigation project: resettlement problems in a hydro-agricultural development scheme’, Journal of Issues in Development 1(1) (Centre for Socio-economic Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria), 48–55.Google Scholar
Kolawole, A. 1987. ‘Environmental change and the South Chad Irrigation Project (Nigeria)’, Journal of Arid Environments 13, 169–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolawole, A. 1991. Economics and Management of the Fadama in Northern Nigeria, Wetlands in Drylands, Paper 3a, London: IIED.Google Scholar
Kowal, J. M. 1970. ‘The hydrology of a small catchment basin at Samaru, Nigeria, Part IV’, Nigerian Agricultural Journal 7, 134–47.Google Scholar
Kowal, J. M., and Kassam, A. H. 1978. Agricultural Ecology of Savanna. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, W. A. 1966. Reflections on Nigeria's Economic Growth. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Norman, D. W., Simmons, E. B. and Hays, K. M. 1982. Farming Systems in the Nigerian Savanna. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Nzimiro, I. 1985. The Green Revolution in Nigeria: the modernisation of hunger. Oguta, Nigeria: Zim-Pan.Google Scholar
O'Connor, A. 1991. Poverty in Africa: a geographical approach. London: Bellhaven Press.Google Scholar
Okongwu, C. S. P. 1986. The Nigerian Economy. Enugu: Fourth Dimension.Google Scholar
Olugbemi, L. B., Redden, R., and Aguda, E. V. 1979. ‘Variety screening’, in Samaru Miscellaneous Paper No. 85, Samaru, Nigeria: IAR, pp. 3–16.Google Scholar
Palmer, J. L. 1979. ‘Agronomy’ and ‘Fertiliser use’, in Samaru Miscellaneous Paper No. 85, Samaru, Nigeria: IAR, pp. 17–37.Google Scholar
Palmer-Jones, R. 1980. ‘Why Irrigate in Northern Nigeria?’, Paper to seminar ‘Change in Rural Hausaland’, Kano, Nigeria, February (mimeo).Google Scholar
Palmer-Jones, R. 1981. ‘How not to learn from pilot irrigation projects: the Nigerian experience’, Water Supply and Management 5 (1), 81–103.Google Scholar
Palmer-Jones, R. 1984. ‘Mismanaging the peasants: some origins of low productivity on irrigation schemes in the north of Nigeria’, in Adams, W. M. and Grove, A. T. (eds.), Irrigation in Tropical Africa, Cambridge African Monographs No. 3, pp. 96–108. Cambridge: African Studies Department, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Palmer-Jones, R. 1987. ‘Irrigation and the politics of agricultural development in Nigeria’, in Watts, M. J. (ed.), State Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, pp. 138–67. Berkeley, Cal.: IIS, University of California.Google Scholar
Richards, A. 1987. ‘Oil booms and agricultural development: Nigeria in comparative perspective’, in Watts, M. J. (ed.), State Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, pp. 85–109. Berkeley, Cal.: IIS, University of California.Google Scholar
Richards, P. 1985. Indigenous Agricultural Revolution. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Roose, E. J. 1986. ‘Runoff and erosion before and after clearing depending on the type of crop in western Africa’, in Lai, R., Sanchez, P. A. and Cummings, R. W. Jr, (eds.), Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics, pp. 317–30. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
Sano, H. O. 1983. The Political Economy of Food in Nigeria, 1960-82. Research Report 63, Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.Google Scholar
Siddle, D. and Swindell, K. 1990. Rural Change in Tropical Africa: from colonies to nation states. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Singh, K. 1986. Irrigation Tubewells in Sokoto, Nigeria: financial and economic viability. Sokoto: Sokoto ARDA.Google Scholar
Stock, R. F. 1978. ‘The impact of the decline of the Hadejia River floods in the Hadejia Emirate’, in Apeldoorn, G. J. van (ed.), The Aftermath of the 1972-74 Drought in Nigeria: proceedings of a conference held at Bagauda, April 1979, pp. 141–6. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University.Google Scholar
Stock, R. F. 1981. ‘Health Care Behaviour in a Rural Nigerian Setting’, Unpublished PhD thesis, Liverpool University.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, P. R. 1965. Soils of Northern Nigeria, Samaru Miscellaneous Paper No. 11, Samaru, Nigeria: IAR.Google Scholar
