Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T16:34:32.425Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Protection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2018

Mike Shaw
Affiliation:
Tavistock Clinic
Sue Bailey
Affiliation:
Academy of Medical Royal Colleges
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Justice for Children and Families
A Developmental Perspective
, pp. 59 - 118
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C. H., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R. and Giles, W. H. (2006) The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256(3), 174–86.Google Scholar
Bransford, C. L. and Blizard, R. A. (2016) Viewing psychopathology through a trauma lens. Social Work in Mental Health, 15(1), 8098.Google Scholar
Bremness, A. and Polzin, W. (2014) Commentary: developmental trauma disorder: a missed opportunity in DSM V. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(2), 142–5.Google Scholar
Briere, J., Kaltman, S. and Green, B. L. (2008) Accumulated childhood trauma and symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(2), 223–6.Google Scholar
Briere, J. N. and Lanktree, C. B. (2012) Treating Complex Trauma in Adolescents and Young Adults. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Briere, J. and Spinazzola, J. (2005) Phenomenology and psychological assessment of complex posttraumatic states. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(5), 401–12.Google Scholar
Broadhurst, K., Alrouh, B., Yeend, E., Harwin, J., Shaw, M., Pilling, M., Mason, C. and Kershaw, S. (2015) Connecting events in time to identify a hidden population: birth mothers and their children in recurrent care proceedings in England. British Journal of Social Work, 45(8), 2241–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloitre, M., Stolbach, B. C., Herman, J. L., van der Kolk, B., Pynoos, R., Wang, J. and Petkova, E. (2009) A developmental approach to complex PTSD: childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 399408.Google Scholar
Cloitre, M., Garvet, D., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A. and Maercker, A. (2013) Evidence for proposed ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: a latent profile analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 4(1).Google Scholar
Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M. and van der Kolk, B. (2005) Complex trauma. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390–8.Google Scholar
Copeland, W. E., Keeler, G., Angold, A. and Costello, E. J. (2007) Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(5), 577–84.Google Scholar
D’Andrea, W., Ford, J., Stolbach, B., Spinazzola, J. and van der Kolk, B. A. (2012) Understanding interpersonal trauma in children: why we need a developmentally appropriate trauma diagnosis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 187200.Google Scholar
Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Whitfield, C. L., Brown, D. W., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M. and Giles, W. H. (2005) Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(5), 430–8.Google Scholar
Felitti, V. J. and Anda, R. F. (2010) The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult medical disease, psychiatric disorders and sexual behavior: implications for healthcare. In Lanius, R. A., Vermetten, E. and Pain, C. (eds), The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7787.Google Scholar
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P. and Marks, J. S. (1998) Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–58.Google Scholar
Ford, J. D., Courtois, C. A., Steele, K., Hart, O. V. D. and Nijenhuis, E. R. (2005) Treatment of complex posttraumatic self‐dysregulation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(5), 437–47.Google Scholar
Ghosh-Ippen, C., Ford, J., Racusin, R., Acker, M., Bosquet, K., Rogers, C., Ellis, C., Schiffman, J., Ribbe, D., Cone, P., Lukovitz, M. and Edwards, J. (2002) Traumatic Events Screening Inventory – Parent Report Revised. The Child Trauma Research Project of the Early Trauma Network and The National Center for PTSD Dartmouth Child Trauma Research Group, San Francisco, CA.Google Scholar
Grant, T., Graham, J. C., Ernst, C. C., Peavy, K. M. and Brown, N. N. (2014) Improving pregnancy outcomes among high-risk mothers who abuse alcohol and drugs: factors associated with subsequent exposed births. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 1118.Google Scholar
Grant, T., Huggins, J., Graham, J. C., Ernst, C., Whitney, N. and Wilson, D. (2011) Maternal substance abuse and disrupted parenting: distinguishing mothers who keep their children from those who do not. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2176–85.Google Scholar
Green, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Berglund, P. A., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M. and Kessler, R. C. (2010) Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(2), 113–23.Google Scholar
