Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T08:15:58.298Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-ray Diffraction Examination of the Phases in Expansive Cements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

Katharine Mather
Katharine Mather*
Affiliation:
U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
Get access

Abstract

Beginning in December 1968, Type K expansive cements of both the shrinkage-compensating and self-stressing types, particularly ChemStress (a self-stressing cement) have been tested, and examined by X-ray diffraction in the Concrete Laboratory of the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. They are interesting subjects for the study of mixtures by X-ray diffraction because they may contain as many as 14 identifiable phases, including most of the phases in portland cement. Their examination by X-ray diffraction is greatly assisted by chemical treatments, first with maleic acid in methanol, followed by treatment with ammonium chloride solution to remove the calcium sulfates and leave a residue that consists of tetracalcium trialuminate sulfate, quartz, corundum, and a few very minor substances which have proved to be unidentifiable.

Type
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 20: Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 4-6, 1976 , 1976 , pp. 41 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Report by ACI Committee 223; “Expansive Cement Concretes— Present State of Knowledge“; Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Proceedings, August 1970, Vol. 67, No. 8, Pages 583–610; American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan.Google Scholar
2. Hoff, G. C.; “Investigation of Expanding Grout and Concrete; Summary of Field Mixture Test Results, July 1969 Through June 1970“; Miscellaneous Paper C-71-5, Report 1, June 1971; U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, CE, Vicksburg, Mississippi.Google Scholar
3. Hoff, G. C.; “Investigation of Expanding Grout and Concrete; Summary of Field Mixture Test Results, July 1970 Through June 1971“; Miscellaneous Paper C-71-5, Report 2, January 1973; U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, CE, Vicksburg, Mississippi. Google Scholar
4. U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, CE; “Handbook for Concrete and Cement“; August 1949 (with quarterly supplements); Vicksburg, Mississippi. Google Scholar
5. Mehta, P. K.; “Chemistry and Microstructure of Expansive Cements“; Conference on Expansive Cement Concrete, University of California, Berkeley, California, June 1972.Google Scholar
6. Mather, B., Mehta, P. K., and Committee; Discussion of the report by ACI Committee 223, “Expansive Cement Concretes--Present State of Knowledge“; Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Proceedings, April 1971, Vol. 68, Ho. 4, Pages 293–296; American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Google Scholar
7. Ross, A. D.; “Shape, Size, and Shrinkage“; Concrete and Constructional Engineering, August 1944, Vol. 39, Mo. 8, Pages 193–199; London, England. Google Scholar
8. Smith, M. A. and Gutt, W.; “Studies of the Mechanism of the Combined Cement/Sulphuric Acid Process“; Cement Technology, November- December 1971, Pages 167–177.Google Scholar
9. Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards; Powder Diffraction File, 1973; JCPDS, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
10. Gutt, W. and Smith, M. A.; “A New Calcium Silicosulphate“; Nature, Vol. 210, No.5034, 23 April 1966, Pages 408–409.Google Scholar
11. Nakamura, T., Sudoh, G., and Akaiwa, S.; “Mineralogical Composition of Expansive Cement Clinker Rich in SiO2, and its Expansibility“; Supplement Paper IV-74, December 1969, vol. IV, Pages 351–365; Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cement, Tokyo, 1968.Google Scholar
12. Mander, J. E., Adams, L. D., and Larkin, E. E.; “A Method for the Determination of Some Minor Compounds in Portland Cement and Clinker by X-Ray Diffraction“; Cement and Concrete Research, 1974, Vol. 4, Pages 533–544.Google Scholar