Aakhus, Mark. 2005. “The Act and Activity of Proposing in Deliberation.” In Engaging Argument: Selected Papers from the 2005 National Communication Association/American Forensic Association Summer Conference on Argumentation, ed. P. Riley. Washington, D.C., National Communication Association, 2006, 402–408.
Adler, Jerry. 1994. “The Numbers Game.” Newsweek, July 25, pp. 56–58.
Allossery, Patrick. 1999. “Anti-Tobacco Ads Go for the Throat.” Financial Post, June 21, p. C4.
Aomi, Junichi. 1985. “Persuasive Definitions in Social Sciences and Social Thought.” In Man, Law and Modern Forms of Life, ed. Eugenio Bulygin, Jean-Louis Gardies, , and Niiniluoto, Ilkka. Dordrecht: Reidel, 187–190.
Aristotle, . 1939. Topics, trans. E. S. Forster. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Aristotle, . 1928. On Sophistical Refutations, trans. E. S. Forster. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Aristotle, . 1937. The Art of Rhetoric, trans. John Henry Freese. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Atkinson, Katie, Trevor Bench-Capon, and Peter McBurney. 2004. “A Dialogue Game Protocol for Multi-Agent Argument over Proposals for Action.” In Argumentation in Multi-Agent Systems, ed. Rahwan, I., Moraitis, P., and Reed, C.. Berlin: Springer, 149–161.
Barnes, Jonathan. 1980. “Aristotle and the Methods of Ethics.” Revue Internationale de Philosophie 34: 590–611.
Barth, Else M., and Martens, Jan L.. 1977. “Argumentum Ad Hominem: From Chaos to Formal Dialectic.” Logique at Analyse77–78: 76–96.
Bench-Capon, Trevor. 2003a. “Agreeing to Differ: Modelling Persuasive Dialogue between Parties without a Consensus about Values.” Informal Logic 22: 231–245.
Bench-Capon, Trevor. 2003b. “Persuasion in Practical Argument Using Value-Based Argumentation Frameworks.” Journal of Logic and Computation 13: 429–448.
Bench-Capon, Trevor J. M., Sylvie Doutre, and Paul E. Dunne. 2007. “Audiences in Argumentation Frameworks.” Artificial Intelligence 171: 42–71.
Bentham, Jeremy. 1969. The Book of Fallacies. In A Bentham Reader, ed. Mack, Mary Peter. New York: Pegasus. First published in 1824.
Bernays, E. 1923. Crystallizing Public Opinion. New York: Boni and Liveright.
Best, Joel. 2001. Damned Lies and Statistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Blair, J. Anthony. 1977. “What Is Bias?” In Selected Issues in Logic and Communication, ed. Trudy Govier, . Belmont, , 93–103.
Blair, J. Anthony. 1998. “The Limits of the Dialogue Model of Argument.” In Argumentation and Rhetoric, ed. Hansen, Hans V., Tindale, Christopher W., and Coleman, Athena V.. CD-Rom. St. Catherines, Ontario: Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation.
Blair, J. Anthony, and Johnson, Ralph H.. 1987. “Argumentation as Dialectical.” Argumentation 1: 41–56.
Bloomer, W. Martin. 2001. “Topics.” In Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. Sloane, Thomas O.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 779–782.
Bratman, Michael E. 1987. Intention, Plans and Practical Reason. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Brinton, Alan. 1985. “A Rhetorical View of the Ad Hominem.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 63: 50–63.
Brinton, Alan. 1995. “The Ad Hominem.” In Fallacies: Classical and Contemporary Readings, ed. Hansen, Hans V. and Pinto, Robert C.. University Park:Pennsylvania State University Press, 213–222.
Burgess-Jackson, Keith. 1995. “Rape and Persuasive Definition.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 25: 415–454.
Burnyeat, Myles F. 1994. “Enthyeme: Aristotle on the Logic of Persuasion.” In Aristotle's Rhetoric: Philosophical Essays, ed. Furley, David J. and Nehemas, Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 3–55.
