Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T09:36:00.673Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Depression in Children's Lives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2021

Keith Crnic
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Betty Lin
Affiliation:
State University of New York, Albany

Summary

Although childhood depressive disorders are relatively rare, the experience of depression in children's lives is not. Developmental contextual perspectives denote the importance of considering both depressive disorder and the experience of subclinical depressive symptoms in the child and the family to fully understand the implications of depressive experience for children's developmental well-being. This Element draws on basic emotion development and developmental psychopathology perspectives to address the nature of depressive experience in childhood, both symptoms and disorder, focusing on seminal and recent research that details critical issues regarding its phenomenology, epidemiology, continuity, etiology, consequences, and interventions to ameliorate the developmental challenges inherent in the experience. These issues are addressed within the context of the child's own experience and from the perspective of parent depression as a critical context that influences children's developmental well-being. Conclusions include suggestions for new directions in research on children's lives that focus on more systemic processes.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108887144
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 26 August 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abela, J. R., & Hankin, B. L. (2008). Cognitive vulnerability to depression in children and adolescents: A developmental psychopathology perspective. In Abela, J. R. & Hankin, B. L. (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 3578.Google Scholar
Abela, J. R., & Sarin, S. (2002). Cognitive vulnerability to hopelessness depression: A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(6), 811–29.Google Scholar
Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., & Metalsky, G. I. (1995). Hopelessness depression. In Buchanan, G. M. & Seligman, M. E. P. (Eds.), Explanatory style. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 113–34.Google Scholar
Acevedo-Garcia, D., McArdle, N., Hardy, E. F. et al. (2014). The child opportunity index: Improving collaboration between community development and public health. Health Affairs, 33(11), 1948–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adam, E. K., Doane, L. D., Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., Craske, M. G., & Griffith, J. W. (2010). Prospective prediction of major depressive disorder from cortisol awakening responses in adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(6), 921–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adams, P., Abela, J. R., & Hankin, B. L. (2007). Factorial categorization of depression-related constructs in early adolescents. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21(2), 123–39. https://doi.org/10.1891/088983907780851540CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adkins, D. E., Wang, V., & Elder, G. H., Jr. (2009). Structure and stress: Trajectories of depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood. Social Forces; a Scientific Medium of Social Study and Interpretation, 88(1), 3160. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0238Google ScholarPubMed
Agoston, A. M., & Rudolph, K. D. (2013). Pathways from depressive symptoms to low social status. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(2), 295308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9675-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahun, M. N., Geoffroy, M., Herba, C. M. et al. (2017). Timing and chronicity of maternal depression symptoms and children’s verbal abilities. The Journal of Pediatrics, 190, 251–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.07.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aldao, A., Gee, D. G., De Los Reyes, A., & Seager, I. (2016). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions. Development and Psychopathology, 28(4pt1), 927–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416000638CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.978089042559Google Scholar
Anderson, E. R., & Hope, D. A. (2008). A review of the tripartite model for understanding the link between anxiety and depression in youth. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(2), 275–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2007.05.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angold, A., Erkanli, A., Farmer, E. M. Z. et al. (2002). Psychiatric disorder, impairment, and service use in rural African American and white youth. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(10), 893904. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.893CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arifin, S., Cheyne, H., & Maxwell, M. (2018). Review of the prevalence of postnatal depression across cultures. AIMS Public Health, 5(3), 260–95. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2018.3.260Google ScholarPubMed
Auerbach, R. P., Eberhart, N. K., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2010). Cognitive vulnerability to depression in Canadian and Chinese adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(1), 5768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009–9344-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Augustine, J. M., & Crosnoe, R. (2010). Mothers’ depression and educational attainment and their children’s academic trajectories. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(3), 274–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510377757Google Scholar
Austin, A. A., & Chorpita, B. F. (2004). Temperament, anxiety, and depression: Comparisons across five ethnic groups of children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(2), 216–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Avenevoli, S., Knight, E., Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2008). Epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents. In Abela, J. R. Z. & Hankin, B. L. (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents, New York: Guilford Press, pp. 634.Google Scholar
Azaka, S., & Raeder, S. (2013). Trajectories of parenting behavior and maternal depression. Infant Behavior and Development, 36(3), 391402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.03.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachmann, C. J., Aagaard, L., Burcu, M. et al. (2016). Trends and patterns of antidepressant use in children and adolescents from five western countries, 2005–2012. European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(3), 411–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.02.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, C., & Kuhn, L. (2018). Mediated pathways from maternal depression and early parenting to children’s executive function and externalizing behaviour problems. Infant and Child Development, 27(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2052CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballard, C., & Davies, R., (1996). Postnatal depression in fathers. International Review of Psychiatry, 8(1), 6571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barajas-Gonzalez, R. G., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2014). Income, neighborhood stressors, and harsh parenting: Test of moderation by ethnicity, age, and gender. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 855–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038242CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barker, D. J. (2007). The origins of the developmental origins theory. Journal of Internal Medicine, 261(5), 412–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrett, K. C. & Campos, J. J. (1987). Perspectives on emotional development II: A functionalist approach to emotions. In Osofsky, J. D. (Ed.), Handbook of infant development. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 555–78.Google Scholar
Bates, J. E., Schermerhorn, A. C., & Petersen, I. T. (2012). Temperament and parenting in developmental perspective. In Zentner, M. & Shiner, R. L. (Eds.), Handbook of temperament. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 425–41.Google Scholar
Bauer, A. M., Quas, J. A., & Boyce, W. T. (2002). Associations between physiological reactivity and children’s behavior: Advantages of a multisystem approach. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 23(2), 102–13.Google Scholar
Beardselee, W. R., Versage, E. M., & Giadstone, T. R. (1998). Children of affectively ill parents: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(11), 1134–41.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P. (2015). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: A transdiagnostic biomarker of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 4347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchaine, T. P., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2020). RDoC and psychopathology among youth: Misplaced assumptions and an agenda for future research. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 49(3), 322–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2020.1750022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P., & Tackett, J. L. (2020). Irritability as a transdiagnostic vulnerability trait: Current issues and future directions. Behavior Therapy, 51(2), 350–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchaine, T. P., & Thayer, J. F. (2015). Heart rate variability as a transdiagnostic biomarker of psychopathology. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 98(2pt 2), 338–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.004Google Scholar
Beaujean, A. A., Parker, S., & Qui, X. (2013). The relationship between cognitive ability and depression: A longitudinal data analysis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(12), 1983–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0668-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T. (2008). The evolution of the cognitive model of depression and its neurobiological correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(8), 969–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beeghly, M., Weinberg, M. K., Olson, K. L., Kernan, H., Riley, J., & Tronick, E. Z. (2002). Stability and change in level of maternal depressive symptomatology during the first postpartum year. Journal of Affective Disorders, 71(1–3), 169–80.Google Scholar
Belden, A. C., Pagliaccio, D., Murphy, E. R., Luby, J. L., & Barch, D. M. (2015). Neural activation during cognitive emotion regulation in previously depressed compared to healthy children: Evidence of specific alterations. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(9), 771–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.06.014Google ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009). Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Psychological Bulletin, 135(6), 885908. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017376CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benner, A. D., & Mistry, R. S. (2020). Child development during the COVID‐19 pandemic through a life course theory lens. Child Development Perspectives, 14(4), 236–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12387Google Scholar
Berdan, L. E., Keane, S. P., & Calkins, S. D. (2008). Temperament and externalizing behavior: Social preference and perceived acceptance as protective factors. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 957–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernard, K., Nissim, G., Vaccaro, S., Harris, J. L., & Lindhiem, O. (2018). Association between maternal depression and maternal sensitivity from birth to 12 months: A meta-analysis. Attachment and Human Development, 20(6), 578–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2018.1430839Google Scholar
Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T., Quigley, K. S., & Fabro, V. T. (1994). Autonomic space and psychophysiological response. Psychophysiology, 31(1), 4461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bilsky, S. A., Cole, D. A., Dukewich, T. L. et al. (2013). Does supportive parenting mitigate the longitudinal effects of peer victimization on depressive thoughts and symptoms in children? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2), 406–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032501Google Scholar
