Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-24T04:42:19.291Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Fly ASH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

G.J. McCarthy ,
D.M. Johansen ,
S.J. Steinwand  and
A. Thedchanamoorthy
G.J. McCarthy
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 58105
D.M. Johansen
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 58105
S.J. Steinwand
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 58105
A. Thedchanamoorthy
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 58105
Get access

Abstract

Methods for, and results from, x-ray diffraction analysis of large numbers of fly ash samples obtained from U.S. power plants are described. Qualitative XRD indicates that low-calcium/Class F fly ash (usually derived from bituminous coal) consists typically of the crystalline phases quartz, mullite, hematite and magnetite in a matrix of aluminosilicate glass. Highcalcium fly ash (derived from low-rank coal) has a much more complex assemblage of crystalline phases that typically includes these four phases plus lime, periclase, anhydrite, alkali sulfates, tricalcium aluminate, dicalcium silicate, melilite, merwinlte and a sodalite-structure phase. Glass compositions among the particles are more heterogeneous and range from calcium aluminate to sodium calcium aluminosilicate, Every ash studied Is mixed with an internal Intensity standard (rutile) so that Intensity ratios can be used to make comparisons of the relative amounts of crystalline phases. An error analysis was performed to define the level of uncertainty in making these comparisons. These intensity ratios will be used for quantitative XRD phase analyses when reference intensity ratios for each fly ash phase become available.

Type
IV. Quantitative and Qualitative XRD Phase Analysis
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 31: Thirty-Sixth Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 3-7, 1987 , 1987 , pp. 331 - 342
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Shepard, M., Utility Solid Waste - Managing the By-products of Coal Combustion, EPRI Journal 10: 20–35, October 1985.Google Scholar
2. Diamond, S., The Utilization of Fly Ash, Cem. Concr. Res. 14; 455–462 (1984).Google Scholar
3. Moore, T., Groundwater - Examining a Resource at Risk, EPRI Journal 10: 6–19, October 1985.Google Scholar
4. McCarthy, G.J., Manz, O.E., Stevenson, R.J., Hassett, D.J. and Groenewold, G.H., “Western Fly Ash Research, Development and Data Center, in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion Bv-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal II. McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M., eds. , Mat, Res. Soc, Symp, Proc. Vol. 65, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 165–166 (1986).Google Scholar
5. McMurdie, H.F., Morris, M.C., Evans, E.H., Paretzkin, B. and Wong-ng, W., Methods of Producing Standard X-R.ay Diffraction Powder Patterns, Powder Diffraction. 1: 40–43 (1986.Google Scholar
6. Warren, C.J. and Dudas, M.J., frnhi1ination and Attenuation of Trace Elements in an Artificially Weathered Fly Ash. EPRI Rept. EA-4747, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto (1986).Google Scholar
7. Stevenson, R.J. and Huber, T.P., SEM Study of Chemical Variations in Western US Fly Ash, in Flv Ash and Coal Conversion Bv-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal I.I. McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and S. Diamond, eds., Mat, Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 86. Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 99–108 (1987).Google Scholar
8. McCarthy, G.J., Swanson, K.D., Keller, L.P. and Blatter, W.C., Mineralogy of Western Fly Ash, Cem, Concr. Res. 14: 471–478 (1984).Google Scholar
9. McCarthy, G.J. and Steinwanci, S.J., The Mineralogy of Low-Rank Coal Ash, in Proc. 13th Biennial Lignite Symposium: Technology and Utilisation of Low-Rank Coals. Jones, M.L., Ed,, DOE/METC-86/6036(Vol.2), 600-608 (1985).Google Scholar
10. Manz, O.E. and McCarthy, G.J., Effectiveness of Western High, U.S.-Lime Fly Ash For Use in Concrete, in Fly Ash. Silica Fume. Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete. SP-91. Malhotra, V.M., ed. , American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 347-366 (1986).Google Scholar
11. McCarthy, G.J., Manz, O.E., Johansen, D.M. Steinwand, S.J., Stevenson, R.J., and Hassett, D.J., Correlations of Chemistry and Mineralogy of Western US Fly Ash, in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion Bv-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal I.I. McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds,, Mat. Res. Soc, Proc. Vol. 86, Research Society, Pittsburgh, 109-112 (1987).Google Scholar
12. Stevenson, R.J. and Larson, R.A., Characterization of a Lignite Ash from the METC Gasifier, II. Scanning Electron Microscopy, in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal I. McCarthy, G.J. and Lauf, R.J., eds., Mat. Res. Soc, Symp. Proc. Vol. 43, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 177–186 (1985).Google Scholar
13. Stevenson, R.J. and McCarthy, G.J., Mineralogy of Fixed-Bed Gasification Ash Derived from North Dakota Lignite, in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal I I. McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and D.M. Roy, eds, Mat. Res. Soc, Symp, Proc, Vol. 65, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 77-90 (1986),Google Scholar
14. McCarthy, G.J., Qualitative X-Ray Phase Analysis of Lignite Gasification Ash. Illustration of a Strategy for Analysis of Very Complex Solids, Powder Diffraction. 1: 50–56 (1986).Google Scholar
15. Diamond, S., On the Glass Present in Low-Ca and High-Ca Fly Ash, Cem. Concr. Res. 13: 459–464 (1983).Google Scholar
16. McCarthy, G.J., Gehringer, R.C., Smith, D.K., Injaian, V.M., Pfoertsch, D.E. and R.t. Kabel, Internal Standards for Quantitative X-Ray Phase Analysis, Adv. X-Ray Analysis. 24: 253–264 (1981.Google Scholar
17. Gehringer, R.C., McCarthy, G.J. and Garvey, R.G., X-Ray Diffraction Intensity of Oxide Solid Solutions: Application to Quantitative Phase Analysis, Adv. X-Ray Analysis. 26: 119–128 (1981).Google Scholar
18. Bish, D.L. and Chipera, S.J., this volume.Google Scholar