The 'New Women' of late nineteenth-century Britain were seen as defying society's conventions. Studying this phenomenon from its origins in the 1870s to the outbreak of the Great War, Gillian Sutherland examines whether women really had the economic freedom to challenge norms relating to work, political action, love and marriage, and surveys literary and pictorial representations of the New Woman. She considers the proportion of middle-class women who were in employment and the work they did, and compares the different experiences of women who went to Oxbridge and those who went to other universities. Juxtaposing them against the period's rapidly expanding but seldom studied groups of women white-collar workers, the book pays particular attention to clerks and teachers, and their political engagement. It also explores the dividing lines between ladies and women, the significance of respectability and the interactions of class, status and gender lying behind such distinctions.

A Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2015

‘Gillian Sutherland looks beyond the much-discussed, much-caricatured New Woman of the 1890s - dashing, daring, and scandalously experimental - to the real women of the period, and turns up the truth that most female agents of change then were clerks and especially schoolteachers. Both cultural historians and general readers will be fascinated by the stories told here, and persuaded that the media hype of periods long before our own should also be viewed with skepticism.’

Rachel M. Brownstein - City University of New York

‘The ‘new woman’ was typist, nurse, schoolteacher or actress - beneficiaries of the 1902 Education Act, advocates of social reform, economic independence and political liberty. Gillian Sutherland's fine new book argues that ‘new women’ were the shock troops of change in class and sexual relations and national culture in Britain in the early twentieth century.’

Sally Alexander - Goldsmiths, University of London

‘Gillian Sutherland’s book is indispensable. This is the first book to accrue and examine a vast array of historical evidence as to the New Woman's actual existence. The results, and Sutherland’s astute conclusions, will completely change the way in which we think about women in the nineteenth century.’

Clare Pettitt - King's College London

‘This lucidly written study blows open the late nineteenth-century journalistic cliché of the New Woman. Consistently alert to subtleties of class, agency, and respectability, Sutherland’s extensive research shows the slow, rather than sensational changes that were taking place, and opens up new doors of inquiry in women’s social and cultural history.’

Kate Flint - University of Southern California

'The book is well written and cogently argued, employing considerable, even admirable, research. It fits - indeed, leads - in a field that has grown dramatically in historical study, especially because it repeatedly points clearly to areas of study needed to better understand women and women's work in historical context. An important contribution that should be in all libraries.'

M. J. Moore Source: Choice

'Sutherland’s innovative approach to middle- and lower-middle-class women’s expanding professional prospects and shifting social and political outlooks offers a number of intriguing lines of inquiry. She explores records from technical schools, tracing the educational infrastructure that helped sustain socially aspiring women’s mass entrance into clerical employment. Sutherland also devotes substantial attention to the complex expansion of state education and the generally positive opportunities this afforded female teachers.'

Katie Hindmarch-Watson Source: Journal of Modern History