Bonapersona, V., Joëls, M., & Sarabdjitsingh, R. A. (2018). Effects of early life stress on biochemical indicators of the dopaminergic system: A 3 level meta-analysis of rodent studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 95, 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.003Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H. (2013). Mother-infant attunement: A multilevel approach via body, brain, and behavior. In Legerstee, M., Haley, D. W., & Bornstein, M. H. (Eds.), The infant mind: Origins of the social brain. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 266–98.Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H. (2021). Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Issues for families, parents, and children. In Bornstein, M. H. (Ed.), Psychological insights for understanding Covid-19 and families, parents, and children. New York: Routledge, pp. 170.Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H., Arterberry, M. E., Mash, C., & Manian, N. (2011). Discrimination of facial expression by 5-month-old infants of nondepressed and clinically depressed mothers. Infant Behavior and Development, 34(1), 100–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.10.002Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H., & Cote, L. R. (2009). Child temperament in three U.S. cultural groups. Infant Mental Health Journal, 30(5), 433–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20223CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bornstein, M. H., Hahn, C.-S., & Suwalsky, J. T. D. (2013). Language and internalizing and externalizing behavioral adjustment: Developmental pathways from childhood to adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 857–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000217Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H., Henry, L. M., & Manian, N. (in press). Language development in children of clinically depressed mothers in remission: Early experience effects. Developmental Psychology.Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H., Mash, C., Arterberry, M. E., & Manian, N. (2012). Object perception in 5-month-old infants of clinically depressed and nondepressed mothers. Infant Behavior and Development, 35(1), 150–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.07.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., & Esposito, G. (2017). Continuity and stability in development. Child development Perspectives, 11(2), 113–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12221CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosch, N. M., Riese, H., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2009). Stressful life events and depressive symptoms in young adolescents: Modulation by respiratory sinus arrhythmia? The TRAILS study. Biological Psychology, 81(1), 4047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bose, D., & Pettit, J. W. (2018). Depression. In Hupp, S. (Ed.), Child and adolescent psychotherapy: Components of evidence-based treatments for youth and their parents. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 138–53.Google Scholar
Boyce, W. T., Quas, J., Alkon, A., Smider, N. A., Essex, M. J., & Kupfer, D. J. (2001). Autonomic reactivity and psychopathology in middle childhood. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 179, 144–50.Google Scholar
Braungart-Rieker, J. M., Hill-Soderlund, A. L., & Karrass, J. (2010). Fear and anger reactivity trajectories from 4 to 16 months: The roles of temperament, regulation, and maternal sensitivity. Developmental Psychology, 46(4), 791804. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019673CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braungart-Rieker, J. M., Zentall, S., Lickenbrock, D. M., Ekas, N. V., Oshio, T., & Planalp, E. (2014). Attachment in the making: Mother and father sensitivity and infants’ responses during the Still-Face Paradigm. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 125, 6384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2014.02.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brazelton, T. B., Tronick, E., Adamson, L., Als, H., & Wise, S. (1975). Early mother-infant reciprocity. In Parent-infant interaction, Ciba Foundation Symposium 33, New York: Elsevier, pp. 137–54.Google Scholar
Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., Turgeon, L., & Poulin, F. (2002). Assessing aggressive and depressed children’s social relations with classmates and friends: A matter of perspective. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(6), 609–24. https://doi.org/10.1023/A: 1020863730902Google Scholar
Bridge, J. A., Iyengar, S., Salary, C. B. et al. (2007). Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Medical Association, 297(15), 1683–96. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.15.1683Google ScholarPubMed
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2007). The bioecological model of human development. In Damon, W. & Lerner, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development, 6th ed. New York: Wiley, pp. 793828. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0114Google Scholar
Brooks, B. L., Iverson, G. L., Sherman, E. M., & Roberge, M. C. (2010). Identifying cognitive problems in children and adolescents with depression using computerized neuropsychological testing. Applied Neuropsychology, 17(1), 3743.Google Scholar
Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., & Olino, T. M. (2017). Mapping the frequency and severity of depressive behaviors in preschool-aged children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 48(6), 934–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0715-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burke, H. M., Davis, M. C., Otte, C., & Mohr, D. C. (2005). Depression and cortisol responses to psychological stress: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30(9), 846–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.010Google Scholar
Calvete, E., Villardón, L., & Estévez, A. (2008). Attributional style and depressive symptoms in adolescents: An examination of the role of various indicators of cognitive vulnerability. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(8), 944–53.Google Scholar
Campbell, S. B., Morgan-Lopez, A., Cox, M. J., & McLoyd, V. C. (2009). A latent class analysis of maternal depressive symptoms over 12 years and offspring adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(3), 479–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/a001592Google Scholar
Carnegie, R., Araya, R., Ben-Shlomo, Y. et al. (2014). Cortisol awakening response and subsequent depression: prospective longitudinal study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204(2), 137–43. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126250Google Scholar
Carpenter, T., Grecian, S. M., & Reynolds, R. M. (2017). Sex differences in early-life programming of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in humans suggest increased vulnerability in females: A systematic review. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 8(2), 244–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S204017441600074XGoogle Scholar
Cataldo, M. G., Nobile, M., Lorusso, M. L., Battaglia, M., & Molteni, M. (2005). Impulsivity in depressed children and adolescents: A comparison between behavioral and neuropsychological data. Psychiatry Research, 136(2–3), 123–33.Google Scholar
Chae, D. H., Clouston, S., Martz, C. D. et al. (2018). Area racism and birth outcomes among Blacks in the United States. Social Science and Medicine, 199, 4955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.019Google Scholar
Chang, L., Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., & McBride-Chang, C. (2003). Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Family Psychology, 17(4), 598606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.598Google Scholar
Chen, J. J. L., & Liu, X. (2012). The mediating role of perceived parental warmth and parental punishment in the psychological well-being of children in rural China. Social Indicators Research, 107(3), 483508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9859-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chess, S., & Thomas, A. (1999). Goodness of fit: Clinical applications from infancy through adult life. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.Google Scholar
Cheung, K., & Theule, J. (2019). Paternal depression and child externalizing behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(1), 98108. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000473Google Scholar
Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2014). Peer relationships and the development of psychopathology. In Lewis, M. & Rudolph, K. D. (Eds.), Handbook of developmental psychopathology. New York: Springer Science + Business Media, pp. 185204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D. (2006). Development and psychopathology. In Cicchetti, D. & Cohen, D. J. (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 1: Theory and method, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 123.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D, Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (1994). A developmental psychopathology perspective on depression in children and adolescents. In Reynolds, W. M. & Johnston, H. F. (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents. Issues in clinical child psychology. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 123–41.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (1998). The development of depression in children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 53(2), 221–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.221CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cipriani, A., Zhou, X., Del Giovane, C. et al. (2016). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: A network meta-analysis. The Lancet, 388(10047), 881–90. doi.10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30385–3Google Scholar
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1), 103–16.Google Scholar
Clifford, S., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2015). The unique and shared genetic and environmental contributions to fear, anger, and sadness in childhood. Child Development, 86(5), 1538–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12394CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J. R., Andrews, A. R., Davis, M. M., & Rudolph, K. D. (2018). Anxiety and depression during childhood and adolescence: Testing theoretical models of continuity and discontinuity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(6), 12951308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0370-xGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S., Kessler, R. C., & Gordon, L. U. (1995). Strategies for measuring stress in studies of psychiatric and physical disorders. In Cohen, S, Kessler, R., & Gordon, L. (Eds.), Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, P. M. (2016). Emotion and the development of psychopathology. In Cicchetti, D. (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 1: Theory and method, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 265324. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy107Google Scholar
Cole, D. A., Dukewich, T. L., Roeder, K. et al. (2014). Linking peer victimization to the development of depressive self-schemas in children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(1), 149–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9769-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, D. A., Martin, J. M., & Powers, B. (1997). A competency-based model of child depression: A longitudinal study of peer, parent, teacher, and self-evaluations. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 505–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01537.xGoogle Scholar
Cole, D. A., Peeke, L. G., Martin, J. M., Truglio, R., & Seroczynski, A. D. (1998). A longitudinal look at the relation between depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(3), 451–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.66.3.451Google Scholar
Cole, D. A., Sinclair-McBride, K. R., Zelkowitz, R., Bilsk, S. A., Roeder, K., & Spinelli, T. (2016). Peer victimization and harsh parenting predict cognitive diatheses for depression in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 45(5), 668–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1004679Google Scholar
Cole, D. A., & Turner, J. E. (1993). Models of cognitive mediation and moderation in child depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 271–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J., & Jaser, S. S. (2004). Temperament, stress reactivity, and coping: Implications for depression in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 2131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Compas, B. E., Ey, S., & Grant, K. E. (1993). Taxonomy, assessment, and diagnosis of depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 114(2), 323–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.2.323Google Scholar
Conger, R. D., Wallace, L. E., Sun, Y., Simons, R. L., McLoyd, V. C., & Brody, G. H. (2002). Economic pressure in African American families: A replication and extension of the family stress model. Developmental Psychology, 38(2), 179–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.2.179Google Scholar
Conley, C. S., Haines, B. A., Hilt, L. M., & Metalsky, G. I. (2001). The children’s attributional style interview: Developmental tests of cognitive diathesis-stress theories of depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(5), 445–63. https://doi.org/10.1023/A: 1010451604161Google Scholar
Connell, A. M., & Goodman, S. H. (2002). The association between psychopathology in fathers versus mothers and children’s internalizing and externalizing behavior problems: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(5), 746–73. https://doi.org/org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.746Google Scholar
Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Egger, H. (2013). Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(2), 173–79.Google Scholar
Coplan, R. J., Gavinski-Molina, M. H., Lagacé-Séguin, D. G., & Wichmann, C. (2001). When girls versus boys play alone: Nonsocial play and adjustment in kindergarten. Developmental Psychology, 37(4), 464–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.464Google Scholar