Campbell, Stephen K. 1974. Flaws and Fallacies in Statistical Thinking. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Cantril, Albert H., Fallows, James, Garment, Leonard, Hill, Robert B., and Warnke, Paul. 1990. “The User's Perspective: A Round Table on the Impact of Polls.” In The Classics of Polling, ed. Michael L. Young. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 374–388.
Carberry, Sandra. 1990. Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue. Cambridge: MIT Press.
“Changed Law Fuels Statistics.” 1992. Winnipeg Free Press, October 10, A3.
Childs, H. L. 1965. Public Opinion: Nature, Formation and Role. Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand.
Chu-Carroll, Jennifer, and Carberry, Sandra. 1995. “Conflict Detection and Resolution in Collaborative Planning.” In Intelligent Agents II: Agent Theories, Architectures and Languages. IJCAI '95 Workshop. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 111–126.
Cialdini, Robert B. 1993. Influence: Science and Practice, 3rd ed. New York: Harper-Collins.
Clark, Herbert H., and Michael F. Schober. 1992. “Asking Questions and Influencing Answers.” In Questions about Questions: Inquiries into the Cognitive Biases of Surveys, ed. Tanur, Judith M.. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 15–48.
Collingwood, Robin G. 1946. The Idea of History. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Copi, Irving M. 1982. Introduction to Logic, 6th ed. New York: Macmillan.
Copi, Irving M., and Carl Cohen, . 1998. Introduction to Logic, 10th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Cragan, John F., and Cutbirth, Craig W.. 1984. “A Revisionist Perspective on Political Ad Hominem Argument: A Case Study.” Central States Speech Journal 35: 228–237.
Crossen, Cynthia. 1994. Tainted Truth: The Manipulation of Fact in America. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Dascal, Marcelo, and Gross, Alan G.. 1999. “The Marriage of Pragmatics and Rhetoric.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 32: 107–130.
Devereux, Daniel. 1990. “Comments on Robert Bolton's The Epistemological Basis of Aristotelian Dialectic.” In Biologie, Logique et Metaphysique, ed. Daniel Devereux, and Pellegrin, Pierre. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 263–286.
Dillard, James Price. 1994. “Rethinking the Study of Fear Appeals: An Emotional Perspective.” Communication Theory 4: 295–323.
Donohue, William A. 1981. “Development of a Model of Rule Use in Negotiation Interaction.” Communication Monographs 48: 106–120.
Dray, William. 1964. Philosophy of History. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Dray, William. 1995. History as Re-enactment: R. G. Collingwood's Idea of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ellul, Jacques. 1967. Histoire de la Propagande. Paris: PUF.
Elster, Jon. 1989. The Cement of Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Engel, S. Morris. 1976. With Good Reason: An Introduction to Informal Fallacies. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Evans, J. D. G. 1977. Aristotle's Concept of Dialectic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Feld, Karl G. 2001. “When Push Comes to Shove.” In The Public Perspective 12, no. 5, p. 37. The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
Finocchiaro, Maurice. 1980. Galileo and the Art of Reasoning. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Finocchiaro, Maurice. 2005. Arguments about Arguments. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fisher, Roger, and William Ury, . 1991. Getting to Yes, 2nd ed. New York: Penguin.
Fishkin, James S. 1991. Democracy and Deliberation. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Fishkin, James S. 1995. The Voice of the People: Public Opinion and Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Freeman, James B. 1995. “The Appeal to Popularity and Presumption by Common Knowledge.” In Fallacies: Classical and Contemporary Readings, ed. Hansen, Hans V. and Pinto, Robert C.. University Park:Pennsylvania State University Press, 263–273.
Freeman, James B. 2005. Acceptable Premises: An Epistemic Approach to an Informal Logic Problem. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Freeman, James B. 2006. Acceptable Premises. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Garner, Richard. 1993. “Are Convenient Fictions Harmful to Your Health?” Philosophy East and West 43: 87–106.
Garver, Eugene. 1994. Aristotle's Rhetoric: An Art of Character. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Goldman, Alvin. 1970. A Theory of Human Action. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Goldman, Alvin I. 1995. “Empathy Mind and Morals.” In Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications, ed. Martin Davies, and Tony Stone, . Oxford: Blackwell, 185–208.