Herman, J. L. (1992) Complex PTSD: a syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 377–91.Google Scholar
Johnson, V. K. and Lieberman, A. F. (2007) Variations in behavior problems of preschoolers exposed to domestic violence: the role of mothers’ attunement to children’s emotional experiences. Journal of Family Violence, 22(5), 297308.Google Scholar
Kisiel, C. L., Fehrenbach, T., Torgersen, E., Stolbach, B., McClelland, G., Griffin, G. and Burkman, K. (2014) Constellations of interpersonal trauma and symptoms in child welfare: implications for a developmental trauma framework. Journal of Family Violence, 29(1), 114.Google Scholar
Koenen, K. C., Stellman, S. D., Sommer, J. F. and Stellman, J. M. (2008) Persisting posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and their relationship to functioning in Vietnam veterans: a 14-year follow-up. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(1), 4957.Google Scholar
Larkin, H., Felitti, V. J. and Anda, R. F. (2014) Social work and adverse childhood experiences research: implications for practice and health policy. Social Work in Public Health, 29 (1), 116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larson, K., Russ, S. A., Crall, J. J. and Halfon, N. (2008) Influence of multiple social risks on children’s health. Pediatrics, 121(2), 337–44.Google Scholar
Najivatas, L. M. (2002) Seeking Safety: A Treatment Manual for PTSD and Substance Misuse. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTS) (n.d.) How to conduct a comprehensive assessment of complex trauma. Available at: www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/complex-trauma/assessment (accessed 6 January 2017).Google Scholar
Novac, S., Paradis, E., Brown, J. and Morton, H. (2006) A visceral grief: young homeless mothers and loss of child custody. Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Spinazzola, J., Ford, J. D., Zucker, M., van der Kolk, B. A., Silva, S., Smith, S. F. and Blaustein, M. (2005) Survey evaluates complex trauma exposure, outcome and intervention among children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 433–9.Google Scholar
Taplin, S. and Mattick, R. P. (2015) The nature and extent of child protection involvement among heroin‐using mothers in treatment: high rates of reports, removals at birth and children in care. Drug and Alcohol Review, 34(1), 31–7.Google Scholar
Trickett, P. K., Noll, J. G. and Putnam, F. W. (2011) The impact of sexual abuse on female development: lessons from a multigenerational, longitudinal research study. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 453–76.Google Scholar
Van der Kolk, B. A., Roth, S., Pelcovitz, D., Sunday, S. and Spinazzola, J. (2005) Disorders of extreme stress: the empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(5), 389–99.Google Scholar
Widom, C. S. (1999) Posttraumatic stress disorder in abused and neglected children grown up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(8), 1223–9.Google Scholar

References

Adamson, J. and Templeton, L. (2012) Silent Voices: Supporting Children and Young People Affected by Parental Alcohol Misuse. London: The Office of the Children’s Commissioner.Google Scholar
Brandon, M., Sidebotham, P., Bailey, S., Belderson, P., Hawley, C., Ellis, C. and Megson, M. (2012) New learning from serious case reviews. Department for Education, Research Report DFE-RR226.Google Scholar
Brandon, M., Bailey, S., Belderson, P. and Larsson, B. (2013) Neglect and serious case reviews. University of East Anglia/NSPCC.Google Scholar
Cleaver, H., Unell, I. and Aldgate, J. (2011) Children’s Needs, Parenting Capacity: The Impact of Parental Mental Illness, Problem Alcohol and Drug Use and Domestic Violence on Children’s Development, 2nd edn. London: The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Felitti, V. J. and Anda, R. F. (2010) The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult health, well-being, social function, and healthcare. In Lanius, R., Vermetten, E. and Pain, C. (eds), The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease: The Hidden Epidemic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (www.theannainstitute.org/Lanius.pdf).Google Scholar
Forrester, D. and Harwin, J. (2006) Parental substance misuse and child care social work: findings from the first stage of a study of 100 families. Child and Family Social Work, 11(4), 325–35.Google Scholar
Forrester, D. and Harwin, J. (2011) Parents Who Misuse Drugs and Alcohol. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Harwin, J., Alrouh, B., Ryan, M., Tunnard, J. et al. (2014a) Changing lifestyles, keeping children safe: an evaluation of the first Family Drug and Alcohol Court (FDAC) in care proceedings. Brunel University. Available at: http://wp.lancs.ac.uk/cfj-fdac/publications/Google Scholar
Harwin, J., Broadhurst, K., Kershaw, S., Shaw, M., Alrouh, B. and Mason, C. (2014b) Recurrent care proceedings: part 2: young motherhood and the role of the court. Family Law, 44, 1439–43.Google Scholar