Cornish, A. M., McMahon, C. A., Ungerer, J. A., Barnett, B., Kowalenko, N., & Tennant, C. (2005). Postnatal depression and infant cognitive and motor development in the second postnatal year: The impact of depression chronicity and infant gender. Infant Behavior and Development, 28(4), 407–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.03.004Google Scholar
Costello, E. J., Farmer, E. M. Z., Angold, A., Burns, B. J., & Erkanli, A. (1997). Psychiatric disorders among American Indian and white youth in Appalachia: The great smoky mountains study. American Journal of Public Health, 87(5), 827–32. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.5.827Google Scholar
Crick, N. R., & Ladd, G. W. (1993). Children’s perceptions of their peer experiences: Attributions, loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance. Developmental Psychology, 29(2), 244–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.29.2.244CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, K., & McKay, D. (2017). Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 49, 7687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.04.001Google Scholar
Culpin, I., Stapinski, L., Miles, Ö. B., Araya, R., & Joinson, C. (2015). Exposure to socioeconomic adversity in early life and risk of depression at 18 years: The mediating role of locus of control. Journal of Affective Disorders, 183, 269–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.030CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, E. M., Cheung, R. Y. M., & Davies, P. T. (2013). Prospective relations between parental depression, negative expressiveness, emotional insecurity, and children’s internalizing symptoms. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44(6), 698708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0362-1Google Scholar
Cummings, E. M., Keller, P. S., & Davies, P. T. (2005). Towards a family process model of maternal and paternal depressive symptoms: Exploring multiple relations with child and family functioning. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(5), 479–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00368.xGoogle Scholar
Cummings, E. M., Merrilees, C. E., & George, M. W. (2010). Fathers, marriages, and families: Revisiting and updating the framework for fathering in family context. In Lamb, M. E. (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 154–76.Google Scholar
Dallaire, D. H., Pineda, A. Q., Cole, D. A. et al. (2006). Relation of positive and negative parenting to children’s depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(2), 313–22 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3502_15Google Scholar
Davé, S., Petersen, I, Sherr, L., & Nazareth, I. (2010). Incidence of maternal and paternal depression in primary care: A cohort study using a primary care database. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 164(11), 1038–44. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.184Google Scholar
David-Ferdon, C., & Kaslow, N. J. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 62104. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701817865Google Scholar
Davidov, M., & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Untangling the links of parental responsiveness to distress and warmth to child outcomes. Child Development, 77(1), 4458. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v34n03_05Google Scholar
Davidson, R. J., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Nitschke, J. B. (2009). Representation and regulation of emotion in depression: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. In Gotlib, I. H. & Hammen, C. (Eds.), Handbook of depression, 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 218–48.Google Scholar
Davies, P., & Windle, M. (2001). Interparental discord and adolescent adjustment trajectories: The potentiating and protective role of intrapersonal attributes. Child Development, 72(4), 1163–78.Google Scholar
Davis, M., Goodman, S. H., Lavner, J. A. et al. (2019). Patterns of positivity: Positive affect trajectories among infants of mothers with a history of depression. Infancy, 24(6), 911–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/Infa.12314.Google Scholar
De Bolle, M., & De Fruyt, F. (2010). The tripartite model in childhood and adolescence: Future directions for developmental research. Child Development Perspectives, 4(3), 174–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00136.xGoogle Scholar
Dekker, M. C., Ferdinand, R. F., van Lang, N. D. J., Bongers, I. L., van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2007). Developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence: Gender differences and adult outcome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(7), 657–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01742.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011). The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(7), 1562–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Del Giudice, M., Hinnant, J. B., Ellis, B. J., & El-Sheikh, M. (2012). Adaptive patterns of stress responsivity: A preliminary investigation. Developmental Psychology, 48(3), 775–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026519Google Scholar
Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Wyatt, T. (2015). The socialization of emotional competence. In Grusec, J. E. & Hastings, P. D. (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press, pp. 590613.Google Scholar
DeRose, L. M., Shiyko, M., Levey, S., Helm, J., & Hastings, P. D. (2014). Early maternal depression and social skills in adolescence: A marginal structural modeling approach. Social Development, 23(4), 753–69.Google Scholar
Dhillon, A., Sparkes, E., & Duarte, R. V. (2017). Mindfulness-based interventions during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1421–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0726-xGoogle Scholar
Dietz, L. J., Weinberg, R. J., Brent, D. A., & Mufson, L. (2015). Family-based interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed preadolescents: Examining efficacy and potential treatment mechanisms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(3), 191–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.011Google Scholar
Dodge, K. A. (1993). Social-cognitive mechanisms in the development of conduct disorder and depression. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 559–84.Google Scholar
Doom, J. R., & Cicchetti, D. (2018). The developmental psychopathology of stress exposure in childhood. In Harkness, K. & Hayden, E. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of stress and mental health. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 265–85.Google Scholar
Dougherty, L. R., Klein, D. N., Durbin, C. E., Hayden, E. P., & Olino, T. M. (2010). Temperamental positive and negative emotionality and children’s depressive symptoms: A longitudinal prospective study from age three to age ten. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(4), 462–88. https://doi.org//10.1521/jscp.2010.29.4.462Google Scholar
Doyle, C., & Cicchetti, D. (2018). Future directions in prenatal stress research: Challenges and opportunities related to advancing our understanding of prenatal developmental origins of risk for psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 30(3), 721–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941800069XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drury, S. S., Scaramella, L., & Zeanah, C. H. (2016). The neurobiological impact of postpartum maternal depression: Prevention and intervention approaches. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25(2), 179200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2015.11.001Google Scholar
Egger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2009). Classification of psychopathology in early childhood. In Zeanah, C. H., Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of infant mental health (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press, pp. 285300.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 241–73. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., Pidada, S., & Liew, J. (2001). The relations of regulation and negative emotionality to Indonesian children’s social functioning. Child Development, 72(6), 1747–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00376Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Boyce, W. T., Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2011). Differential susceptibility to the environment: An evolutionary–neurodevelopmental theory. Development and Psychopathology, 23(1), 728. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000611Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Oldehinkel, A. J., & Nederhof, E. (2017). The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity: An empirical test in the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey study. Development and Psychopathology, 29(3), 1001–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000985Google Scholar
Emerson, C. S., Mollet, G. A., & Harrison, D. W. (2005). Anxious-depression in boys: An evaluation of executive functioning. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 20(4), 539–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acn.2004.10.003Google Scholar
Evans, G. W., Li, D., & Whipple, S. S. (2013). Cumulative risk and child development. Psychological Bulletin, 139(6), 1342–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, J., Melotti, R., Heron, J. et al. (2012). The timing of maternal depressive symptoms and child cognitive development: A longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(6), 632–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02513.xGoogle Scholar
Fauber, R., Forehand, R., Long, N., Burke, M., & Faust, J. (1987). The relationship of young adolescent children’s depression inventory (CDI) scores to their social and cognitive functioning. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 9 (2), 161–72.Google Scholar
Feldman, R. (2003). Infant–mother and infant–father synchrony: The coregulation of positive arousal. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10041CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, R. (2007a). Parent-infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3–4), 329–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01701.xGoogle Scholar
Feldman, R. (2007b). Maternal versus child risk and the development of parent-child and family relationships in five high-risk populations. Development and Psychopathology, 19(2), 293312.Google Scholar
Feng, X., Shaw, D. S., Skuban, E. M., & Lane, T. (2007). Emotional exchange in mother-child dyads: Stability, mutual influence, and associations with maternal depression and child problem behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 714–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.714CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fergusson, D. M. & Horwood, L. J. (2003). Resilience to childhood adversity: Results of a 12-year study. In Luthar, S. S. (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 130–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615788.008Google Scholar
Field, T. (1994). The effects of mother’s physical and emotional unavailability on emotion regulation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59 (2–3), 208–27, 250–83. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166147Google Scholar
Field, T. (1995). Infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behavior and Development, 18(1), 113.Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. (2013). Improving the adverse childhood experiences study scale. The Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics, 167(1), 7075. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.420Google Scholar
Fonseca, A., Alves, S., Monteiro, F., Gorayeb, R., & Canavarro, M. C. (2020). Be a mom, a web-based intervention to prevent postpartum depression: Results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 51(4), 616–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2019.09.007Google Scholar
Fraley, R. C., Roisman, G. I., & Haltigan, J. D. (2013). The legacy of early experiences in development: Formalizing alternative models of how early experiences are carried forward over time. Developmental Psychology, 49(1), 109–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027852Google Scholar
Fredriksen, E., von Soest, T., Smith, L., & Moe, V. (2019). Parenting stress plays a mediating role in the prediction of early child development from both parents’ perinatal depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(1), 149–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0428-4Google Scholar
Fristad, M. A., & Black, S. R. (2018). Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence. In Butcher, J. N., & Kendall, P. C. (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Child and adolescent psychopathology, Vol. 2. Washington DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 253–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-013Google Scholar
Gaffrey, M. S., Belden, A. C., & Luby, J. L. (2011). The 2-week duration criterion and severity and course of early childhood depression: Implications for nosology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133(3), 537–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.056Google Scholar
