Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 The far right in the German and Russian Empires
- 2 At the extreme in the Ukraine and in Germany
- 3 “Hand in hand with Germany”
- 4 The international radical right's Aufbau (reconstruction)
- 5 “Germany–Russia above everything”
- 6 Conspiracies of fire and the sword
- 7 “In Quick March to the Abyss!”
- 8 The four writers of the apocalypse
- 9 Aufbau's legacy to National Socialism
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
- NEW STUDIES IN EUROPEAN HISTORY
3 - “Hand in hand with Germany”
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 July 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 The far right in the German and Russian Empires
- 2 At the extreme in the Ukraine and in Germany
- 3 “Hand in hand with Germany”
- 4 The international radical right's Aufbau (reconstruction)
- 5 “Germany–Russia above everything”
- 6 Conspiracies of fire and the sword
- 7 “In Quick March to the Abyss!”
- 8 The four writers of the apocalypse
- 9 Aufbau's legacy to National Socialism
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
- NEW STUDIES IN EUROPEAN HISTORY
Summary
The 1919 Latvian Intervention of a combined anti-Bolshevik German/White force built upon the international right-wing collaboration that had been established during the German occupation of the Ukraine in 1918. The German/White crusade against Bolshevik forces in the Baltic region is more well known than the German Ukrainian Intervention, notably due to the German author Klaus Theweleit's detailed study of the German Freikorps (volunteer corps) in the Baltic area, Male Fantasies. Freikorps in Latvia fought side by side with Whites, including many veterans of previous anti-Bolshevik operations directed from inside and just outside the Ukraine under Germany's aegis. White émigrés played key leadership roles in the Latvian Intervention. Pavel Bermondt-Avalov, who had earlier helped to establish the Southern Army near the Ukraine in 1918, rose to lead the German/White expeditionary force in Latvia. General Vladimir Biskupskii, who had played a leading role in Hetman Pavel Skoropadskii's Ukrainian Volunteer Army, represented Bermondt-Avalov's Western Volunteer Army politically in Berlin.
In addition to spurring the pro-nationalist German careers of Bermondt-Avalov and Biskupskii (both White officers went on to serve Hitler's National Socialist movement), the Latvian Intervention solidified the Baltic German “Rubonia clique” of four determined anti-Bolsheviks from the same Riga fraternity in Imperial Russia. This right-wing quartet consisted of Max von Scheubner-Richter, who had aided the Imperial German advance into the Baltic region during World War I, Otto von Kursell, Arno Schickedanz, and Alfred Rosenberg.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Russian Roots of NazismWhite Émigrés and the Making of National Socialism, 1917–1945, pp. 78 - 108Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2005