Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T02:07:48.664Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Exam F: - Answers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2017

Keith Davies
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, Bristol
Christopher Gough
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, Bristol
Emma King
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, Bristol
Benjamin Plumb
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, Bristol
Benjamin Walton
Affiliation:
North Bristol NHS Trust
Get access

Summary

You are asked to review a previously fit and well 60-year-old woman on the medical admissions ward who has been admitted complaining of shortness of breath and lethargy, she is tachycardic (110 bpm) and blood tests reveal anaemia. There is no evidence of external or internal bleeding.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Reference

Craig, JIO, McClelland, DBL, Ludlam, CA. Blood disorders. In Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 20th edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2006, p 1029.Google Scholar

Reference

Brand, RA. Editorial: Standards of Reporting: The CONSORT, QUORUM, and STROBE Guidelines. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(6):13931394.Google Scholar

References

Bion, J, Richardson, A, Hibbert, P, et al.Matching Michigan’: a 2-year stepped interventional programme to minimise central venous catheter-blood stream infections in intensive care units in England. BMJ Qual Saf. 2013;22(2):110123.Google Scholar
Health Protection Agency. English National Point Prevalence Survey on Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use. 2011. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/331871/English_National_Point_Prevalence_Survey_on_Healthcare_associated_Infections_and_Antimicrobial_Use_2011.pdf (accessed March 2015).Google Scholar

Reference

Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group. The management of the hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) in adults with diabetes. 2012. http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Position%20statements/JBDS-IP-HHS-Adults.pdf (accessed October 14).Google Scholar

Reference

Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary. 69th ed. London: BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press; 2015.Google Scholar

References

Abdallah, E, Waked, E, Nabil, M, El-Bendary, O. Cystatin C as a marker of GFR in comparison with serum creatinine and formulas depending on serum creatinine in adult Egyptian patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Sci. 2014;10(6):162169.Google Scholar

References

Dhillon, MS, Shah, KB, Rimawi, RH. ICU infection control and preventive measures. http://esciencecentral.org/ebooks/bedside-critical-care-guide/icu-infection-control-and-preventive-measures.php (accessed March 15).Google Scholar
Loveday, HP, Wilson, JA, Prat, RJ, et al. epic3: National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. J Hosp Infect. 2014;86(Suppl 1):S1S70.Google Scholar

References

Barr, J, Fraser, GL, Puntillo, K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(1):263306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ely, EW, Margolin, R, Francis, J, et al. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med. 2001;29(7):13701379.Google Scholar

Reference

Moore, KL, Agur, AMR, Dalley, AF. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 5th edition. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. http://www.thoracic-anesthesia.com (accessed April 2015).Google Scholar

References

Jauch, EC, Saver, JL, Adams, HP, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2013;44(3):870947.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Alteplase for treating acute ischaemic stroke (TA264). London: NICE, 2012. http://nice.org.uk/guidance/ta264 (accessed March 2015).Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Stroke: diagnosis and initial management of acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) (CG68). London: NICE, 2012. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg68 (accessed March 2015).Google Scholar

References

Peck, TE, Hill, SA, Williams, M. Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Salgado, DR, Silva, E, Vincent, J-L. Control of hypertension in the critically ill: a pathophysiological approach. Ann Inten Care. 2013, 3:17.Google Scholar

Reference

Joint FICM/ICS Standards Committee. Guidelines for Provision of Intensive Care Services 2015. http://www.ics.ac.uk/ics-homepage/latest-news/guidelines-for-the-provision-of-intensive-care-services (accessed April 2015).Google Scholar

References

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). MI – secondary prevention: secondary prevention in primary and secondary care for patients following a myocardial infarction (CG172; last revised in September 2014) (accessed March 2015).Google Scholar
The Task Force on the Management of ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:25692619. http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/ehj/33/20/2569.full.pdf (accessed January 2016).Google Scholar

References

LaBrecque, D, Khan, AG, Sarin, SK, Le Mair, AW. World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines. Esophageal varices. 2014. http://www.worldgastroenterology.org/assets/export/userfiles/2014_FINAL_ESOPHAGEAL-VARICES.pdf (accessed February 2015).Google Scholar
Reverter, E, Garcia-Pagan, JC. Management of an acute variceal bleeding episode. Clin Liver Dis. 2012:1(5);151154.Google Scholar
Villanueva, C, Colomo, A, Bosch, A, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Eng J Med. 2013;368(1):1121.Google Scholar