Harwin, J., Alrouh, B., Ryan, M., McQuarrie, T., Golding, L., Broadhurst, K., Tunnard, J. and Swift, S. (2016) After FDAC: outcomes 5 years later. Final Report. Lancaster University. Available at: http://wp.lancs.ac.uk/cfj-fdac/publications/Google Scholar
Hatzis, D., Dawe, S., Harnett, P. and Barlow, J. (2017) Quality of caregiving in mothers with illicit substance misuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment.Google ScholarPubMed
Marlow, D. B. and Carey, S. (2012) Research Update on Family Drug Courts, National Association of Drug Court Professionals NADCP, file:///C:/Users/Judith/Documents/INNOVATION%20FUND%2004.11.15/RESEARCH/Reseach%20Update%20on%20Family%20Drug%20Courts%20-%20NADCP.pdfGoogle Scholar
Munro, E. (2011) The Munro Review of Child Protection. Final Report. A Child Centred System. London: Department for Education.Google Scholar
Orford, J. (2013) Power, Powerlessness and Addiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Review of Civil and Family Justice (2016) The Review Group’s Draft Report on Family Justice, 4 August.Google Scholar
Ryan, M., Harwin, J. and Chamberlain, C. (2006) Report on the feasibility of establishing a family drug and alcohol court at Wells St Family Proceedings Court. Available at: http://wp.lancs.ac.uk/cfj-fdac/publications/Google Scholar
Tunnard, J., Ryan, M. and Harwin, J. (2016) Problem solving in the court: current practice in England. Available at: http://fdac.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Problem-solving-in-court-current-practice-in-FDACs-in-England-September-2016_BA.pdfGoogle Scholar
View from the President’s Chambers (12) (2014) The process of reform next steps. Available at: www.familylaw.co.uk/news_and_comment/12th-view-from-the-president-s-chamber-the-process-of-reform-next-steps#.WJRaz_mLTIUGoogle Scholar
View from the President’s Chambers (15) (2016) The looming crisis. Available at: www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/pfd-view-15-care-cases-looming-crisis.pdfGoogle Scholar
Winick, B. J. (2002) Therapeutic jurisprudence and problem solving courts. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 30(3), Article 4.Google Scholar
Wolf, R. V. (2007) Principles of problem solving justice. Centre for Court Innovation, New York. Available at: www.courtinnovation.org/topic/problem-solving-justiceGoogle Scholar
Worcel, S., Furrer, C., Green, B., Burrus, S. and Finigan, M. (2008) Effects of family treatment drug courts on substance abuse and child welfare outcomes. Child Abuse Review, 17, 427–43.Google Scholar

References

Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H. and Juffer, F. (2003) Less is more: meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 195215.Google Scholar
Beebe, B. and Lachmann, F. (2002) Infant Research and Adult Treatment: Co-Constructing Interactions. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.Google Scholar
Beebe, B. and Steele, M. (2013) How does microanalysis of mother–infant communication inform maternal sensitivity and infant attachment? Attachment and Human Development, 15, 583602.Google Scholar
Bettleheim, B. (1987) A Good Enough Parent: A Book on Child-Rearing. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Celebi, M. (2013) Helping to reduce parental anxiety in the perinatal period. Journal of Health Visiting, 1(8), 438–42.Google Scholar
Cross, J. and Kennedy, H. (2011) Video Interaction Guidance: why does it work? In Kennedy, H., Landor, M. and Todd, L. (eds), Video Interaction Guidance: A Relationship-based Intervention to Promote Attunement, Empathy and Well-being. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Cyr, C. (2015) An attachment-based intervention protocol for the assessment of parenting capacity in child welfare cases. SRCD 2015, Philadelphia, PA. Available at: https://vigknowledge.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Chantal%2C+C.%28+2015%29+Attchment+based+intervention+assessing+parental+capacity+in+child+welfare+cases+.pdf (accessed 31 May 2017).Google Scholar
De Zulueta, F. (2015) From pain to violence and how to break the cycle. Available at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d2grzTn3M4 (16.23 min.–end).Google Scholar
Feuerstein, R., Feuerstein, S., Falik, L. and Rand, Y. (1979 [2002]) Dynamic Assessments of Cognitive Modifiability. Jerusalem, Israel: ICELP Press.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P. and Target, M. (1997) Attachment and reflective function: their role in self-organisation. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 679700.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P., Gergely, G. and Target, M. (2007) The parent–infant dyad and the construction of the subjective self. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3/4), 288328.Google Scholar
