The biologist Stephen Jay Gould’s most popular work was The Mismeasure of Man, a hefty book (over 400 pages in its revised version) arguing that intelligence testing and intelligence research were part of a lengthy history of social scientists who have been blinded by their social views in order to bend the data to support their incorrect preconceived (and often racist) beliefs (Gould, 1981, 1996). One of the main arguments in Gould’s book is that intelligence is a reification, which is the term for an abstract idea that is treated as if it were real. The quote above encapsulates one of Gould’s reasons why he believes that intelligence or g is not a real entity: it has no apparent connection with the physical or functional properties of the brain. While this belief was not completely unreasonable when Gould wrote the first edition of his book in 1981, neuroscientists have since amassed findings that suggest that g has real connections to the anatomy and functioning of human brains.