Gordon, Robert M. 1986. “Folk Psychology as Simulation.” Mind and Language 1: 158–171.
Gordon, Thomas F. 1995. The Pleadings Game: An Artificial Intelligence Model of Procedural Justice. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Gordon, Thomas F., and Nikos Karacapilidis, . 1997. “The Zeno Argumentation Framework.” In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, Melbourne, Australia, 10–18.
Govier, Trudy. 1987. Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation. Dordrecht: Foris.
Govier, Trudy. 1999. The Philosophy of Argument. Newport News, Va.: Vale Press.
Graesser, Arthur C., Bommareddy, Sailaja, Swamer, Shane, and Golding, Jonathan M.. 1996. “Integrating Questionnaire Design with a Cognitive Computational Model of Human Question Answering.” In Answering Questions: Methodology for Determining Cognitive and Communicative Processes in Survey Research, ed. Norbert Schwartz and Seymour Sudman. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 143–174.
Grennan, Wayne. 1997. Informal Logic. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
Grice, H. Paul. 1975. “Logic and Conversation.” In The Logic of Grammar, ed. Davidson, Donald and Harman, Gilbert. Encino: Dickenson, 64–75.
Gross, Alan G. 2000. “What Aristotle Meant by Rhetoric.” In Rereading Aristotle's Rhetoric, ed. Gross, Alan G. and Walzer, Arthur E.. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 24–37.
Hallden, Soren. 1960. True Love, True Humour and True Religion: A Semantic Study. Lund: Gleerlup.
Hamblin, Charles L. 1970. Fallacies. London: Methuen.
Hamblin, Charles L. 1971. “Mathematical Models of Dialogue.” Theoria 37: 130–155.
Hamblin, Charles L. 1987. Imperatives. New York: Blackwell.
Harrah, David. 1984. “The Logic of Questions.” In Handbook of Philosophical Logic, vol. 2, ed. Gabbay, Dov and Guenther, F.. Dordrecht: Reidel, 715–764.
Hart, Roderick P., and Courtney L. Dillard. 2001. “The Deliberative Genre.” In Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. Sloane, Thomas O.. New York: Oxford University Press, 209–217.
Hastings, Arthur C. 1963. “A Reformulation of the Modes of Reasoning in Argumentation.” Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University.
Herbst, Susan. 1993. Numbered Voices: How Opinion Polling Has Shaped American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hitchcock, David. 1995. “Does the Traditional Treatment of Enthymemes Rest on a Mistake?” In Analysis and Evaluation: Proceedings of the Third ISSA Conference on Argumentation, vol. 2, ed. Eemeren, Frans H., Grootendorst, Rob, Blair, J. Anthony, and Charles, A.Willard. Amsterdam: SicSat, 113–129.
Hitchcock, David, Peter McBurney, and Simon Parsons. 2001. “A Framework for Deliberation Dialogues.” In Argument and Its Applications: Proceedings of the Fourth Biennial Conference of the Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation (OSSA 2001), ed. H. V. Hansen, C. W. Tindale, J. A. Blair, and R. H. Johnson. Compact disk. Also available at http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~peter.
Hohmann, Hanns. 2000. “Rhetoric and Dialectic: Some Historical and Legal Perspectives.” Argumentation 14: 223–234.
Horty, John, and Belnap, Nuel D.. 1995. “The Deliberative Stit: A Study of Action, Omission, Ability, and Obligation.” Journal of Philosophical Logic 24: 583–644.
Hurley, Patrick J. 1994. A Concise Introduction to Logic, 5th ed. Belmont, Calif.:Wadsworth.
Hurley, Patrick J. 2000. A Concise Introduction to Logic, 7th ed. Belmont, Calif.:Wadsworth.
Ivison, John. 2006. “Afghanistan: A Liberal Mission.” National Post (Toronto), June 17, p. A1.