Fukkink, R. G. (2008) Video feedback in the widescreen: a meta-analysis of family programs. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 904–16.Google Scholar
Fukkink, R., Kennedy, H. and Todd, L. (2011) Video Interaction Guidance: does it work? In Kennedy, H., Landor, M. and Todd, L. (eds), Video Interaction Guidance: A Relationship-based Intervention to Promote Attunement, Empathy and Well-being. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Høivik, M., Lydersen, S., Drugli, M., Onsøien, R., Hansen, M. and Berg-Neilson, T. (2015) Video feedback compared to treatment as usual in families with parent–child interactions problems: a randomized controlled trial. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(3).Google Scholar
Kennedy, H. and Underdown, A. (2017) ‘Video Interaction Guidance: promoting secure attachment and optimal development for children, parents and professionals. In Leach, P (ed.), Innovative Research in Infant Wellbeing. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kennedy, H., Ball, K. and Barlow, J. (2017) How does Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) contribute to infant and parental mental health and well-being? Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22(3), 500–17.Google Scholar
Kennedy, H., Macdonald, M. and Whalley, P. (2015) Video Interaction Guidance: providing an effective response for neglected children. In Gardner, R. (ed.), Neglect. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Kennedy, H., Landor, M. and Todd, L. (eds) (2011) Video Interaction Guidance: A Relationship-based Intervention to Promote Attunement, Empathy and Wellbeing. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Kennedy, H., Landor, M. and Todd, L. (2010) Video Interaction Guidance as a method to promote secure attachment. Education and Child Psychology 27(3), 5972.Google Scholar
Meins, E., Muñoz-Centifanti, L. C., Fernyhough, C. and Fishburn, S. (2013) Maternal mind-mindedness and children’s behavioral difficulties: mitigating the impact of low socioeconomic status. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 543–53.Google Scholar
Moss, E., Dubois-Comtois, K., Cyr, C., Tarabulsy, G. M., St-Laurent, D. and Bernier, A. (2011) Efficacy of a home-visiting intervention aimed at improving maternal sensitivity, child attachment, and behavioral outcomes for maltreated children: a randomized control trial. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 195210.Google Scholar
NICE (2012) NICE Guidelines. Social and emotional wellbeing. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/PH40 (accessed 31 May 2017).Google Scholar
NICE (2015) NICE Guidelines. Children’s attachment: attachment in children and young people who are adopted from care, in care or at high risk of going into care. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng26 (accessed 31 May 2017).Google Scholar
Pardoe, R. (2016) Integrating Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) and psychoanalytic psychotherapy in work with parents and infants. Bulletin of the Association of Child Psychotherapists, May.Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. and Aitken, K. J. (2001) Infant intersubjectivity: research, theory, and clinical application. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(1), 348.Google Scholar

References

Bauer, A., Parsonage, M., Knapp, M. I. V. et al. (2014) The Costs of Perinatal Mental Health Problems. London: PSSRU and Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Bryan, K., Freer, J. and Furlong., C. (2007) Language and communication difficulties in juvenile offenders. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 42(5), 505–20.Google Scholar
Brown, E. R., Khan, L. and Parsonage, M. (2012) A Chance to Change. London: Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Centre for Mental Health (2009) Childhood Mental Health and Life Chance in Post-War Britain: insights from Three National Cohort Studies. Executive Summary. London: Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Chitsabesan, P., Kroll, L., Bailey, S., Kenning, C., Sneider, S., MacDonald, W. and Theodosiou, L. (2006) Mental health needs of offenders in custody and in the community. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 534–40.Google Scholar
Crossley, S. (2015) A kind of trouble: the recontextualisation and operationalisation of the Troubled Families Programme. No method in the Troubled Families Madness. Available at: https://akindoftrouble.wordpress.com/2015/03/11/no-method-in-the-troubled-families-madness/ (accessed January 2016).Google Scholar
