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40 - The Archaeozoological Record in a Changing Environment of the Late Middle to the Late Pleistocene

from Part IV: - Palaeoecology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

By
Rivka Rabinovich
Edited by
Yehouda Enzel  and
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Yehouda Enzel
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

Changes in human behaviour occurred during the ~300-250 ka to 12 ka interval in the Levant; the Middle (250–40 ka) and Upper Palaeolithic (40–18 ka), and Epi-Palaeolithic (18–11.5 ka). Human species associated with this lengthy era are Homo erectus senso lato, early Homo sapiens, Neanderthals, and AMH (anatomically modern humans) Homo sapiens. All hunted gazelle and fallow deer. Why did they all conform to that pattern and where they able to plan hunts and efficiently butcher and share yields? The Levant is crucial to this subject. This chapter examines main trends in archaeozoological research in the southern Levant. It offers insights into whether, ratios of gazelles (associated with dry climate) to fallow deer (associated with wetter climate) reflect environmental changes. Evidence of faunal exploitation offers information on butchery patterns, modes of sharing and other behaviour that indicates the nature of habitations (e.g., aggregation sites, butchery sites) and occupation modes, seasonal or year-round. We can now query whether the faunal record is indicative of ethnicity and cultural boundaries; whether it is sensitive to transitional periods or "mute' on them.
Type
Chapter
Information
Quaternary of the Levant
Environments, Climate Change, and Humans
 , pp. 347 - 354
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

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