Jackson, Sally. 1996. “Fallacies and Heuristics.” In Logic and Argumentation, ed. Benthem, Johan, Eemeren, Frans H., Grootendorst, Rob and Veltman, Frank. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Jacobs, Scott. 2000. “Rhetoric and Dialectic from the Standpoint of Normative Pragmatics.” Argumentation 14: 261–286.
Jacobs, Scott, and Sally Jackson. 1983. “Speech Act Structure in Conversation.” In Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure and Strategy, ed. Craig, Robert T. and Tracy, Karen. Beverly Hills: Sage, 47–66.
Jacobs, Scott, and Jackson, Sally. 1992. “Relevance and Digressions in Argumentative Discussion: A Pragmatic Approach.” Argumentation 6: 161–176.
Johnson, Ralph H. 1987. “The Blaze of Her Splendors: Suggestions about Revitalizing Fallacy Theory.” Argumentation 1: 239–254.
Johnson, Ralph H. 2000. Manifest Rationality: A Pragmatic Theory of Argument. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Johnstone, Henry W. Jr. 1952. “Philosophy and Argumentum Ad Hominem.” Journal of Philosophy 49: 489–498.
Johnstone, Henry W. Jr. 1959. Philosophy and Argument. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Johnstone, Henry W. Jr. 1981. “Toward an Ethics of Rhetoric.” Communication 6: 305–314.
Kant, Immanuel. 1961. Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Norman Kemp Smith. London: Macmillan.
Kapp, Ernst. 1942. Greek Foundations of Traditional Logic. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kauffeld, Fred J. 1995. “The Persuasive Force of Arguments on Behalf of Proposals.” In Analysis and Evaluation: Proceedings of the Third ISSA Conference on Argumentation, vol. 2. Amsterdam: SicSat.
Kauffeld, Fred J. 1998. “Presumptions and the Distribution of Argumentative Burdens in Acts of Proposing and Accusing.” Argumentation 12: 245–266.
Kennedy, George A. 1963. The Art of Persuasion in Greece. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Kennedy, , George, A., trans. 1991. Aristotle on Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kennedy, George A. 1994. A New History of Classical Rhetoric. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kesterton, Michael. 1995. “Social Studies.” The Globe and Mail, June 8, p. A24.
Kienpointner, Manfred. 1992. Alltagslogik: Struktur und Funktion von Argumentationsmustern. Stuttgart: Fromman-Holzboog.
Kienpointner, Manfred. 1997. “On the Art of Finding Arguments: What Ancient and Modern Masters of Invention Have to Tell Us about the Ars Inveniendi.” Argumentation 11: 225–236.
Kienpointner, Manfred, and Kindt, Walther. 1997. “On the Problem of Bias in Political Argumentation.” Journal of Pragmatics 27: 555–585.
Kneale, William, , and Kneale, Martha. 1962. The Development of Logic. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Kock, Christian. 2003. “Multidimensionality and Non-deductiveness in Deliberative Argumentation.” In Anyone Who Has a View: Theoretical Contributions to the Study of Argumentation, ed. Eemeren, Frans H., Blair, J. AnthonyWillard, Charles A., and Henkemans, A. Francisca Snoeck. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 157–171.
Kock, Christian. 2006. “The Domain of Rhetorical Argumentation.” Paper to appear in the Proceedings of the ISSA Conference, Amsterdam.
Krabbe, Erik C. W. 1998. “Comments on Blair.” In Argumentation and Rhetoric, ed. Hansen, Hans V., Tindale, Christopher W., and Coleman, Athena V.. CD-Rom, St. Catherines, Ontario: Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation.
Krabbe, Erik C. W. 1999. “Profiles of Dialogue.” In JFAK: Essays Dedicated to Johan van Benthem on the Occasion of His 50th Birthday, ed. Gerbrandy, JelleMarx, Maarten, Rijke, Maarten, and Venema, Yde. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 25–36.
Krabbe, Erik C. W. 2000. “Meeting in the House of Callias: Rhetoric and Dialectic.” Argumentation 14: 205–217.
Krabbe, Erik C. W., and Walton, Douglas N.. 1993. “It's All Very Well for You to Talk! Situationally Disqualifying Ad Hominem Attacks.” Informal Logic 15: 79–91.
