Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T05:53:13.530Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Techniques through which the United States has reconciled its practice of offensive legal security with the principle of sovereign equality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Shirley V. Scott
Affiliation:
University of New South Wales, Sydney
Get access

Summary

Modern law . . . begins with an idea of equality among subjects. Legal outcomes are determined by identifying claims of right, not by measuring assertions of power. To identify the operation of political power within an institution of law is to discover a ‘defect’, a site at which reform must be pursued if the values of law are to be maintained.

Paul W. Kahn, 2000

The principle of the sovereign equality of states has been fundamental to the system of international law at least since the time of Grotius. The United States recognized the principle in the opening sentence of the Declaration of Independence, which referred to its ‘separate and equal station’ among the powers of the earth, and has done much to promote the principle. And yet, if the United States had acted as simply one state among equals, playing an equivalent role in negotiations and with no greater influence over the outcomes or the operations of international institutions created through international law, it would not have enhanced its offensive legal capacity and gained in relative influence vis-à-vis other states. If the United States had not at the same time guarded its own legal security in the defensive sense, other states would have been able to impact on US policies and laws via international law to a far greater extent than has been the case. Although it is obvious that states are not politically equal and that sovereign equality could therefore be referred to as a legal fiction or normative ideal, the fact that international law has encapsulated the principle seems to beg the question of how the United States has been able to pursue simultaneously its quest for defensive legal security and its practice of offensive legal security.