Toye, J. 1987. Dilemmas of Development: reflections on the counter-revolution in development theory and policy. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tuley, P., et al. 1972. The Land Resources of North-Eastern Nigeria, 5 vols. Tolworth: Land Resources Division, Directorate of Overseas Surveys.Google Scholar
Turner, B. 1985. ‘The classification and distribution of fadamas in central northern Nigeria’, in Thomas, M. F., and Goudie, A. A. (eds.), Dambos: small channelless valleys in the tropics. Characteristics, formation and utilisation, pp. 82–114. Stuttgart: Zeitschrift filr Geomorphology, Supplement No. 52.Google Scholar
Turner, B. 1989. ‘Fadamas: valuable but fragile resources’. Paper to the second Workshop on Land Administration and Development in Northern Nigeria, Department of Geography, Bayero University, Kano, March.Google Scholar
Ubi, E. O. 1984. ‘A review of recommended practices for wheat production’, in Yadav, O. P. (ed.) ‘Importance of Timeliness of Wheat Production’, papers for annual wheat in-service training, September-October, pp. 36–48.Google Scholar
Uchendu, V. E. 1979. ‘Land and society in Nigeria: a critical assessment of the Land Use Decree (1978)’, Journal of African Studies, 6 (2), 62–74.Google Scholar
Wallace, T. 1979. Studies in a Town on the Kano River Project. Zaria: Centre for Social and Economic Research, Ahmadu Bello University.Google Scholar
Wallace, T. 1981. ‘The Kano River project: the impact of an irrigation scheme on productivity and welfare’, in Heyer, J.et al. (eds.), Rural Development in Tropical Africa, pp. 281–305. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, M. J. 1984. ‘State, oil and accumulation: from boom to crisis’, Environment and Planning D, Society and Space 2, 403–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, M. J. 1987a. ‘Powers of production—geographers among the peasants’, Environment and Planning D, Society and Space 5, 215–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, M. J. 1987b. State Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria. Berkeley, Cal.: IIS, University of California.Google Scholar
Watts, M. J. 1987c. ‘Agriculture and oil-based accumulation: stagnation or transformation’, in Watts, M. J. (ed.), State Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, pp. 58–84. Berkeley, Cal.: IIS, University of California.Google Scholar
Watts, M. J. 1987d. ‘Postscript’, in Watts, M. J. (ed.), State Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria, pp. 291–6. Berkeley, Cal.: IIS, University of California.Google Scholar
Watts, M. J. 1989. ‘The agrarian crisis in Africa’, Progress in Human Geography 13 (1), 1–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, G. 1980. State and Society in Nigeria. Idanre, Nigeria: Afrografika.Google Scholar
Williams, G. 1981. ‘The World Bank and the peasant problem’, in Heyer, J.et al. (eds.), Rural Development in Tropical Africa, pp. 16–51. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Williams, G. 1988. ‘The World Bank: Nigeria’, Review of African Political Economy 43 (2), 42–67.Google Scholar
Williams, G. 1990. ‘Economic Liberalisation and Food Security in Nigeria’, report for the Catholic Institute of International Relations. Oxford: St Peter's College (mimeo).Google Scholar
Williams, G. 1991. ‘What Disequilibria? People, land and food in Nigeria’. Oxford: St Peter's College (mimeo).Google Scholar
Woodsworth, M. 1988. ‘Making progress in remote northern areas’, Financial Times, Nigerian supplement, 7 March.Google Scholar
World Bank. 1981. Accelerated Development in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 1987. Nigeria: agricultural sector report. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 1989. Sub-Saharan Africa: from crisis to sustainable growth. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar
Yadav, O. P. (ed.) 1984. ‘Importance of Timeliness of Wheat Production’, papers for annual wheat-in-service training courses held at Hadejia, Kadawa, New Marte, T/Mafara, September-October (mimeo).Google Scholar