Cocozza, J., Keator, K. J., Skowyra, K. R. and Greene, J. (2016) Breaking the school to prison pipeline: the school-based diversion initiative for youth with mental disorders. International Association of Youth and Family Judges, January, 2122.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2013) Health Working Group Report on Child Sexual Exploitation: An Independent Group Chaired by the Department of Health Focusing On: Improving the Outcomes for Children by Promoting Effective Engagement of Health Services and Staff. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2014) Mental Health Crisis Care Concordat: Improving Outcomes for People Experiencing Mental Health Crisis. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2015) Future in Mind: Promoting, Protecting and Improving Children and Young People’s Mental Health and Well Being. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Eckenrode, J., Campa, M., Luckey, D. W., Henderson Jr, C. R., Cole, R., Kitzman, H., Anson, E., Sidora-Arcoleo, K., Powers, J. and Olds, D. (2010) Long-term effects of prenatal and infancy nurse home visitation on the life course of youths: 19-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 164, 915.Google Scholar
Education and Health and Care Committee (2018) The government’s green paper on mental health: failing a generation. Available at: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmhealth/642/64202.htm (accessed May 2018).Google Scholar
Fazel, S., Doll, H. and Långström, N. (2008) Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 25 surveys. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(9), 1010–19.Google Scholar
Fergusson, D., Horwood, J. and Ridder, E. (2005) Show me the child at seven: the consequences of conduct problems in childhood for psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(8), 837–49.Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D. (2008) Childhood Victimization. Violence, Crime and Abuse in the Lives of Young People. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H. and Holt, M. (2009) Pathways to poly-victimization. Child Maltreatment, 14, 316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, T., Vostanis, P., Meltzer, H. and Goodman, R. (2007) Psychiatric disorder among British children looked after by local authorities: comparison with children living in private households. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(4), 319–25.Google Scholar
Frith, E. (2016) Centreforum Commission on Children and Young People’s Mental Health: State of the Nation. London: Centreforum.Google Scholar
Green, H., McGinnity, Á., Meltzer, H., Ford, T. and Goodman, R. (2005) The Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain 2004. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Gutman, L.M., Joshi, H., Parsonage, M. and Schoon, I. (2018) Gender-specific trajectories of conduct problems from ages 3 to 11. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HM Government (2014) Children and Adolescents’ Mental Health and CAMHS. Third Report of Session 2014–15. London: The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Hodgson, K. J., Shelton, K. H., van den Bree, M. B. and Los, F. J. (2013) Psychopathology in young people experiencing homelessness: a systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 103(6), 2437.Google Scholar
Independent Mental Health Taskforce (2016) Five Year Forward View for Mental Health. London: NHS England.Google Scholar
Johnson, S., Blum, W. and Giedd, J. (2009) Adolescent maturity and the brain: the promise and pitfalls of neuroscience research in adolescent health policy. Journal Adolescent Health, 45(3), 216–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R. and Walters, E. E. (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593602.Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M., Anthony, J. C. et al. (2007) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry, 6(3), 168–76.Google Scholar
Khan, L. (2014) Wanting the Best for My Children: Parents’ Voices. London: Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Khan, L. (2015) Falling Through the Gaps: Perinatal Mental Health and General Practice. London: Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Khan, L., Brice, H., Saunders, A. and Plumtree, A. (2013) A Need to Belong: What Leads Girls to Join Gangs. London: Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Khan, L., Parsonage, M. and Stubbs, J. (2015) Investing in Children: A Review of Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Increased Service Provision. London: Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Knapp, M., McDaid, D. and Parsonage, M. (2011) Mental health promotion and prevention: the economic case. Available at: www.pssru.ac.uk/index.php (accessed 22 February 2011).Google Scholar
Lennox, C. and Khan, L. (2013) Youth justice. In Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer 2012: Our Children Deserve Better: Prevention Pays. London: Chief Medical Officer, pp. 200–14.Google Scholar
Maternal Mental Health Alliance (2014) Everyone’s business. Available at: www.everyonesbusiness.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/UK-Specialist-Community-Perinatal-Mental-Health-Teams-currentprovision (accessed 21 December 2013).Google Scholar