Type
Chapter
Information
International Law, US Power
The United States' Quest for Legal Security
, pp. 173 - 201
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Smith, R. C.Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at its Second Annual Meeting held at Washington, DC April 24 and 25, 1908New YorkKraus Reprint Corporation 1968 90Google Scholar
Dickinson, Edwin DeWittThe Equality of States in International LawCambridge, MAHarvard University Press 1920 176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, AlanThe Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking after the First World War, 1919–1923HoundmillsPalgrave Macmillan 2008 56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, Stephen L.Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law 1970 64 American Journal of International Law165Google Scholar
Warren, George L.U.N. Action on Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons 1951 25 Department of State Bulletin639Google Scholar
28 International Legal Materials1456 1989
Gardiner, StephenThe Global Warming Tragedy and the Dangerous Illusion of the Kyoto Protocol 2004 18 Ethics and International Affairs23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiff, BenjaminBuilding the International Criminal CourtCambridge University Press 2008 71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
US President “Makes History” in Last-Minute Assent to War Crimes CourtSydney Morning Herald 2 2001 9
Scott, V.The Problem of Unequal Treaties in Contemporary International Law: How the Most Powerful Have Reneged on the Political Compacts within which Five Cornerstone Treaties of Global Governance are Situated 2008 4 Journal of International Law and International Relations101Google Scholar
Detter, IngridThe Problem of Unequal Treaties 1966 15 International and Comparative Law QuarterlyCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaker, Mohamed I.The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: Origin and Implementation 1959–1979LondonOceana 1980 564Google Scholar
Principles and Objectives for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: New York 17 April to 12 May 1995: Report of the Australian DelegationCanberraDepartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade 1995 62
Messerlin, PatrickAgricultural Liberalization in the Doha Round 2005 5 Global Economy Journal4www.bepress.com/gej/vol5/iss4/2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clapp, JenniferWTO Agriculture Negotiations: Implications for the Global South 2006 27 Third World Quarterly563CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McRae, DonaldDeveloping Countries and the Future of the WTO 2005 8 Journal of International Economic Law603CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adhikari, RameshAthukorala, Prema-chandraDeveloping Countries in the World Trading System: An OverviewDeveloping Countries in the World Trading System: The Uruguay Round and BeyondCheltenhamEdward Elgar 2002 8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael Finger, J.Implementing the Uruguay Round Agreements: Problems for Developing Countries 2001 24 World Economy1097CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21 International Legal Materials1261 1982CrossRef
Scott, Shirley V.The LOS Convention as a Constitutional Regime for the OceansOude Elferink, Alex G.Stability and Change in the Law of the Sea: The Role of the LOS ConventionLeidenMartinus Nijhoff 2005 9Google Scholar
33 International Legal Materials1309 1994
Keefer, Scott AndrewBuilding the Palace of Peace: The Hague Conference of 1907 and Arms Control before the World War 2007 9 Journal of the History of International Law35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, John W.Arbitration and the Hague CourtLittleton, COFred B. Rothman 1980 33Google Scholar
Rumsfeld, Donald H.Quadrennial Defense Review Report 2001Department of Defense 2001 45Google Scholar
O’Hanlon, MichaelNeither Star Wars nor Sanctuary: Constraining the Military Uses of SpaceWashington, DCBrookings Institution Press 2004 14Google Scholar
Scott, Shirley V.Whose Security Is It and How Much of It Do We Want? The US Influence on the International Law against Maritime TerrorismKlein, NatalieMossop, JoannaRothwell, DonaldMaritime Security: International Law and Policy Perspectives from Australia and New ZealandLondonRoutledge 2009 76Google Scholar
Chalk, PeterThe Maritime Dimension of International Security: Terrorism, Piracy and Challenges for the United StatesSanta MonicaRAND 2008 45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, Dale D.The Business Dynamics of Global Regulatory CompetitionVogel, DavidRobert A. KaganDynamics of Regulatory ChangeBerkeleyUniversity of California Press 2004 84Google Scholar
Langewiesche, WilliamThe Outlaw Sea: A World of Freedom, Chaos, and CrimeNew YorkNorth Point 2004 5Google Scholar
DeSombre, Elizabeth R.Flagging Standards: Globalization and Environmental Safety and Labor Regulations at SeaCambridge, MAMIT 2006 78Google Scholar
Duffy, HelenInternational Law and the War on TerrorNew YorkCambridge University Press 2005Google Scholar
Agamben, GiorgioState of ExceptionUniversity of Chicago Press 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphreys, StephenLegalizing Lawlessness: On Giorgio Agamben’s 2006 17 European Journal of International Law677CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johns, FleurGuantánamo Bay and the Annihilation of the Exception 2005 16 European Journal of International Law613CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrington, DamianWikiLeaks Cables Reveal How US Manipulated Climate AccordGuardian 3 2010 www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/dec/03/wikileaks-us-manipulated-climate-accord?INTCMP=SRCHGoogle Scholar
Meisler, StanleyUnited Nations: The First Fifty YearsNew YorkAtlantic Monthly Press 1995 19Google Scholar
Scharf, Michael P.Results of the Rome Conference for an International Criminal Court 1998 ASIL Insightwww.asil.org/insights/insigh23.htmGoogle Scholar
Glasius, MarliesThe International Criminal Court: A Global Civil Society AchievementLondonRoutledge 2006 20Google Scholar
Elberling, BjörnThe Character of Legislative Action by the Security CouncilFijalkowski, AgataInternational Institutional Reform: 2005 Hague Joint Conference on Contemporary Issues of International LawHagueT. M. C. Asser Institute 2007 49Google Scholar
Reiss, MitchellWithout the Bomb: The Politics of Nuclear NonproliferationNew YorkColumbia University Press 1988 280Google Scholar
Vaitheeswaran, VijayPower to the People: How the Coming Energy Revolution Will Transform an Industry, Change Our Lives, and Maybe Even Save the PlanetNew YorkFarrar, Straus & Giroux 2003 146Google Scholar
Acharya, Upendra D.Is Development a Lost Paradise? Trade, Environment, and Development: A Triadic Dream of International Law 2007 45 Alberta Law Review401Google Scholar
Hull, CordellOur Foreign Policy. America’s Contribution to World Peace 1938 4 Vital Speeches of the Day368Google Scholar
Eisenhower, Dwight D.State of the Union Message 1959 40 Department of State Bulletin118Google Scholar
US Department of StatePapers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1903Washington, DCGovernment Printing Office 1904 1Google Scholar
Straus, Oscar S.The Growth of the SocietyProceedings of the American Society of International Law at its First Annual Meeting held at Washington, DC, April 19 and 20, 1907New YorkKraus Reprint Corporation 1968 214Google Scholar
Sayre, Francis B.The Challenge of International Law: Clouds of Discouragement Hang Low 1938 4 Vital Speeches of the Day467Google Scholar
Woodliffe, JohnThe Peacetime Use of Foreign Military Installations under Modern International LawDordrechtMartinus Niijhoff 1992 15Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×