Garber, J., Ciesla, J. A., McCauley, E., Diamond, G., & Schloredt, K. A. (2011). Remission of depression in parents: Links to healthy functioning in their children. Child Development, 82, 226–43.Google Scholar
Garber, J., & Rao, U. (2014). Depression in children and adolescents. In Lewis, M. & Rudolph, K. (Eds.), Handbook of developmental psychopathology. New York: Springer, pp. 489520.Google Scholar
Garcia Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R. et al. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67(5), 18911914.Google Scholar
Gardner, F., Connell, A., Trentacosta, C. J., Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., & Wilson, M. N. (2009). Moderators of outcome in a brief family-centered intervention for preventing early problem behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(3), 543–53. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130770Google Scholar
Gartstein, M. A., & Fagot, B. I. (2003). Parental depression, parenting and family adjustment, and child effortful control: Explaining externalizing behaviors for preschool children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(2), 143–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(03)00043-1Google Scholar
Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2003). Studying infant temperament via the revised infant behavior questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 26(1), 6486. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(02)00169–8Google Scholar
Gartstein, M. A., & Skinner, M. K. (2018). Prenatal influences on temperament development: The role of environmental epigenetics. Development and Psychopathology, 30(4), 12691303.Google Scholar
Gazelle, H., & Ladd, G. W. (2003). Anxious solitude and peer exclusion: A diathesis–stress model of internalizing trajectories in childhood. Child Development, 74(1), 257–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00534Google Scholar
Gibb, B. E., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2008). Emotional abuse, verbal victimization, and the development of children’s negative inferential styles and depressive symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(2), 161–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9106-xGoogle Scholar
Gibb, B. E., & Coles, M. E. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability-stress models of psychopathology: A developmental perspective. In Hankin, B. & Abela, J. (Eds.), Development of psychopathology: A vulnerability-stress perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 104–35. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231655.n5Google Scholar
Gjerde, L. C., Eilertsen, E. M., Hannigan, L. J. et al. (2019). Associations between maternal depressive symptoms and risk for offspring early-life psychopathology: The role of genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. Psychological Medicine, 51(3),19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719003301Google ScholarPubMed
Gjone, H., & Stevenson, J. (1997). A longitudinal twin study of temperament and behavior problems: Common genetic or environmental influences? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(10), 1448–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583–199710000–00028Google Scholar
Glover, V., & Hill, J. (2012). Sex differences in the programming effects of prenatal stress on psychopathology and stress responses: An evolutionary perspective. Physiology and Behavior, 106(5), 736–40. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00426-3Google Scholar
Gluckman, P. D., & Hanson, M. A. (2006). The developmental origins of health and disease. In Wintour, E. M. & Owens, J.A. (Eds.), Early life origins of health and disease. New York: Springer, pp. 17.Google Scholar
Gong, C., Duan, X., Su, P. et al. (2019). Heightened HPA-axis stress reactivity and accelerated pubertal progression predicts depressive symptoms over 4-year follow up. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 103, 259–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.001Google Scholar
Goodman, J. H. (2004). Paternal postpartum depression, its relationship to maternal postpartum depression, and implications for family health. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45(1), 2635.Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H. (2010). Challenges to identifying depression in men and women who are parents. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 164(11), 1069–70.Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H. (2020). Intergenerational transmission of depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16, 213–38. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-071519-113915Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H., & Garber, J. (2017). Evidence‐based interventions for depressed mothers and their young children. Child Development, 88(2), 368–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12732Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (1999). Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: A developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychological Review, 106(3), 458–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.458Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H., Simon, H. F., Shamblaw, A. L., & Kim, C. Y. (2020). Parenting as a mediator of associations between mothers and children’s functioning: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 23(4), 427–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-020-00322-4Google ScholarPubMed
Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Stuhlmacher, A. F., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., & Halpert, J. A. (2003). Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Moving from markers to mechanisms of risk. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 447–66.Google Scholar
Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., & Gipson, P. Y. (2004). Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Measurement issues and prospective effects. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(2), 412–25.Google Scholar
Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E. et al. (2006). Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Evidence of moderating and mediating effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(3), 257–83.Google Scholar
Gray, S. A. O., Jones, C. W., Theall, K. P., Glackin, E., & Drury, S. S. (2017). Thinking across generations: Unique contributions of maternal early life and prenatal stress to infant physiology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(11), 922–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.001Google Scholar
Grusec, J. E., & Davidov, M. (2010). Integrating different perspectives on socialization theory and research: A domain‐specific approach. Child Development, 81(3), 687709.Google Scholar
Guedeney, A. (2007). Withdrawal behavior and depression in infancy. Infant Mental Health Journal, 28(4), 393408. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20143Google Scholar
Guerry, J. D., & Hastings, P. D. (2011). In search of HPA axis dysregulation in child and adolescent depression. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(2), 135–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-011-0084-5Google Scholar
Gunlicks, M. L., & Weissman, M. M. (2008). Change in child psychopathology with improvement in parental depression: A systematic review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(4), 379–89.Google ScholarPubMed
Guo, L., Zhang, J., Mu, L., & Ye, Z. (2020). Preventing postpartum depression with mindful self- compassion intervention: A randomized control study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 208(2), 101–7.Google Scholar
Gutierrez-Galve, L., Stein, A., Hanington, L., Heron, J., & Ramchandani, P. (2015). Paternal depression in the postnatal period and child development: Mediators and moderators. Pediatrics, 135(2), e339–47.Google Scholar
Haga, S. M., Drozd, F., Lisøy, C., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Slinning, K. (2019). Mamma Mia: A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based intervention for perinatal depression. Psychological Medicine, 49(11), 1850–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718002544Google Scholar
Haines, B. A., Metalsky, G. I., Cardamone, A. L., & Joiner, T. (1999). Interpersonal and cognitive pathways into the origins of attributional style: A developmental perspective. In Joiner, T. & Coyne, J.C. (Eds.), The interactional nature of depression: Advances in interpersonal approaches. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 6592. https://doi.org/10.1037/10311-003Google Scholar
Halgunseth, L. C., Ispa, J. M., & Rudy, D. (2006). Parental control in Latino families: An integrated review of the literature. Child Development, 77(5), 1282–97.Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. L., & Alloy, L. B. (2016). Atypical reactivity of heart rate variability to stress and depression across development: Systematic review of the literature and directions for future research. Clinical Psychology Review, 50, 6779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.09.003Google Scholar
Hammen, C. (2005). Stress and depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 293319. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L. (2017). Depression during childhood and adolescence. In DeRubeis, R. J. & Strunk, D. R. (Eds.), The oxford handbook of mood disorders. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 276–86.Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2005). Depression from childhood through adolescence and adulthood: A developmental vulnerability and stress perspective. In Hankin, B. L. & Abela, J. R. Z. (Eds.), Development of psychopathology: A vulnerability-stress perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 245–88. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231655.n10Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L., Badanes, L. S., Abela, J. R., & Watamura, S. E. (2010). Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation in dysphoric children and adolescents: Cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress from preschool through middle adolescence. Biological Psychiatry, 68(5), 484–90.Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L., Davis, E. P., Snyder, H., Young, J. F., Glynn, L. M., & Sandman, C. A. (2017). Temperament factors and dimensional, latent bifactor models of child psychopathology: Transdiagnostic and specific associations in two youth samples. Psychiatry Research, 252, 139–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.061Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L., Fraley, R. C., Lahey, B. B., & Waldman, I. D. (2005). Is depression best viewed as a continuum or discrete category? A taxometric analysis of childhood and adolescent depression in a population-based sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(1), 96110. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.114.1.96Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L., Lakdawalla, Z., Carter, I. L., Abela, J. R., & Adams, P. (2007). Are neuroticism, cognitive vulnerabilities and self–esteem overlapping or distinct risks for depression? Evidence from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(1), 2963.Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L., Oppenheimer, C., Jenness, J., Barrocas, A., Shapero, B. G., & Goldband, J. (2009). Developmental origins of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression: Review of processes contributing to stability and change across time. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(12), 1327–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20625Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L., Snyder, H. R., & Gulley, L. D. (2016). Cognitive risks in developmental psychopathology. In Cicchetti, D. (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology: Maladaptation and psychopathology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 312385. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy308Google Scholar
Hannigan, L. J., Rijsdijk, F. V., Ganiban, J. M. et al. (2018). Shared genetic influences do not explain the association between parent–offspring relationship quality and offspring internalizing problems: Results from a Children-of-Twins study. Psychological Medicine, 48(4), 592603. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717001908Google Scholar
Harrington, R., Peters, S., Green, J., Byford, S., Woods, J., & McGowan, R. (2000). Randomized comparison of the effectiveness and costs of community and hospital based mental health services for children with behavioral disorders. British Journal of Medicine, 321(7268), 15.Google Scholar
Hartman, S., & Belsky, J. (2018). Prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity revisited: And extended. Development and Psychopathology, 30(3), 825–42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000548Google Scholar
Hastings, P. D., Helm, J., Mills, R. S. L., Serbin, L. A., Stack, D. M., & Schwartzman, A. E. (2015). Dispositional and environmental predictors of the development of internalizing problems in childhood: Testing a multilevel model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(5), 831–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9951-0Google Scholar
Hayden, E. P., Klein, D. N., Durbin, C. E., & Olino, T. M. (2006). Positive emotionality at age 3 predicts cognitive styles in 7-year-old children. Development and Psychopathology, 18(2), 409–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579406060226Google Scholar