Morgan, M. and O’Donnell, M. (2015) Evaluation of the PAX Good Behaviour Game Pilot Study in Ireland. Dublin: Northside and Midlands Area Partnership.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2013) CG158 Antisocial Behaviour and Conduct Disorders in Children and Young People. Recognition, Intervention and Management. National Clinical Guideline Number 158. London: NICE.Google Scholar
NHS England (2015) Liaison and diversion. Available at: www.england.nhs.uk/tag/liaison-and-diversion/ (accessed 1 November 2015).Google Scholar
Parsonage, M., Khan, L. and Saunders, A. (2014) Building a Better Future: The Lifetime Costs of Childhood Behavioural Problems and the Benefits of Early Intervention. London: Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Patel, V., Flisher, A., Hetrick, S. et al. (2007) Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. The Lancet, 369(9569), 1302–13.Google Scholar
Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H. et al. (2014) The prognosis of common mental disorders in adolescents: a 14-year prospective cohort study. Lancet, 383, 1404–11.Google Scholar
Robling, M., Bekkers, M. J., Bell, K. et al. (2016) Effectiveness of a nurse-led intensive home-visitation programme for first-time teenage mothers (Building Blocks): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 387(10014), 146–55.Google Scholar
Singleton, N., Meltzer, H. and Gatward, R. (1998) Psychiatric Morbidity among Prisoners in England and Wales. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Stallard, P., Thomason, J. and Churchyard, S. (2003) The mental health of young people attending a Youth Offending Team: a descriptive study. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 3343.Google Scholar
Washington State Institute of Public Policy (2015) Return on Investment: Evidence-Based Options to Improve Statewide Outcomes. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute of Public Policy.Google Scholar
Williams, W. H., Cordan, G., Mewse, A. J., Tonks, J. and Burgess, C. N. (2010) Self-reported traumatic brain injury in male young offenders: a risk factor for re-offending, poor mental health and violence? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(6), 801–12.Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, H., Aber, J. L. and Beardslee, W. R. (2012) The effects of poverty on the mental and emotional and behavioural health of children and young people: implications for prevention. American Psychologist, 67(4), 273284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Youth Justice Board (2012) Youth Justice Statistics 2010/11 England and Wales Youth Justice Board / Ministry of Justice Statistics Bulletin. London: Youth Justice Board.Google Scholar
Zeanah, C. H. (ed.) (2009) Handbook of Infant Mental Health. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

References

(accessed 28 February 2016).

BBC News Online (2015) FGM trial: prosecutors defend decision to charge acquitted doctor. Available at: www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-31143911 (accessed 8 March 2016).Google Scholar
Berer, M. (2015) The history and role of the criminal law in anti-FGM campaigns: is the criminal law what is needed, at least in countries like Great Britain? Reproductive Health Matters, 23, 145–57.Google Scholar
Black, J. A. and Debelle, G. D. (1995) Female genital mutilation in Britain. British Medical Journal, 310, 1590.Google Scholar
Broadwin, J. (1997) Walking contradictions: Chinese women unbound at the turn of the century. Journal of Historical Sociology, 10(4), 418–43.Google Scholar
Creighton, S. M. and Hodes, D. (2015) Female genital mutilation: what every paediatrician should know. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 101(3), 267–71.Google Scholar
Deller Ross, S. (2008) Women’s Human Rights: The International and Comparative Law Casebook. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
FORWARD UK (n.d.) Available at: www.forwarduk.org.uk/key-issues/fgm (accessed 28 February 2016).Google Scholar
Gele, A., Kumar, B., Hjelde, K. H. and Sundby, J. (2012) Attitudes towards female circumcision among Somali immigrants to Oslo: a qualitative study. International Journal of Women’s Health, 4, 717.Google Scholar
Gele, A., Sagbakken, M. and Kumar, B. (2015) ‘Is female circumcision evolving or dissolving in Norway? A qualitative study on attitudes toward the practice among young Somalis in the Oslo area. International Journal of Women’s Health, 7, 933–43.Google Scholar
Laville, S. (2015) Doctor found not guilty of FMG in London hospital. The Guardian, 4 February. Available at: www.theguardian.com/society/2015/feb/04/doctor-not-guilty-fgm-dhanuson-dharmasena (accessed 23 April 2017)Google Scholar
Topping, A. (2014) FGM: UK plan to require professionals to report suspected cases. The Guardian, 5 December. Available at: www.theguardian.com/society/2014/dec/05/fgm-uk-professionals-report-suspected-cases (accessed 28 February 2016).Google Scholar