References

Department of Health and the Health Protection Agency. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza – a summary of guidance for infection control in healthcare settings. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361997/Pandemic_influenza_guidance_for_infection_control_in_critical_care.pdf (accessed August 2015).Google Scholar
Loveday, HP, Wilson, JA, Prat, RJ, et al. epic3: National Evidence-Based Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals in England. Journal of Hospital Infection 2014;86(Suppl 1):S1S70.Google Scholar

Reference

Hooper, C, Lee, YCG, Maskell, N. Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010;65(Suppl 2):ii4i17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Oddo, M, Feihl, F, Schaller, MD, Perret, C. Management of mechanical ventilation in acute severe asthma: practical aspects. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32(4):501510.Google Scholar
Tuxen, D, Naughton, M. Chapter 31: Acute severe asthma. In Bersten, A, Soni, N. Oh's Intensive Care Manual. Sixth Edition. Edinburgh: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier, 2006.Google Scholar

References

Donovan, K, Colreavy, F. Echocardiography in intensive care. In Oh's Intensive Care Manual. 6th edition. Bersten, A, Soni, N. Edinburgh: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier, Chapter 23.Google Scholar

Reference

Lake, C, Beecroft, C. Extravasation injuries and accidental intra-arterial injection. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2010;10(4):109113.Google Scholar

References

Danbury, T, Gould, T, Baudouin, S, et al, on behalf of the Core Standards Working Party of the Intensive Care Society. Core standards for intensive care units. 2013. http://www.ics.ac.uk/ics-homepage/guidelines-and-standards (accessed April 2015).Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Acutely ill patients in hospital: recognition of and response to acute illness in adults in hospital (CG 50). London: NICE, 2007.Google Scholar

References

National Patient Safety Agency. CAS reference: NPSA/2011/PSA002. Nasogastric feeding tubes decision tree adults. March 2011. http://www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/EasySiteWeb/getresource.axd?AssetID=129697& (accessed May 2015).Google Scholar
England, NHS. Patient safety alert (alert reference no. NHS/PSA/W/2013/001. December 2013. http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/psa-ng-tube.pdf (accessed May 2015).Google Scholar

Reference

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Nutrition support in adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition (CG32). London: NICE, 2006.Google Scholar

Reference

Moore, KL, Dalley, AF, Agur, AMR. Chapter 1: Thorax. In Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 7th edition. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2014.Google Scholar

References

Bishop, S, Maguire, S. Anaesthesia and intensive care for major burns. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. February 2012. http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/23/bjaceaccp.mks001.full.pdf (accessed January 2016).Google Scholar
Fenlon, S, Nene, S. Burns in children. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care. 2007;7(3):7680.Google Scholar

References

Cook, T, Woodall, N, Frerk, C. 4th National Audit Project (NAP4): Major complications of airway management in the United Kingdom. Report and findings. March 2011. http://www.rcoa.ac.uk/nap4 (accessed June 2015).Google Scholar
Davis, P, Kenny, G. Basic Physics and Measurement in Anaesthesia. 5th edition. London: Elsevier, 2003.Google Scholar

Reference

Ng, A, Swanevelder, J. Hypoxaemia during one-lung anaesthesia. Contin Educ Anaesthe Crit Care Pain. 2010;10(4):117122.Google Scholar

References

Mehanna, H, Moledina, J, Travis, J. Refeeding syndrome: what is it, and how to prevent and treat it. Br Med J. 2008;336(7659):14951498.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Nutrition support in adults: Oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition (CG32). London: NICE, 2006.Google Scholar

References

Boyle, A, MacSweeney, R, McAuley, D. Pharmacological treatments in ARDS; a state-of-the-art update. BMC Med. 2013;11(1):166.Google Scholar
Papazian, L, Forel, J-M, Gacouin, A, et al. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:11071116.Google Scholar
Peter, JV, John, P, Graham, PL, et al. Corticosteroids in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008;336:10061009.Google Scholar
Slutsky, AS, Ranieri, VM. Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(22):21262136.Google Scholar

References

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia (CG102). London: NICE, 2010. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg102/chapter/1-guidance (accessed February 23, 2016).Google Scholar
Tunkel, A, Hartman, B. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004:39;12671284.Google Scholar

References

Al-Mudhaffar, M, Hormbrey, P. Abdominal trauma. BMedJ 2014;348:g1140.Google Scholar
Hoff, WS, Holevar, M, Nagy, KK, et al. Practice management guidelines for the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma: the East Practice Management Guidelines Work Group. J Trauma. 2002;53:602615.Google Scholar
Simel, DL. Does this adult patient have a blunt intra-abdominal injury? JAMA. 2012;307:1517.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×