Hedges, L. V. & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hendrix, C. L., Stowe, Z. N., Newport, D. J., & Brennan, P. A. (2018). Physiological attunement in mother–infant dyads at clinical high risk: The influence of maternal depression and positive parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 30(2), 623–34.Google Scholar
Hochberg, Z., Feil, R., Constancia, M. et al. (2011). Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigenetic programming. Endocrine Reviews, 32(2), 159224. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0039CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, C., Crnic, K. A., & Baker, J. K. (2006). Maternal depression and parenting: Implications for children’s emergent emotion regulation and behavioral functioning. Parenting: Science and Practice, 6(4), 271–95. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327922par0604_1Google Scholar
Hopkins, J., Lavigne, J. V., Gouze, K. R., LeBailly, S. A., & Bryant, F. B. (2013). Multi-domain models of risk factors for depression and anxiety symptoms in preschoolers: Evidence for common and specific factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(5), 705–22.Google Scholar
Hughes, C., Roman, G., Hart, M. J., & Ensor, R. (2013). Does maternal depression predict young children’s executive function? A 4‐year longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 169–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12014Google Scholar
Huizink, A. C. (2008). Prenatal stress exposure and temperament: A review. International Journal of Developmental Science, 2(1–2), 7799.Google Scholar
Hulvershorn, L. A., Cullen, K., & Anand, A. (2011). Toward dysfunctional connectivity: A review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric major depressive disorder. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 5(4), 307–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingoldsby, E. M., Kohl, G. O., McMahon, R. J., & Lengua, L. (2006). Conduct problems, depressive symptomatology and their co-occurring presentation in childhood as predictors of adjustment in early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34(5), 603–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-006-9044-9Google Scholar
Ip, P., Li, T. M. H., Chan, K. L. et al. (2018). Associations of paternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant development in a Chinese longitudinal study. Infant Behavior and Development, 53, 8189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.08.002Google Scholar
Jacob, T., & Johnson, S. L. (1997). Parent–child interaction among depressed fathers and mothers: Impact on child functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(4), 391409. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.11.4.391Google Scholar
Jacobs, R. H., Reinecke, M. A., Gollan, J. K., & Kane, P. (2008). Empirical evidence of cognitive vulnerability for depression among children and adolescents: A cognitive science and developmental perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(5), 759–82.Google Scholar
Joinson, C., Kounali, D., & Lewis, G. (2017). Family socioeconomic position in early life and onset of depressive symptoms and depression: A prospective cohort study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(1), 95103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1308-2.Google Scholar
Jones, E. J., Rohleder, N., & Schreier, H. M. (2020). Neuroendocrine coordination and youth behavior problems: A review of studies assessing sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis activity using salivary alpha amylase and salivary cortisol. Hormones and Behavior, 122, 104750.Google Scholar
Kane, P., & Garber, J. (2004). The relations among depression in fathers, children’s psychopathology, and father-child conflict: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(3), 339–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.03.004Google Scholar
Karnaze, M. M., & Levine, L. J. (2018). Sadness, the architect of cognitive change. In Lench, H. C. (Ed.), The function of emotions: When and why emotions help us. New York: Springer, pp. 4558. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77619-4_4Google Scholar
Kaufman, J., Martin, A., King, R. A., & Charney, D. (2001). Are child-, adolescent-, and adult-onset depression one and the same disorder? Biological Psychiatry, 49(12), 9801001.Google Scholar
Kemp, A. H., Quintana, D. S., Gray, M. A., Felmingham, K. L., Brown, K., & Gatt, J. M. (2010). Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: A review and meta-analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 67(11), 1067–74.Google Scholar
Keren, H., O’Callaghan, G., Vidal-Ribas, P. et al. (2018). Reward processing in depression: A conceptual and meta-analytic review across fMRI and EEG studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(11), 1111–20.Google Scholar
Kiernan, K. E., & Huerta, M. C. (2008). Economic deprivation, maternal depression, parenting and children’s cognitive and emotional development in early childhood. British Journal of Sociology, 59(4), 783806. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2008.00219.xGoogle Scholar
Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Zalewski, M. (2011). Nature and nurturing: Parenting in the context of child temperament. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), 251301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-011–0093–4Google Scholar
Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2006). Longitudinal trajectories of self-system processes and depressive symptoms among maltreated and non-maltreated children. Child Development, 77(3), 624–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00894.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kistner, J., Balthazor, M., Risi, S., & Burton, C. (1999). Predicting dysphoria in adolescence from actual and perceived peer acceptance in childhood. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28(1), 94104. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2801_8Google Scholar
Kiviruusu, O., Pietikäinen, J. T., Kylliäinen, A. et al. (2020). Trajectories of mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 24 months postpartum. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 629–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.038Google Scholar
Kochanska, G., Friesenborg, A. E., Lange, L. A., & Martel, M. M. (2004). Parents’ personality and infants’ temperament as contributors to their emerging relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(5), 744–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.744Google Scholar
Kochel, K. P., Ladd, G. W., & Rudolph, K. D. (2012). Longitudinal associations among youth depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and low peer acceptance: An interpersonal process perspective. Child Development, 83(2), 637–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467–8624.2011.01722.xGoogle Scholar
Koenig, J., Kemp, A. H., Beauchaine, T. P., Thayer, J. F., & Kaess, M. (2016). Depression and resting state heart rate variability in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 136–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.013Google Scholar
Korja, R., Nolvi, S., Grant, K. A., & McMahon, C. (2017). The relations between maternal prenatal anxiety or stress and child’s early negative reactivity or self-regulation: A systematic review. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 48(6), 851–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0709-0Google Scholar
Kotelnikova, Y., Mackrell, S. V. M., Jordan, P. L., & Hayden, E. P. (2015). Longitudinal associations between reactive and regulatory temperament traits and depressive symptoms in middle childhood. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44(5), 775–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.893517Google Scholar
Krygsman, A., & Vaillancourt, T. (2017). Longitudinal associations between depression symptoms and peer experiences: Evidence of symptoms-driven pathways. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 51, 2034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2017.05.003Google Scholar
Kuckertz, J. M., Mitchell, C., & Wiggins, J. L. (2018). Parenting mediates the impact of maternal depression on child internalizing symptoms. Depression and Anxiety, 35(1), 8997. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22688Google Scholar
Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Burke, J., Rathouz, P. J., & McBurnett, K. (2002). Waxing and waning in concert: Dynamic comorbidity of conduct disorder with other disruptive and emotional problems over 17 years among clinic-referred boys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 111(4), 556–67.Google Scholar
Lakdawalla, Z., Hankin, B. L., & Mermelstein, R. (2007). Cognitive theories of depression in children and adolescents: A conceptual and quantitative review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10(1), 124.Google Scholar
Lansford, J. E., Chang, L., Dodge, K. A. et al. (2005). Physical discipline and children’s adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator. Child Development, 76(6), 1234–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00847.xGoogle Scholar
Lee, E. W., Denison, F. C., Hor, K., & Reynolds, R. M. (2016). Web-based interventions for prevention and treatment of perinatal mood disorders: A systematic review. BioMed Cental Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0831-1Google Scholar
Leech, S. L., Larkby, C. A., Day, R., & Day, N. L. (2006). Predictors and correlates of high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms among children at age 10. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(2), 223–30. https://do.org/10.1097/01.ch.0000184930.18552.4dGoogle Scholar
Lemery, K. S., Essex, M. J., & Smider, N. A. (2002). Revealing the relation between temperament and behavior problem symptoms by eliminating measurement confounding: Expert ratings and factor analyses. Child Development, 73(3), 867–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00444Google Scholar
LeMoult, J., Humphreys, K. L., Tracy, A., Hoffmeister, J. A., Ip, E., & Gotlib, I. H. (2020). Meta-analysis: Exposure to early life stress and risk for depression in childhood and adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(7), 842–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.10.011Google Scholar
Lengua, L. J., & Long, A. C. (2002). The role of emotionality and self-regulation in the appraisal–coping process: Tests of direct and moderating effects. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 23(4), 471–93.Google Scholar
Leppert, K. A., Bufferd, S. J., Olino, T. M., & Dougherty, L. R. (2019). A daily diary analysis of preschool depressive behaviors: Prospective associations and moderators across 14 days. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(9), 1547–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00535-4Google Scholar
Lewinsohn, P. M., Steinmetz, J. L., Larson, D. W., & Franklin, J. (1981). Depression-related cognitions: Antecedent or consequence? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90(3), 213–19. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.90.3.213Google Scholar
Lewis, A. J., & Olsson, C. A. (2011). Early life stress and child temperament style as predictors of childhood anxiety and depressive symptoms: Findings from the longitudinal study of Australian children. Depression Research and Treatment, 2011, 296026. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/296026Google Scholar
Lewis, J. H., Sae-Koew, A. J., Toumbourou, J. W., & Bosco, R. (2020). Gender differences in trajectories of depressive symptoms across childhood and adolescence: A multi-group growth mixture model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 463–72.Google Scholar
Lin, B., Crnic, K., Luecken, L. J., & Gonzales, N. (2017). Ontogeny of emotional and behavioral problems in a low-income, Mexican American sample. Developmental Psychology, 53(12), 2245–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, B., Yeo, A. J., Luecken, L. J., & Roubinov, D. S. (2020). Effects of maternal and paternal postnatal depressive symptoms on infants’ parasympathetic regulation in low‐income, Mexican American families. Developmental Psychobiology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22073Google Scholar
Lin, B, Kidwell, M. C., Kerig, P. K., Crowell, S. E., & Fortuna, A. J. (2021). Profiles of autonomic stress responsivity in a sample of justice‐involved youth: Associations with childhood trauma exposure and emotional and behavioral functioning. Developmental Psychobiology, 63(2), 206–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21968Google Scholar
Lopez-Duran, N. L., Kovacs, M., & George, C. J. (2009). Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation in depressed children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(9), 1272–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.03.016Google Scholar
Lopez-Duran, N. L., McGinnis, E., Kuhlman, K., Geiss, E., Vargas, I., & Mayer, S. (2015). HPA-axis stress reactivity in youth depression: Evidence of impaired regulatory processes in depressed boys. Stress, 18(5), 545–53. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2015.1053455Google Scholar
Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O’Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(5), 561–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00100-7Google Scholar
