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The COVID-19 pandemic and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review of comparisons between males and females

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 March 2023

Erfan Jalalifar Open the ORCID record for Erfan Jalalifar [Opens in a new window] ,
Amirreza Arad ,
Mohsen Rastkar  and
Rasa Beheshti
Erfan Jalalifar*
Affiliation:
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Amirreza Arad
Affiliation:
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Mohsen Rastkar
Affiliation:
Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Rasa Beheshti
Affiliation:
Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Erfan Jalalifar, Email: erjlf176@gmail.com
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease, one of the most disastrous epidemics, has caused a worldwide crisis, and the containment measures applied to decelerate the progression of the pandemic can increase the risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Identifying vulnerable groups in this area can lead us to better resource expenditure, and therefore, this systematic review aims to make a comparison between males and females to determine which of the two groups was most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic regarding OCD. Also, a meta-analysis was designed to investigate the prevalence of OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive search was conducted among three databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) until August 2021 which resulted in 197 articles, and 24 articles met our inclusion criteria. Overall, more than half of the articles stated the role of gender in OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several articles emphasized the role of the female gender, and some others the role of the male gender. The meta-analysis revealed a 41.2% overall prevalence of OCD during the COVID pandemic and 47.1% and 39.1% OCD prevalence for female and male genders respectively. However, the difference between the two genders was not statistically significant. Generally, it seems that females are at greater risk of OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the following groups, the female gender may have acted as a risk factor: under-18 years students, hospital staff, and the studies in the Middle East. In none of the categories, male gender was clearly identified as a risk factor.

Keywords

obsessive-compulsive disorderCOVID-19femalemalesex
Type
Review Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , October 2023 , pp. 270 - 291
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology

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