Kravetz, Stacy. 1999. “A Fad Flames Out, and Retailers Get Burned.” Wall Street Journal, January 21, pp. B1 and B10.
Kuhn, Thomas S. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lagerspetz, Eerik. 1995. “Ad Hominem Arguments in Practical Argumentation.” Argumentation 9: 363–370.
LaTour, Michael S., and Zahra, Shaker A.. 1989. “Fear Appeals as Advertising Strategy: Should They Be Used?” Journal of Consumer Marketing 6: 61–70.
Bon, Gustave . 1896. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. London: T. Fisher Unwin.
Leff, Michael. 1993. “The Uses of Aristotle's Rhetoric in Contemporary American Scholarship.” Argumentation 7: 313–327.
Leff, Michael. 2000. “Rhetoric and Dialectic in the Twenty-first Century.” Argumentation 14: 241–254.
Leventhal, H. 1970. “Findings and Theory in the Study of Fear Communications.” In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. L. Berkowitz, vol. 5. New York: Academic Press, 119–186.
Leventhal, Howard. 1971. “Fear Appeals and Persuasion: The Differentiation of a Motivational Construct.” American Journal of Public Health 61: 1205–1224.
Little, Bruce. 1996. “Gap in Jobless Rates a Puzzle.” The Globe and Mail, February 12, p. B1.
Locke, John. 1961. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ed. Yolton, John W.. London: Dent.
Maren, Michael. 1998. “The Faces of Famine.” Newsweek, July 27, pp. 12–13.
Marlin, Randal. 1989. “Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion.” International Journal of Moral and Social Studies 4: 37–72.
Marlin, Randal. 2002. Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press.
Martin, Rex. 1977. Historical Explanation: Reenactment and Practical Inference. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
McClurg, Andrew J. 1992. “The Rhetoric of Gun Control.” AmericanUniversity Law Review 42: 53–113.
McKerrow, Raymie E. 1990. “Argument Communities.” In Perspectives on Argumentation, ed. Trapp, Robert and , Janice. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
“The Microscope.” 2000. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Marketplace. February 29. Http://cbc.ca/consumers/market/news/00feb29.html.
Mitchell, Catherine. 1995. “Federal Violence Report Dishonest: Academics.” The Globe and Mail, April 11, pp. Al and B4.
Moore, David W. 1992. The Super Pollsters: How They Measure and Manipulate Public Opinion in America. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows.
Moore, Robert C. 1985. “Semantic Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic.” Artificial Intelligence 25: 75–94.
Morgan, C. 1987. “Explicit AIDS Campaign Offends TV Watchers in Australia.” Nature 326: 732.
Nolt, John Eric. 1984. Informal Logic: Possible Worlds and Imagination. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nuchelmans, Gabriel. 1993. “On the Fourfold Root of the Argumentum Ad Hominem.” In Empirical Logic and Public Debate, ed. Krabbe, Erik C. W., Dalitz, Renee Jose, and Smit, Pier A.. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 37–47.
Ogden, Charles Kay, and Richards, Ivor Armstrong. 1959. The Meaning of Meaning. New York: Harcourt Brace. First published in 1923.
O'Keefe, Daniel J. 1994. “Argumentation Studies and Dual-Process Models of Persuasion.” In Logic and Argumentation, ed. Benthem, Johan, Eemeren, Frans H., Grootendorst, Rob, and Veltman, Frank. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
O'Keefe, Daniel, J. 1996. Persuasion: Theory and Research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.
O'Keefe, Daniel J. 2001. “Persuasion.” In Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. Sloane, Thomas O.. New York: Oxford University Press, 575–583.
Payne, Stanley L. 1951. The Art of Asking Questions. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Perelman, Chaim, and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Lucie. 1969. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation, trans. J. Wilkinson and P. Weaver, 2nd ed. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. First published, as La Nouvelle Rhetorique, in 1958.
Pfau, Michael, and Burgoon, Michael. 1989, “The Efficacy of Issue and Character Attack Message Strategies in Political Campaign Communication.” Communication Reports 2: 53–61.
