Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T15:47:28.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Is CO2 inhalation a specific marker for panic disorder? An experimental panic model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Summary

Patients with panic disorder (PD) report a transient feeling of anxiety upon inhalation of CO2 enriched air. They rate this experience as similar to symptoms of a panic attack. This hypersensitivity has been proposed as an experimental disease model. This paper examines the validity of single breath inhalation of 35% CO2 as a model for PD.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literatuur

1.Griez, E, Lousberg, H, Hout van den, MA, Molen van der, GM. CO2 vulnerability in panic disorder. Psychiat Res 1987; 20: 8795.Google Scholar
2.Perna, G, Battaglia, M, Garberi, A, Arancio, C, Bertani, A, Bellodi, L. 35% CO2/65% 02 inhalation test in panic patients. Psychiat Res 1994;52:159–71.Google Scholar
3.Griez, E, Zandbergen, J, Lousberg, H, Hout vd, MA. Effects of Low Pulmonary CO2 on Panic Anxiety. Compr Psychiat 1988; vol 29; 5:490–7.Google Scholar
4.Zandbergen, J, Lousberg, H, Pols, H, Loof de, C, Griez, E. Hyper-carbia versus Hypercarbia in Panie Disorder. J Affect Disord 1990;18:7581.Google Scholar
5.Griez, E, Zandbergen, J, Pols, H, Loof de, C. Response to 35% Carbon Dioxide as a Marker of Panic in Severe Anxiety. Am J Psychiat 1990; 147;6:796–7.Google Scholar
6.Papp, LA, Klein, DF, Martinez, JM, Schneier, F, Cole, R, Liebowitz, MR, Hollander, E, Fyer, AJ, Jordan, F, Gorman, JM. Diagnostic and substance specificity of carbon dioxide-induced panic. Am J Psychiat 1989;146:779–81Google Scholar
7.Verburg, C, Griez, E, Meijer, J. A 35% Carbon Dioxide challenge in Simple Phobias. Acta psychiat scand 1994; 90: 420–3.Google Scholar
8.Verburg, C, Griez, E, Meijer, J. Discriminiation between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder by 35% carbon dioxide challenge. Am Psychiat 1995;152:1081–3.Google Scholar
9.Perna, G, Barbini, B, Cochi, S, Bertani, A, Gasperini, M. 35% CO2 challenge in panic and mood disorders. J affect Disord 1995; 33:189–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Perna, G. Cocchi, S, Bertani, A, Arancio, C, Bellodi, L. 35% CO2 sensitivity in healthy first degree relatives of patients with panic disorder. Am J Psychiat 1995; 152:623–5.Google Scholar
11.Pols, H, Zandbergen, J, de Loof, C, Griez, E. Attenuation of carbon dioxide-induced panic after clonazepam treatment. Acta psychiat scand 1991; 84:585–6.Google Scholar
12.Pols, H, Hauzer, R, Meijer, J, Verburg, K, Griez, E. Fluvoxamine attenuates panic unduced by 355 CO2 challange. J. clin Psychiat 1996; 57: 539–42.Google Scholar