Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T01:49:13.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chemical Identification and Pease Analysis of Transplutonium Elements and Compounds via X-Ray Powder Diffraction*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

J. R. Peterson*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916 and Transuranium Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Get access

Abstract

X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD) techniques are compatible with studies of the transplutonium elements and their compounds. Only limited amounts of these materials are available for study, and microchemical techniques exist for the preparation of samples suitable for X-ray analysis. The microscale syntheses, systems for annealing/ quenching to bring about phase transformations, and a modified powder diffraction camera are described. Examples of recent and current work are presented to illustrate some specific applications of XRPD to basic, transplutonium element research.

Type
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Research sponsored by the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration under contracts with the University of Tennessee (Knoxville) and Onion Carbide Corporation.

References

1. Cunningham, B. B., “Submicrogram Methods Used in Studies of the Synthetic Elements,” . J. Symp. Ser., 6993 (1961).Google Scholar
2. Peterson, J. R., “The Solution Absorption Spectrum of Bk3+ and the Crystallography of Berkelium Dioxide, Sesquioxide, Trichloride, Oxychloride, and Trifluoride,” Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, October 1967 (UCKL-17875), p. 43.Google Scholar
3. Copeland, J. C., “Preparation and Crystallographic Analysis of Californium Sesquioxide and Californium Oxychloride,” M.S. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, August 1967 (UCRL-17718), p. 8.Google Scholar
4. Peterson, J. R. and Cunningham, B. B., “Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of the Compounds of Berkelium. IV. Berkelium Trifluoride,” J. Inorg. Nucl.Chem. 30, 1775-1784 (1968).Google Scholar
5. Keller, C., The Chemistry of the Transuranium Elements, Verlag Chemie GmbH (1971).Google Scholar
6. Peterson, J. R., Fahey, J. A. and Baybars, R. D., “The Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Berkelium Metal,” J. Inorg. Nucl.Chem. 33, 3345-3351 (1971).Google Scholar
7. Noé, M. and Peterson, J. R., “Preparation and Study of Elemental Californium-249,” in Müller, W. and Lindner, R., Editors, Transplutonium 1975 (Proceedings, 4th Intern.Transplutonium Element Symp., Baden-Baden, Germany, Sept. 13-17, 1975), p. 6977, North-Holland/American Elsevier (1976).Google Scholar
8. Fahey, J. A., Peterson, J. R. and Baybarz, R. D., “Some Properties of Berkelium Metal and the Apparent Trend Toward Divalent Character in the Transcurium Actinide Metals,” Inorg.Nucl. Chem. Letters 8, 101107 (1972).Google Scholar
9. Stevenson, J. N., “The Microchemical Preparations of Metallic Curium-248 and Californium-249 by the Reduction of Their Trifluorides, and Related Structural Studies,” Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, August 1973 (ORO-4447-004).Google Scholar
10. Stevenson, J. N. and Peterson, J. R., “Some New Microchemical Techniques Used in the Preparation and Study of Transplutonium Elements and Compounds,” Microchem.J. 20, 213220 (1975).Google Scholar
11. Sherman, R. L. and Keller, O. L., “Modified Debye-Scherrer X-Ray Diffraction Camera for Radioactive Compounds,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 37., 240 (1966).Google Scholar
12. Smith, D. K., “A Fortran Program for Calculating X-Ray Powder Diffraction Patterns,” University of California Report No. UCRL-7196 (1963).Google Scholar
13. Stevenson, J. N. and Peterson, J. R., “The Trigonal and Orthorhombic Crystal Structures of CfF3and Their Temperature Relationship,” J. Inorg. Nucl.Chem. 35, 3481-3486 (1973).Google Scholar
14. Bums, J. H., Peterson, J. R. and Stevenson, J. N., “Crystallographic Studies of Some Transuranic Trihalides: 239PuCl3, 244CmBr3, 249BkBr3 and 249CfBr3,” J. Inorg. Nucl.Chem. 37, 743749 (1975).Google Scholar
15. Young, J. P., Vander Sluis, K. L., Uemer, G. K., Peterson, J. R. and Noé, M., “High Temperature Spectroscopic and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Californium Tribromide: Proof of Thermal Reduction to Californium (II),” J. Inorg. Nucl.Chem. 37, 2497-2501 (1975).Google Scholar
16. Williams, D. E., “LCR-2, A Fortran Lattice Constant Refinement Program,” Iowa State University Report No.IS-1052 (1964).Google Scholar
17. Peterson, J. R. and Baybarz, R. D., “The St0abilization of Divalent Californium in the Solid State: Californium Dibromide,” Inorg.Nucl. Chem. letters 8, 423431 (1972) and the references therein.Google Scholar
18. Fujita, D. K., Cunningham, B. B. and Parsons, T. C., “Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Einsteinium Trichloride and Einsteinium Oxychloride,” Inorg.Nucl. Chem. Letters 5, 307313 (1969).Google Scholar
19. Fellows, R. L., Peterson, J. R., Noé, M., Young, J. P. and Haire, R. G., “X-Ray Diffraction and Spectroscopic Studies of Crystalline Einsteinium (III) Bromide, 253EsBr3,” Inorg.Nucl. Chem. Letters 11, 737742 (1975).Google Scholar
20. Haire, R. G., Peterson, J. R., Young, J. P. and Fellows, R. L., Transuranium Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, unpublished results (1976).Google Scholar
21. Young, J. P., Haire, R. G., Fellows, R. L., Noé, M. and Peterson, J. R., “Spectroscopic and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Bromides of Califomium-249 and Einsteinium-253,” in Müller, W. and Lindner, R., Editors, Transplutonium 1975 (Proceedings, 4th Intern. Transplutonium Element Symp., Baden-Baden, Germany, Sept. 13-17, 1975), p. 227234, North-Holland/American Elsevier (1976).Google Scholar
22. Peterson, J. R., “Compounds of Divalent Lanthanides and Actinides,” in Kevane, C. J. and Moeller, T., Editors, Proceedings of the Tenth Rare Earth Research Conference, Vol. 1, p. 414, U.S. AEC Tech. Info. Center (1973).Google Scholar
23. Baybarz, R. D., “High-Temperature Phases, Crystal Structures and the Melting Points for Several of the TransplutoniumSesquioxides,” J. Inorg. Nucl.Chem. 15, 4149-4158 (1973).Google Scholar
24. Peterson, J. R., Transuranium Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, unpublished results (1976).Google Scholar
25. Bums, J. H., Peterson, J. R., and R. D.Baybarz, , “Hexagonal and Orthorhombic Crystal Structures of Californium Trichloride,” J. Inorg. Nucl.Chem. 35, 1171-1177 (1973).Google Scholar
26. Zacharlasen, W. H., comment on paper listed here as reference 7, p. 76.Google Scholar