Pinto, Robert C., Blair, J. Anthony and Parr, Katherine E.. 1993. Reasoning: A Practical Guide for Canadian Students. Scarborough: Prentice Hall.
Plato. 1961. The Collected Dialogues of Plato, ed. Hamilton, Edith and Cairns, Huntington. New York: Bollingen Foundation.
Premack, D., and Woodruff, G.. 1978. “Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind?” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1: 515–526.
Rawls, John. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Reed, Chris. 1998. “Dialogue Frames in Agent Communication.” In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, ed. Demazeau, Y.. IEEE Press, 246–253.
Reed, Chris. 2006. “Representing Dialogic Argumentation.” Knowledge-Based Systems 19: 22–31.
Reed, Chris, and Rowe, Glenn. 2002. “Araucaria: Software for Puzzles in Argument Diagramming and XML.” Technical Report, Department of Applied Computing, University of Dundee. Available at http://www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/staff/creed/araucaria.
Reed, Chris, and Douglas Walton. 2003. “Diagramming Argumentation Schemes and Critical Questions.” In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference of the International Society for the Study of Argumentation, ed. Eemeren, Frans H., Blair, J. AnthonyWillard, Charles A., and Henkemans, Francisca Snoeck. Amsterdam: SicSat, 881–885.
Regan, R. T. 1971. “Effects of a Favor and Liking on Compliance.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 7: 627–639.
Reiter, Raymond. 1987. “Nonmonotonic Reasoning.” Annual Review of Computer Science 2: 147–186.
Rescher, Nicholas. 1977. Dialectics: A Controversy-Oriented Approach to the Theory of Knowledge. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Robinson, Richard. 1950. Definition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Robinson, Richard. 1953. Plato's Earlier Dialectic: London: Oxford University Press.
Robinson, Richard. 1962. Plato's Earlier Dialectic, 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Rogers, Richard W. 1983. “Cognitive and Physiological Processes in Fear Appeals and Attitude Change.” In Social Psychophysiology, ed. Cacioppo, John T. and Petty, Richard E.. New York: Guilford, 153–176.
Roper, Burns W. 1990. “Are Polls Accurate?.” In The Classics of Polling, ed. Michael L. Young. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 218–232.
Russell, Stuart J., and Norvig, Peter. 1995. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Schiappa, Edward. 1993. “Arguing about Definitions.” Argumentation 7: 403–417.
Schiappa, Edward. 1995. “Introduction” to Warranting Assent, ed. Schiappa, Edward. Albany: State University of New York Press, ix–xxix.
Schiappa, Edward. 1996. “Towards a Pragmatic Approach to Definition: ‘Wetlands’ and the Politics of Meaning.” In Environmental Pragmatism, ed. Light, Andrew and Katz, Eric. London: Routledge, 209–230.
Schiappa, Edward. 2003. Defining Reality: The Rhetoric of Definition and the Politics of Meaning. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Schuman, Howard, and Presser, Stanley. 1981. Questions and Answers in Attitude Surveys: Experiments on Question Form, Wording, and Context. New York: Academic Press.
Searle, John. 1969. Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Searle, John. 2001. Rationality in Action. Cambridge:MIT Press.
Sederberg, Peter C. 1984. The Politics of Meaning: The Construction of Social Reality. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Segerberg, Krister. 1984. “Towards an Exact Philosophy of Action.” Topoi 3: 75–83.
Segerberg, Krister. 1985. “Routines.” Synthese 65: 185–210.
Seligman, Daniel. 1961. “We're Drowning in Phony Statistics.” Fortune, November, pp. 146–171.
“Senate Impeachment Trial of President Bill Clinton – Day 16.” CNN transcript. CNN AllPolitics.com Political Website for 1998. Www.cnn.com/allpolitics/stories/1999/02/06/transcripts.
Shepard, David W. 1973. “Stipulative Definitions and Elementary Logic.” Central States Speech Journal 24: 131–136.