Luby, J. L., Barch, D. M., Whalen, D., Tillman, R., & Freedland, K. E. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of parent-child psychotherapy targeting emotion development for early childhood depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(11), 1102–10. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030321Google Scholar
Luby, J. L., Belden, A., Sullivan, J., & Spitznagel, E. (2007). Preschoolers’ contribution to their diagnosis of depression and anxiety: Uses and limitations of young child self-report of symptoms. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 38(4), 321–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-007-0063-8Google Scholar
Luby, J. L., Belden, A. C., Pautsch, J., Si, X., & Spitznagel, E. (2009a). The clinical significance of preschool depression: Impairment in functioning and clinical markers of the disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 112(1–3), 111–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.026Google Scholar
Luby, J., Belden, A., Sullivan, J., Hayen, R., McCadney, A., & Spitznagel, E. (2009b). Shame and guilt in preschool depression: Evidence for elevations in self-conscious emotions in depression as early as age 3. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(9), 1156–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02077.xGoogle Scholar
Luby, J. L., Si, X., Belden, A. C., Tandon, M., & Spitznagel, E. (2009c). Preschool depression: Homotypic continuity and course over 24 months. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(8), 897905. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.97Google Scholar
Luby, J. L., Gaffrey, M. S., Tillman, R., April, L. M., & Belden, A. C. (2014). Trajectories of preschool disorders to full DSM depression at school age and early adolescence: Continuity of preschool depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(7), 768–76. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13091198Google Scholar
Luby, J. L., Heffelfinger, A. K., Mrakotsky, C., Hessler, M. J., Brown, K. M., & Hildebrand, T. (2002). Preschool major depressive disorder: Preliminary validation for developmentally modified criteria. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(8), 928–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200208000-00011Google Scholar
Luby, J. L., Heffelfinger, A., Mrakotsky, C., Brown, K., Hessler, M., & Spitznagel, E. (2003). Alterations in stress cortisol reactivity in depressed preschoolers relative to psychiatric and no-disorder comparison groups. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(12), 1248–55.Google Scholar
Luebbe, A. M., & Bell, D. J. (2014). Positive and negative family emotional climate differentially predict youth anxiety and depression via distinct affective Pathways. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(6), 897911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9838-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luking, K. R., Pagliaccio, D., Luby, J. L., & Barch, D. M. (2016). Reward processing and risk for depression across development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(6), 456–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.04.002Google Scholar
Manian, N., & Bornstein, M. H. (2009). Dynamics of emotion regulation in infants of clinically depressed and nondepressed mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(11), 1410–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02166.xGoogle Scholar
Mäntymaa, M., Puura, K., Luoma, I., Salmelin, R. K., & Tamminen, T. (2006). Mother’s early perception of her infant’s difficult temperament, parenting stress and early mother–infant interaction. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 60(5), 379–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480600937280Google Scholar
Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., & Stringaris, A. (2013). Depression in childhood and adolescence. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22(1), 3540.Google Scholar
McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018). Technoference: Parent distraction with technology and associations with child behavior problems. Child Development, 89(1), 100–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12822Google Scholar
McDonough-Caplan, H., Klein, D. N., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2018). Comorbidity and continuity of depression and conduct problems from elementary school to adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(3), 326–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000339Google Scholar
McElroy, E., Fearon, P., Belsky, J., Fonagy, P., & Patalay, P. (2018). Networks of depression and anxiety symptoms across development. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 57(12), 964–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.05.027Google Scholar
McElwain, N. L., & Volling, B. L. (1999). Depressed mood and marital conflict: Relations to maternal and paternal intrusiveness with one-year-old infants. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20(1), 6383.Google Scholar
McGee, R., & Williams, S. (1988). Childhood depression and reading ability: Is there a relationship? Journal of School Psychology, 26(4), 391–94.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Future directions in childhood adversity and youth psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 45(3), 361–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1110823Google Scholar
McLaughlin, K. A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2016). Beyond cumulative risk: A dimensional approach to childhood adversity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25(4), 239–45.Google Scholar
Melton, T. H., Croarkin, P. E., Strawn, J. R., & Mcclintock, S. M. (2016). Comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review and analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 22(2), 8498. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000132Google Scholar
Mesman, J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2009). The many faces of the Still-Face Paradigm: A review and meta-analysis. Developmental Review, 29(2), 120–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.02.001Google Scholar
Mezulis, A. H., Hyde, J. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (2006). The developmental origins of cognitive vulnerability to depression: Temperament, parenting, and negative life events in childhood as contributors to negative cognitive style. Developmental Psychology, 42(6), 1012–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.6.1012Google Scholar
Micco, J. A., Henin, A., Biederman, J. et al. (2009). Executive functioning in offspring at risk for depression and anxiety. Depression and Anxiety, 26(9), 780–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.2057Google Scholar
Mlawer, F., Hubbard, J. A., Bookhout, M. K. et al. (2019). Bidirectional relations between internalizing symptoms and peer victimization in late childhood. Social Development, 28(4), 942–59.Google Scholar
Monroe, S. M., & Simons, A. D. (1991). Diathesis-stress theories in the context of life stress research: Implications for the depressive disorders. Psychological Bulletin, 110(3), 406–25.Google Scholar
Moran, K. M., Root, A. E., Vizy, B. K., Wilson, T. K., & Gentzler, A. L. (2019). Maternal socialization of children’s positive affect regulation: Associations with children’s savoring, dampening, and depressive symptoms. Social Development, 28(2), 306–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12338Google Scholar
Morelen, D., Shaffer, A., & Suveg, C. (2016). Maternal emotion regulation: Links to emotion parenting and child emotion regulation. Journal of Family Issues, 37(13), 18911916.Google Scholar
Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16(2), 361–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.xGoogle Scholar
Murray, L., Hipwell, A., Hooper, R., Stein, A., & Cooper, P. (1996). The cognitive development of 5-year-old children of postnatally depressed mothers. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 37(8), 927–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01490.xGoogle Scholar
Murray, L., Marwick, H., & Arteche, A. (2010). Sadness in mothers’ “baby-talk” predicts affective disorder in adolescent offspring. Infant Behavior and Development, 33(3), 361–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.03.009Google Scholar
Natsuaki, M. N., Shaw, D. S., Neiderhiser, J. M. et al. (2014). Raised by depressed parents: Is it an environmental risk? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17(4), 357–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-014-0169-zGoogle Scholar
Nearchou, F., Flinn, C., Niland, R., Subramanium, S.S, & Hennessy, E. (2020). Exploring the impact of Covid-19 on mental health outcomes of children and adolescents: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Review and Public Health, 17(22), 8479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228479Google Scholar
Neiss, M. B., Stevenson, J., Legrand, L. N., Iacono, W. G., & Sedikides, C. (2009). Self-esteem, negative emotionality, and depression as a common temperamental core: A study of mid-adolescent twin girls. Journal of Personality, 77(2), 327–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00549.xGoogle Scholar
Newland, R. P., Ciciolla, L., & Crnic, K. A. (2015). Crossover effects among parental hostility and parent–child relationships during the preschool period. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(7), 2107–19.Google Scholar
Nigg, J. T. (2006). Temperament and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3–4), 395422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01612.xGoogle Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2004). The response styles theory. In Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (Eds.), Depressive rumination: Nature, theory and treatment. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 107–23.Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Watkins, E. R. (2011). A heuristic for developing transdiagnostic models of psychopathology: Explaining multifinality and divergent trajectories. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 589609.Google Scholar
Norcross, P. L., Bailes, L. G., & Leerkes, E. (2020). Effects of maternal depressive symptoms on sensitivity to infant distress and non-distress: Role of SES and race. Infant Behavior and Development, 61, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/jinfbeh.2020.101498Google Scholar
O’Connor, E. E., Langer, D. A., & Tompson, M. C. (2017). Maternal depression and youth internalizing and externalizing symptomatology: Severity and chronicity of past maternal depression and current maternal depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(3), 557–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0185-1Google Scholar
O’Donnell, K. J., Jensen, A. B., Freeman, L., Khalife, N., O’Connor, T. G., & Glover, V. (2012). Maternal prenatal anxiety and downregulation of placental 11β-HSD2. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(6), 818–26.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, K. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2017). Fetal origins of mental health: The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(4), 319–28. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020138Google Scholar
Oldehinkel, A. J., Veenstra, R., Ormel, J., De Winter, A. F., & Verhulst, F. C. (2006). Temperament, parenting, and depressive symptoms in a population sample of preadolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(7), 684–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01535.xGoogle Scholar
Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2018). Some problems with cyberbullying research. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 139–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.012Google Scholar
Pang, K. C., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2013). Longitudinal patterns of autonomic nervous system responding to emotion evocation among children with conduct problems and/or depression. Developmental Psychobiology, 55(7), 698706.Google Scholar
Pariante, C. M., & Lightman, S. L. (2008). The HPA axis in major depression: Classical theories and new developments. Trends in Neurosciences, 31(9), 464–68.Google Scholar
Paulson, J. F., & Bazemore, S. D. (2010). Prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(19), 1961–69. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.605Google Scholar
Pearson, R. M., Bornstein, M. H., Cordero, M. et al. (2016). Maternal perinatal mental health and offspring academic achievement at age 16: The mediating role of childhood executive function. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(4), 491501. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12483Google Scholar
Piteo, A. M., Yelland, L. N., & Makrides, M. (2012). Does maternal depression predict developmental outcome in 18 month old infants? Early Human Development, 88(8), 651–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.01.013Google Scholar
Pitzer, M., Esser, G., Schmidt, M. H., Hohm, E., Banaschewski, T., & Laucht, M. (2017). Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study from early childhood to preadolescence. Journal of Neural Transmission, 124(5), 631–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2Google Scholar
