Continuum of depth of sedation: definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia. Committee of origin: Quality Management and Departmental Administration (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 27, 2004, and amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Distinguishing monitored anesthesia care (“MAC”) from moderate sedation/analgesia (conscious sedation). Committee of origin: Economics (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 27, 2004 and last amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Guidelines for ambulatory anesthesia and surgery. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 15, 2003, and last amended on October 22, 2008).Google Scholar

Guidelines for office-based anesthesia. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999, and last affirmed on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Kaye, AD, Jones MR, Kaye AM, Ripoll JG, Galan V, Beakley BD, Calixto F, Bolden JL, Urman RD, Manchikanti L. Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: An updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: Part 1. Pain Physician 2017 Feb; 20(2S): S93–S109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaye, AD, Jones MR, Kaye AM, Ripoll JG, Jones DE, Galan V, Beakley BD, Calixto F, Bolden JL, Urman RD, Manchikanti L. Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: An updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: Part 2. Pain Physician 2017 Feb; 20(2S): S111–S133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 1004–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Statement on anesthetic care during interventional pain procedures for adults. Committee of origin: Pain Medicine (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 22, 2005 and last amended on October 20, 2010).Google Scholar

Statement on granting privileges for administration of moderate sedation to practitioners who are not anesthesia professionals. Committee of origin: Ad Hoc Committee on Credentialing (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 25, 2005, and amended on October 18, 2006).Google Scholar

Statement on nonoperating room anesthetizing locations. Committee of origin: Standards and Practice Parameters (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 15, 2003 and amended on October 22, 2008).Google Scholar

Statement on qualifications of anesthesia providers in the office-based setting. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999, and last amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Miller, RD, ed. Anesthesia, 7th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone, 2009.Google Scholar

Raj, PP, Lou, L, Erdine, S, et al. Interventional Pain Management: Image-Guided Procedures, 2nd edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2008.Google Scholar

Ramsay, MAE, Savege, TM, Simpson, BRJ, Goodwin, R. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone–alphadolone. Br Med J 1974; 2: 656–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sessler, CN, Gosnell, MS, Grap, MJ, et al. The Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 1338–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stoelting, RK, Miller, RD. Basics of Anesthesia, 5th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone, 2007.Google Scholar

The Joint Commission. Accreditation Handbook for Office-Based Surgery: What You Need to Know About Obtaining Accreditation. www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/2011_OBS_Hdbk.pdf (accessed June 2011).Google Scholar

Continuum of depth of sedation: definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia. Committee of origin: Quality Management and Departmental Administration (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 27, 2004, and amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Distinguishing monitored anesthesia care (“MAC”) from moderate sedation/analgesia (conscious sedation). Committee of origin: Economics (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 27, 2004 and last amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Guidelines for ambulatory anesthesia and surgery. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 15, 2003, and last amended on October 22, 2008).Google Scholar

Guidelines for office-based anesthesia. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999, and last affirmed on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Kaye, AD, Jones MR, Kaye AM, Ripoll JG, Galan V, Beakley BD, Calixto F, Bolden JL, Urman RD, Manchikanti L. Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: An updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: Part 1. Pain Physician 2017 Feb; 20(2S): S93–S109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaye, AD, Jones MR, Kaye AM, Ripoll JG, Jones DE, Galan V, Beakley BD, Calixto F, Bolden JL, Urman RD, Manchikanti L. Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: An updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: Part 2. Pain Physician 2017 Feb; 20(2S): S111–S133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 1004–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Statement on anesthetic care during interventional pain procedures for adults. Committee of origin: Pain Medicine (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 22, 2005 and last amended on October 20, 2010).Google Scholar

Statement on granting privileges for administration of moderate sedation to practitioners who are not anesthesia professionals. Committee of origin: Ad Hoc Committee on Credentialing (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 25, 2005, and amended on October 18, 2006).Google Scholar

Statement on nonoperating room anesthetizing locations. Committee of origin: Standards and Practice Parameters (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 15, 2003 and amended on October 22, 2008).Google Scholar

Statement on qualifications of anesthesia providers in the office-based setting. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999, and last amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Miller, RD, ed. Anesthesia, 7th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone, 2009.Google Scholar

Raj, PP, Lou, L, Erdine, S, et al. Interventional Pain Management: Image-Guided Procedures, 2nd edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2008.Google Scholar

Ramsay, MAE, Savege, TM, Simpson, BRJ, Goodwin, R. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone–alphadolone. Br Med J 1974; 2: 656–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sessler, CN, Gosnell, MS, Grap, MJ, et al. The Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 1338–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stoelting, RK, Miller, RD. Basics of Anesthesia, 5th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone, 2007.Google Scholar

The Joint Commission. Accreditation Handbook for Office-Based Surgery: What You Need to Know About Obtaining Accreditation. www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/2011_OBS_Hdbk.pdf (accessed June 2011).Google Scholar

Continuum of depth of sedation: definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia. Committee of origin: Quality Management and Departmental Administration (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 27, 2004, and amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Distinguishing monitored anesthesia care (“MAC”) from moderate sedation/analgesia (conscious sedation). Committee of origin: Economics (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 27, 2004 and last amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Guidelines for ambulatory anesthesia and surgery. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 15, 2003, and last amended on October 22, 2008).Google Scholar

Guidelines for office-based anesthesia. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999, and last affirmed on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Kaye, AD, Jones MR, Kaye AM, Ripoll JG, Galan V, Beakley BD, Calixto F, Bolden JL, Urman RD, Manchikanti L. Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: An updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: Part 1. Pain Physician 2017 Feb; 20(2S): S93–S109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaye, AD, Jones MR, Kaye AM, Ripoll JG, Jones DE, Galan V, Beakley BD, Calixto F, Bolden JL, Urman RD, Manchikanti L. Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: An updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: Part 2. Pain Physician 2017 Feb; 20(2S): S111–S133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 1004–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Statement on anesthetic care during interventional pain procedures for adults. Committee of origin: Pain Medicine (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 22, 2005 and last amended on October 20, 2010).Google Scholar

Statement on granting privileges for administration of moderate sedation to practitioners who are not anesthesia professionals. Committee of origin: Ad Hoc Committee on Credentialing (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 25, 2005, and amended on October 18, 2006).Google Scholar

Statement on nonoperating room anesthetizing locations. Committee of origin: Standards and Practice Parameters (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 15, 2003 and amended on October 22, 2008).Google Scholar

Statement on qualifications of anesthesia providers in the office-based setting. Committee of origin: Ambulatory Surgical Care (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999, and last amended on October 21, 2009).Google Scholar

Miller, RD, ed. Anesthesia, 7th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone, 2009.Google Scholar

Raj, PP, Lou, L, Erdine, S, et al. Interventional Pain Management: Image-Guided Procedures, 2nd edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2008.Google Scholar

Ramsay, MAE, Savege, TM, Simpson, BRJ, Goodwin, R. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone–alphadolone. Br Med J 1974; 2: 656–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sessler, CN, Gosnell, MS, Grap, MJ, et al. The Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 1338–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stoelting, RK, Miller, RD. Basics of Anesthesia, 5th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone, 2007.Google Scholar

The Joint Commission. Accreditation Handbook for Office-Based Surgery: What You Need to Know About Obtaining Accreditation. www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/2011_OBS_Hdbk.pdf (accessed June 2011).Google Scholar