Sierra, Carles, Jennings, Nicholas R., Noriega, P., and Parsons, Simon. 1998. “A Framework for Argumentation-Based Negotiation.” In Intelligent Agents IV, ed. M. P. Singh, A. Rao, and M. J. Wooldridge. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Simons, Herbert W., Morreale, Joanne and Gronbeck, Bruce. 2001. Persuasion in Society. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
Singh, Munidar P. 1991. “Towards a Formal Theory of Communication for Multiagent Systems.” In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). Available at http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/MSingh/papers/index.html.
Singh, Munindar P. 1997. “Commitment in the Architecture of a Limited, Rational Agent.” In Intelligent Agents Systems: Theoretical and Practical Issues, ed. Cavedon, Lawrence. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 72–87.
Singh, Munindar P. 1999. “A Semantics for Speech Acts.” Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 8: 47–71.
Stevenson, Charles L. 1938. “Persuasive Definitions.” Mind 47: 331–350.
Stevenson, Charles L. 1944. Ethics and Language. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sycara, K. P. 1990. “Persuasive Argument in Negotiation.” Theory and Decision 28: 203–242.
Tanner, John F., Day, Ellen, and Crask, Melvin R.. 1989. “Protection Motivation Theory: An Extension of Fear Appeals in Communication Theory.” Journal of Business Research 19: 267–276.
Thouless, Robert H. 1942. Straight Thinking in War Time. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Tindale, Christopher W. 1999. Acts of Arguing: A Rhetorical Model of Argument. Albany:State University of New York Press.
Tindale, Christopher W. 2004. Rhetorical Argumentation: Principles of Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, Calif.:Sage.
Titsworth, B. Scott. 1999. “An Ideological Basis for Definition in Public Argument: A Case Study of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act.” Argumentation and Advocacy 35: 171–184.
Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1966. Democracy in America, ed. Mayer, J. P. and Lerner, Max. New York: Harper and Row. Originally published in 1835.
Tripp, Garwood, and Davenport, Alix. 1988. “Fear Advertising – It Doesn't Work.” Health Promotion 27: 17–19.
Eemeren, Frans H., and Grootendorst, Rob. 1984. Speech Acts in Argumentative Discussions. Dordrecht: Foris.
Eemeren, Frans H., and Grootendorst, Rob. 1987. “Fallacies in Pragma-Dialectical Perspective.” Argumentation 1: 283–301.
Eemeren, Frans H., and Grootendorst, Rob. 1992. Argumentation, Communication and Fallacies. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
van Eemeren, Frans H., and Rob Grootendorst. 1995. “Argumentum Ad Hominem: A Pragma-Dialectical Case.” In Fallacies: Classical and Contemporary Readings, ed. Hansen, Hans V. and Pinto, Robert C.. University Park:Pennsylvania State University Press, 223–228.
Eemeren, Frans H., Grootendorst, Rob, Henkemans, Francisca Snoeck, et al. 1996. Fundamentals of Argumentation Theory. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
van Eemeren, Frans H., and Peter Houtlosser. 1999a. “Delivering the Goods in Critical Discussion.” In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of the International Society for the Study of Argumentation, ed. Eemeren, Frans H., Grootendorst, RobBlair, J. Anthony and Willard, Charles A.. Amsterdam: SicSat, 163–171.
Eemeren, Frans H., and Houtlosser, Peter. 1999b. “Strategic Manoeuvring in Argumentative Discourse.” Discourse Studies 1: 479–497.
Eemeren, Frans H., and Houtlosser, Peter. 2000. “Rhetorical Analysis within a Pragma-Dialectical Framework: The Case of R. J. Reynolds.” Argumentation 14: 293–305.
Eemeren, Frans H., and Houtlosser, Peter. 2001. “Managing Disagreement: Rhetorical Analysis within a Dialectical Framework.” Argumentation and Advocacy 37: 150–157.
van Eemeren, Frans H., and Peter Houtlosser. 2002. “Strategic Manoeuvring: Maintaining a Delicate Balance.” In The Warp and Woof of Argumentation Analysis, ed. Frans H. van Eemeren and Peter Houtlosser. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 131–160.
