After the First Crusade, which resulted in the conquest of Jerusalem, the shrines in the Holy Land fell into the hands of the western Latin crusaders. Most of them, especially those located in large cathedral churches, were given by the Latin authorities to new foundations of Latin canons following the Rule of Augustine, which was the norm for cathedrals in the West. This chapter examines in turn the major communities of Augustinian canons, beginning with the most important shrine, the Holy Sepulchre, and also considering the Templum Domini, Mt Zion, the Mount of Olives, Bethlehem, Nazareth and others. The circumstances of foundation, the manner in which the communities were governed and the important role they played as major landowners in the Crusader States provide the main approach to the chapter.