Health Education England (n.d.) E learning module to improve awareness and understanding of FGM. Available at: www.e-lfh.org.uk/programmes/female-genital-mutilation (accessed 8 March 2016).Google Scholar
Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) (2015) Female genital mutilation (FGM) – July 2015 to September 2015, experimental statistics, 2 December. Available at: http://content.digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB18533/fgm-apr-2015-jun-2015-exp-rep.pdf (accessed 11 May 2016).Google Scholar
Hodes, D., Armitage, A., Robinson, K. and Creighton, S. M. (2015) Female genital mutilation in children presenting to a London safeguarding clinic: a case series. Archives of Disease in Childhood, published online first.Google ScholarPubMed
Hodes, D. and Creighton, S. M. (2017) Setting up a clinic to assess children and young people for female genital mutilation. Archives of Diseases of Childhood (Education Practice Edition), 102(1), 1418.Google Scholar
Home Office (2015) Mandatory reporting of female genital mutilation – procedural information. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/mandatory-reporting-of-female-genital-mutilation-procedural-informationGoogle Scholar
International NGO Council on Violence against Children (2014) Violating children’s rights: harmful practices based on tradition, culture, religion or superstition: a report from the International NGO Council on Violence against Children. Available at: http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/library/violating-childrens-rights-harmful-practices-based-tradition-culture-religion-or (accessed 8 March 2016).Google Scholar
Johnsdotter, S. and Essen, B. (2016) Cultural change after migration: circumcision of girls in Western migrant communities. Best Practice and Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 32, 1525.Google Scholar
Macfarlane, A. and Dorkenoo, E. (2015) Prevalence of female genital mutilation in England and Wales: national and local estimates. City University London and Equality Now.Google Scholar
Mandela, N. (1994) Long Walk to Freedom. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
O’Neill, B. (2015) The crusade against FGM is out of control. The Spectator. Available at: https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2015/07/the-crusade-against-fgm-is-out-of-control (accessed 28 February 2016).Google Scholar
Rainbo (2009) Available at: www.rainbo.org/fgm-female-genital-mutilation (accessed 1 December 2015).Google Scholar
Reading, R., Bissel, S., Goldhagen, S. et al. (2009) Promotion of children’s rights and prevention of child maltreatment. The Lancet, 373, 332–43.Google Scholar
Simpson, J., Hodes, D., Robinson, K. and Creighton, S. (2012) Female genital mutilation: the role of health professional, assessment and management. British Medical Journal, 344, e1361.Google Scholar
Rowling, M. (2012) France reduces genital cutting with prevention, prosecution lawyer. Thomson Reuters Foundation News, 27 September. Available at: http://news.trust.org//item/?map=france-reduces-genital-cutting-with-prevention-prosecutions-lawyer/ (accessed 11 May 2016).Google Scholar
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) (n.d.) Available at: www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf (accessed 28 February 2016).Google Scholar
United Nations Children’s Fund (2013) Female genital mutilation/cutting: a statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change. UNICEF, New York, July. Available at: www.unicef.org/media/files/UNICEF_FGM_report_July_2013_Hi_res.pdf (accessed 28 February 2016).Google Scholar
Vissandjée, B., Denetto, S., Migliardi, P. and Proctor, J. (2014) Female genital cutting (FGC) and the ethics of care: community engagement and cultural sensitivity at the interface of migration experiences. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 14(13).Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2008) Eliminating female genital mutilation: an interagency statement. Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43839/1/9789241596442_eng.pdf (accessed 23 April 2017).Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2014) Female genital mutilation. Fact sheet no. 241, updated February. Available at: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/Google Scholar

References

Barrett v. London Borough of Enfield [1999] 3 WLR 79.Google Scholar
Bolam v. Friern Barnet Hospital Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582.Google Scholar
CN v. Poole [2016] EWHC 569 (QB).Google Scholar
JD v. East Berkshire Community NHS Trust [2003] EWCA Civ 1151.Google Scholar
S v. Gloucestershire County Council [2001] 2 WLR 909.Google Scholar
Scorer, R. (2017) Claims against social work and medical professionals for wrongful allegations of abuse. Journal of Personal Injury Law, 2.Google Scholar
X (Minors) v. Bedfordshire County Council [1995] 2 AC 633.Google Scholar
Z and others v. United Kingdom [2001] 2 FLR 612, ECHR.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×