Vorobej, Mark. 2006. A Theory of Argument. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Walton, Douglas N. 1989a. Informal Logic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Walton, Douglas N. 1989b. Question-Reply Argumentation. New York: Greenwood Press.
Walton, Douglas. 1990. Practical Reasoning. Savage, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.
Walton, Douglas. 1994. The Place of Emotion in Argument. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Walton, Douglas N. 1995. A Pragmatic Theory of Fallacy. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Walton, Douglas. 1996. Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Walton, Douglas. 1997a. Appeal to Expert Opinion. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Walton, Douglas. 1997b. Appeal to Pity: Argumentum Ad Misericordiam. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Walton, Douglas. 1998a. Ad Hominem Arguments. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Walton, Douglas. 1998b. The New Dialectic: Conversational Contexts of Argument. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Walton, Douglas. 1999a. Appeal to Popular Opinion. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Walton, Douglas. 1999b. One-Sided Arguments: A Dialectical Analysis of Bias. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Walton, Douglas. 2000. Scare Tactics: Arguments That Appeal to Fear and Threats. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Walton, Douglas. 2006. Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Walton, Douglas, and Reed, Chris. 2005. “Argumentation Schemes and Enthymemes.” Synthese 145: 339–370.
Walton, Douglas N., and Krabbe, Erik C. W.. 1995. Commitment in Dialogue: Basic Concepts of Interpersonal Reasoning. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Warnick, Barbara. 2000. “Two Systems of Invention: The Topics in the Rhetoric and the New Rhetoric.” In Rereading Aristotle's Rhetoric, ed. Gross, Alan G. and Walzer, Arthur E.. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 107–129.
Warnke, Paul. 1990. “The User's Perspective: A Round Table on the Impact of Polls.” In The Classics of Polling, ed. Michael L. Young. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 374–388.
Weaver, Richard M. 1953. The Ethics of Rhetoric. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
Wenzel, Joseph W. 1990. “Three Perspectives on Argument: Rhetoric, Dialectic, Logic.” In Perspectives on Argumentation, ed. Trapp, Robert and Schuetz, Janice. Prospect Heights, Ill.:Waveland Press, 9–26.
Wheeler, Michael. 1990. “How to Read the Polls.” In The Classics of Polling, ed. Young, Michael L.. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press.
“White House: It's Not about Abortion.” 2002. CBS News, Eye on Politics. February 1. Www.cbsnews.com/now/story/0,1597,327803-412,00.shtml.
Wilensky, Robert. 1983. Planning and Understanding: A Computational Approach to Human Reasoning. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
Witt, Evans. 2001. “People Who Count.” The Public Perspective 12, July-August, pp. 1–5. The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research.
Wooldridge, Michael. 2000. Reasoning about Rational Agents. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Wooldridge, Mike. 2002. Introduction to MultiAgent Systems. Chichester: Wiley.
Wooldridge, Michael, and Jennings, Nicholas R.. 1995. “Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice.” The Knowledge Engineering Review 10: 115–152.
Yankelovich, Daniel. 1991. Coming to Public Judgment. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.
Yankelovich, Daniel. 1992. “A Widening Expert/Public Opinion Gap.” Challenge, May–June: 20–27.
Young, Michael L. 1990. “Editor's Introduction to the Basics of Polling.” In The Classics of Polling, ed. Michael L. Young. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 47–50.
Zarefsky, David. 1986. President Johnson's War on Poverty: Rhetoric and History. University: University of Alabama Press.
Zarefsky, David. 1997. “Definitions.” In Argument in a Time of Change: Definitions, Frameworks, and Critiques, ed. Klumpp, James F.. Annandale, Va.: National Communication Association, 1–11.
Zarefsky, David. 1998. “Definitions.” In Argument in a Time of Change: Proceedings of the Tenth NCA/AFA Conference on Argumentation, ed. James F. Klumpp. Annandale, Va.: National Communication Association, 1–11.
Zarefsky, David, Miller-Tutzauer, Carol, and Tutzauer, Frank E.. 1984. “Reagan's Safety Net for the Truly Needy: The Rhetorical Uses of Definition.” Central States Speech Journal 35: 113–119.