Pluess, M., & Belsky, J. (2011). Prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity? Development and Psychopathology, 23(1), 2938. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000623Google Scholar
Porges, S. W. (2007). The polyvagal perspective. Biological Psychology, 74(2), 116–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.009Google Scholar
Priel, A., Djalovski, A., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2019). Maternal depression impacts child psychopathology across the first decade of life: Oxytocin and synchrony as markers of resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(1), 3042. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12880Google Scholar
Priel, A., Zeev-Wolf, M., Djalovski, A., & Feldman, R. (2020). Maternal depression impairs child emotion understanding and executive functions: The role of dysregulated maternal care across the first decade of life. Emotion, 20(6), 1042–58. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000614Google Scholar
Priest, N., Paradies, Y., Trenerry, B., Truong, M., Karlsen, S., & Kelly, Y. (2013). A systematic review of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and wellbeing for children and young people. Social Science and Medicine, 95, 115–27.Google Scholar
Prinstein, M. J., Cheah, C. S. L., & Guyer, A. E. (2005). Peer victimization, cue interpretation, and internalizing symptoms: Preliminary concurrent and longitudinal findings for children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 1124. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_2Google Scholar
Putnam, S. P., Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Measurement of fine-grained aspects of toddler temperament: The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 29(3), 386401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.01.004Google Scholar
Putnick, D. L., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M. et al. (2020). Trajectories of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms. Pediatrics, 146(5), e20200857. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-085Google Scholar
Ramchandani, P., Stein, A., Evans, J., & O’Connor, T. G. (2005). Paternal depression in the postnatal period and child development: A prospective population study. The Lancet, 365(9478), 2201–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66778-5Google Scholar
Rao, U. & Chen, L. A. (2009). Characteristics, correlates, and outcomes of childhood and adolescent depressive disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 11(1), 4562.Google Scholar
Rao, U., Hammen, C., Ortiz, L. R., Chen, L. A., & Poland, R. E. (2008). Effects of early and recent adverse experiences on adrenal response to psychosocial stress in depressed adolescents. Biological Psychiatry, 64(6), 521–26.Google Scholar
Reijntjes, A., Kamphuis, J. H., Prinzie, P., & Telch, M. J. (2010). Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34(4), 244–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.07.009Google Scholar
Reinfjell, T., Kårstad, S. B., Berg-Nielsen, T. S., Luby, J. L., & Wichstrøm, L. (2016). Predictors of change in depressive symptoms from preschool to first grade. Development and Psychopathology, 28(4pt2), 1517–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415001170CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rhoades, B. L., Greenberg, M. T., Lanza, S. T., & Blair, C. (2011). Demographic and familial predictors of early executive function development: Contribution of a person-centered perspective. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(3), 638–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.08.004Google Scholar
Rice, F. (2010). Genetics of childhood and adolescent depression: Insights into etiological heterogeneity and challenges for future genomic research. Genome Medicine, 2(9), 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/gm189Google Scholar
Rice, F., Harold, G., & Thapar, A. (2002). The genetic aetiology of childhood depression: A review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(1), 6579. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00004Google Scholar
Rooney, R., Hassan, S., Kane, R., Roberts, C. M., & Nesa, M. (2013). Reducing depression in 9–10 year old children in low SES schools: A longitudinal universal randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(12), 845–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.005Google Scholar
Rothbart, M. K. (2011). Becoming who we are: Temperament and personality in development. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72(5), 13941408.Google Scholar
Rubin, K. H., & Coplan, R. J. (2007). Paying attention to and not neglecting social withdrawal and social isolation. In Ladd, G. W. (Ed.), Landscapes of childhood. Appraising the human developmental sciences: Essays in honor of Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, pp. 156–85.Google Scholar
Rudolph, K. D. (2009). The interpersonal context of adolescent depression. In Nolen-Hoeksema, S. & Hilt, L. M. (Eds.), Handbook of depression in adolescents. New York: Routledge, pp. 377418.Google Scholar
Rudolph, K. D., Flynn, M., & Abaied, J. L. (2008). A developmental perspective on interpersonal theories of youth depression. In Abela, J. R. Z. & Hankin, B. L. (Eds.), Child and adolescent depression: Cause, treatment, and prevention. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 79102.Google Scholar
Rudolph, K. D., Troop-Gordon, W., & Flynn, M. (2009). Relational victimization predicts children’s social-cognitive and self-regulatory responses in a challenging peer context. Developmental Psychology, 45(5), 1444–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.461Google Scholar
Rudolph, K. D., Troop-Gordon, W., Hessel, E. T., & Schmidt, J. D. (2011). A latent growth curve analysis of early and increasing peer victimization as predictors of mental health across elementary school. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40(1), 111–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.533413Google Scholar
Ruscio, J., & Ruscio, A. M. (2000). Informing the continuity controversy: A taxometric analysis of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 473–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.473Google Scholar
Sallquist, J., Eisenberg, N., French, D. C., Purwono, U., & Suryanti, T. A. (2010). Indonesian adolescents’ spiritual and religious experiences and their longitudinal relations with socioemotional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 46(3), 699716. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018879Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. J. (1983). Developmental systems: Contexts and evolution, Vol. 1. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). (2016). DSM-5 changes: Implications for child serious emotional disturbance. SAMHSA. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DSM5ImpactAdultMI-2016.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sander, L. W., Julia, H. L., Stechler, G., & Burns, P. (1972). Continuous 24-hour interactional monitoring in infants reared in two caretaking environments. Psychosomatic Medicine, 34(3), 270–82.Google Scholar
Sandman, C. A., Glynn, L. M., & Davis, E. P. (2013). Is there a viability–vulnerability tradeoff? Sex differences in fetal programming. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75(4), 327–35.Google Scholar
Scaramella, L. V., & Leve, L. D. (2004). Clarifying parent–child reciprocities during early childhood: The early childhood coercion model. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 7(2), 89107. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CCFP.0000030287.13160.a3Google Scholar
Schlotz, W., & Phillips, D. I. W. (2009). Fetal origins of mental health: Evidence and mechanisms. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 23(7), 905–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.001Google Scholar
Scorza, P., Duarte, C. S., Hipwell, A. E. et al. (2018). Research review: Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage: epigenetics and parents’ childhoods as the first exposure. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(2), 119–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12877Google Scholar
Seaton, E. K., Gee, G. C., Neblett, E., & Spanierman, L. (2018). New directions for racial discrimination research as inspired by the integrative model. American Psychologist, 73(6), 768–80.Google Scholar
Sethna, V., Murray, L., Edmondson, O., Iles, J., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2018). Depression and playfulness in fathers and young infants: A matched design comparison study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 229, 364–70.Google Scholar
Sethna, V., Murray, L., Netsi, E., Psychogiou, L., & Goodman, P. G. (2015). Paternal depression in the postnatal period and early father–infant interactions. Parenting, 15(1), 18.Google Scholar
Shannon, K. E., Beauchaine, T. P., Brenner, S. L., Neuhaus, E., & Gatzke-Kopp, L. (2007). Familial and temperamental predictors of resilience in children at risk for conduct disorder and depression. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 701–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407000351Google Scholar
Shiner, R. L., Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (2002). A developmental perspective on personality in emerging adulthood: Childhood antecedents and concurrent adaptation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1165–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1165Google Scholar
Shulman, B., Dueck, R., Ryan, D., Breau, G., Sadowski, I., & Misri, S. (2018). Feasibility of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group intervention as an adjunctive treatment for postpartum depression and anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235, 6167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.065Google Scholar
Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Skuban, E. M., Oland, A. A., & Kovacs, M. (2006). Emotion regulation strategies in offspring of childhood-onset depressed mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(1), 6978. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01440.xGoogle Scholar
Slagt, M., Dubas, J. S., Deković, M., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2016). Differences in sensitivity to parenting depending on child temperament: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 142(10), 10681110. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000061Google Scholar
Snyder, H. R. (2013). Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function: A meta-analysis and review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 81132. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028727Google Scholar
Spry, E. A., Aarsman, S. R., Youssef, G. J. et al. (2020). Maternal and paternal depression and anxiety and offspring negative affectivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Developmental Review, 58, 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2020.100934Google Scholar
Sravish, A. V., Tronick, E., Hollenstein, T., & Beeghly, M. (2013). Dyadic flexibility during the face-to-face still-face paradigm: A dynamic systems analysis of its temporal organization. Infant Behavior and Development, 36(3), 432–37.Google Scholar
Stein, A., Pearson, R. M., Goodman, S. H. et al. (2014). Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. The Lancet, 384(9956), 1800–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61277-0Google Scholar
Stephens-Davidowitz, S. (2014). The cost of racial animus on a black candidate: Evidence using Google search data. Journal of Public Economics, 118, 2640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.04.010Google Scholar
Stetler, C., & Miller, G. E. (2011). Depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation: A quantitative summary of four decades of research. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(2), 114–26.Google Scholar
Stockdale, L. A., Porter, C. L., Coyne, S. M. et al. (2020). Infants’ response to a mobile phone modified still‐face paradigm: Links to maternal behaviors and beliefs regarding technoference. Infancy, 25(5), 571–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12342Google Scholar
Super, C. M., Axia, G., Harkness, S. et al. (2008). Culture, temperament, and the “difficult child”: A study of seven Western cultures. European Journal of Developmental Science, 2(1–2), 136–57.Google Scholar
Sutter-Dallay, A., Murray, L., Dequae-Merchadou, L., Glatigny-Dallay, E., Bourgeois, M., & Verdoux, H. (2011). A prospective longitudinal study of the impact of early postnatal vs. chronic maternal depressive symptoms on child development. European Psychiatry, 26(8), 484–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.05.004Google Scholar
Suzuki, H., Belden, A. C., Spitznagel, E., Dietrich, R., & Luby, J. L. (2013). Blunted stress cortisol reactivity and failure to acclimate to familiar stress in depressed and sub-syndromal children. Psychiatry Research, 210(2), 575–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.038Google Scholar
Sweeney, S., & MacBeth, A. (2016). The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 205, 4459.Google Scholar
Taraban, L., Shaw, D. S., Leve, L. D. et al. (2017). Maternal depression and parenting in early childhood: Contextual influence of marital quality and social support in two samples. Developmental Psychology, 53(3), 436–49. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000261Google Scholar
Thapar, A., & Rice, F. (2006). Twin studies in pediatric depression. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 15(4), 869–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2006.05.007Google Scholar
Tissot, H., Favez, N., Ghisletta, P., Frascarolo, F., & Despland, J.-N. (2017). A longitudinal study of parental depressive symptoms and coparenting in the first 18 months. Family Process, 56(2), 445–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp12213Google Scholar
Toenders, Y. J., van Velzen, L. S., Heideman, I. Z., Harrison, B. J., Davey, C. G., & Schmaal, L. (2019). Neuroimaging predictors of onset and course of depression in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 39, 100700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100700Google Scholar
Tompson, M. C., Sugar, C. A., Langer, D. A., & Asarnow, J. R. (2017). A randomized clinical trial comparing family-focused treatment and individual supportive therapy for depression in childhood and early adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 515–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.018Google Scholar
Tram, J. M., & Cole, D. A. (2006). A multimethod examination of the stability of depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 674–86. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.674Google Scholar
Tronick, E. Z. (2007). The neurobehavioral and social-emotional development of infants and children. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Tronick, E., Als, H., Adamson, L., Wise, S., & Brazelton, T. B. (1978). The infant’s response to entrapment between contradictory messages in face-to-face interaction. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 17(1), 113.Google Scholar
Tronick, E. Z., & Reck, C. (2009). Infants of depressed mothers. Har-vard Review of Psychiatry, 17(2), 147–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220902899714Google Scholar
Troop-Gordon, W., Rudolph, K. D., Sugimura, N., & Little, T. D. (2015). Peer victimization in middle childhood impedes adaptive responses to stress: A pathway to depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44(3), 432–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.891225Google Scholar
Tse, A. C., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Gillman, M. W., & Oken, E. (2010). Association of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms with child cognition at age 3 years. Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 24, 232–40.Google Scholar
Turney, K. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of stability and change in maternal depression: Evidence from the fragile families and child wellbeing study. PLoS One, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045709Google Scholar
Twenge, J. M., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2002). Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort difference on the children’s depression inventory: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(4), 578–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.578Google Scholar
Ulrich-Lai, Y. M., & Herman, J. P. (2009). Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 397409. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2647Google Scholar
Valiente, C., Fabes, R. A., Eisenberg, N., & Spinrad, T. L. (2004). The relations of parental expressivity and support to children’s coping with daily stress. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(1), 97106. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.97Google Scholar
Vallotton, C., Harewood, T., Froyen, L., Brophy-Herb, H., & Ayoub, C. (2016). Child behavior problems: Mothers’ and fathers’ mental health matters today and tomorrow. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 37, 8193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.02.006Google Scholar
Van Beveren, M. L., Mezulis, A., Wante, L., & Braet, C. (2019). Joint contributions of negative emotionality, positive emotionality, and effortful control on depressive symptoms in youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 48(1), 131–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1233499Google Scholar
Van den Bergh, B. R. H., van den Heuvel, M. I., Lahti, M. et al. (2017). Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: The influence of maternal stress in pregnancy. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 117, 2664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.003Google Scholar
Van der Waerden, J., Galéra, C., Larroque, B., Saurel-Cubizolles, M., Sutter-Dallay, A., & Melchior, M. (2015). Maternal depression trajectories and children’s behavior at age 5 years. The Journal of Pediatrics, 166(6), 1440–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.03.002Google Scholar
Vidal-Ribas, P., Benson, B., Vitale, A. D. et al. (2019). Bidirectional association between stress and reward processing in children and adolescents: A longitudinal neuroimaging study. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 4 (10), 893901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.012Google Scholar
Vilgis, V., Silk, T. J., & Vance, A. (2015). Executive function and attention in children and adolescents with depressive disorders: A systematic review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(4), 365–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0675-7Google Scholar
Vreeland, A., Gruhn, M. A., Watson, K. H. et al. (2019). Parenting in context: Associations of parental depression and socioeconomic factors with parenting behaviors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(4), 1124–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019–01338–3Google Scholar
Wagner, K. D. (2003). Major depression in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 33(4), 266–70. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20030401-07Google Scholar
Wallace, D. (2011). Discriminatory mass de-housing and low-weight births: Scales of geography, time, and level. Journal of Urban Health, 88(3), 454–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-011-9581-6Google Scholar
Wang, Y., & Dix, T. (2017). Mothers’ depressive symptoms in infancy and children’s adjustment in grade school: The role of children’s sustained attention and executive function. Developmental Psychology, 53(9), 1666–79. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000373Google Scholar
Waszczuk, M. A., Zimmerman, M., Ruggero, C. et al. (2017). What do clinicians treat: Diagnoses or symptoms? The incremental validity of a symptom-based, dimensional characterization of emotional disorders in predicting medication prescription patterns. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 79, 8088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.04.004Google Scholar
Weems, C. F., Zakem, A. H., Costa, N. M., Cannon, M. F., & Watts, S. E. (2005). Physiological response and childhood anxiety: Association with symptoms of anxiety disorders and cognitive bias. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(4), 712–23. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_13Google Scholar
Weersing, V. R., Jeffreys, M., Do, M. T., Schwartz, K. T. G., & Bolano, C. (2017). Evidence base update of psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(1), 1143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1220310Google Scholar
Weinberg, M. K., Olson, K. L., Beeghly, M., & Tronick, E. Z. (2006). Making up is hard to do, especially for mothers with high levels of depressive symptoms and their infant sons. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(7), 670–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01545.xGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, M. K., & Tronick, E. Z. (1996). Infant affective reactions to the resumption of maternal interaction after the still-face. Child Development, 67(3), 905–14.Google Scholar
Weinberg, M. K., Tronick, E. Z., Beeghly, M., Olson, K. L., Kernan, H., & Riley, J. M. (2001). Subsyndromal depressive symptoms and major depression in postpartum women. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(1), 8797. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.71.1.87Google Scholar
Weiss, B., & Garber, J. (2003). Developmental differences in the phenomenology of depression. Development and Psychopathology, 15(2), 403–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579403000221Google Scholar
Weiss, B., Weisz, J. R., Politano, M., Carey, M., Nelson, W. M., & Finch, A. J. (1992). Relations among self-reported depressive symptoms in clinic-referred children versus adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(3), 391–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.101.3.391Google Scholar
Werner-Seidler, A., Perry, Y., Calear, A. L., Newby, J. M., & Christensen, H. (2017). School-based depression and anxiety prevention programs for young people: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 3047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.005Google Scholar
Wesselhoeft, R., Heiervang, E. R., Kragh-Sørensen, P., Juul Sørensen, M., & Bilenberg, N. (2016). Major depressive disorder and subthreshold depression in prepubertal children from the danish national birth cohort. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 70, 6576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.012Google Scholar
Wetter, E. K., & Hankin, B. L. (2009). Mediational pathways through which positive and negative emotionality contribute to anhedonic symptoms of depression: A prospective study of adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(4), 507–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009–9299-zGoogle Scholar
White, R., Pasco, M. C., Gonzales, N. A., Knight, G. P., & Burleson, E. (2019). US Mexican parents’ use of harsh parenting in the context of neighborhood danger. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(1), 7787. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000447Google Scholar
Wickramaratne, P., Gameroff, M. J., Pilowsky, D. J. et al. (2011). Children of depressed mothers 1 year after remission of maternal depression: Findings from the STAR*D-Child study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(6), 593602. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10010032Google Scholar
Williams, D. T. (2018). Parental depression and cooperative coparenting: A longitudinal and dyadic approach. Family Relations, 67(2), 253–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12308Google Scholar
Williamson, D. E., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D. A., Ryan, N. D., & Dahl, R. E. (2004). First episode of depression in children at low and high familial risk for depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(3), 291–97. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200403000-00010Google Scholar
Wilson, S., & Durbin, C. E. (2010). Effects of paternal depression on fathers’ parenting behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 167–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.007Google Scholar
Wolff, J. C. & Ollendick, T. H. (2006). The comorbidity of conduct problems and depression in childhood and adolescence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9(3–4), 201–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-006-0011-3Google Scholar
Wright, C. A., George, T. P., Burke, R., Gelfand, D. M., & Teti, D. M. (2000). Early maternal depression and children’s adjustment to school. Child Study Journal, 30(3), 153–68.Google Scholar
Wu, Q., Feng, X., Hooper, E. G., Gerhardt, M., Ku, S., & Chan, M. H.-M. (2019). Mother’s emotion coaching and preschooler’s emotionality: Moderation by maternal parenting stress. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 65, 101066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101066Google Scholar
Yorbik, O., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D., Williamson, D. E., & Ryan, N. D. (2004). Clinical characteristics of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(12), 1654–59. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v65n1210Google Scholar
Zeanah, C. H., Jr., & Zeanah, P. D. (2009). The scope of infant mental health. In Zeanah, C. H. Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of infant mental health (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press, pp. 521.Google Scholar
Zhou, Q., Lengua, L. J., & Wang, Y. (2009). The relations of temperament reactivity and effortful control to children’s adjustment problems in China and the United States. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 724–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013776Google Scholar
Zhou, Q., Main, A., & Wang, Y. (2010). The relations of temperamental effortful control and anger/frustration to Chinese children’s academic achievement and social adjustment: A longitudinal study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(1), 180–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015908Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Depression in Children's Lives
  • Keith Crnic, Arizona State University, Betty Lin, State University of New York, Albany
  • Online ISBN: 9781108887144
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Depression in Children's Lives
  • Keith Crnic, Arizona State University, Betty Lin, State University of New York, Albany
  • Online ISBN: 9781108887144
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Depression in Children's Lives
  • Keith Crnic, Arizona State University, Betty Lin, State University of New York, Albany
  • Online ISBN: 9781108887144
Available formats
×