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16 - Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) in fungi

from V - Environmental population genetics of fungi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2009

By
Matthew C. Fisher
Edited by
Geoffrey Gadd ,
Sarah C. Watkinson  and
Paul S. Dyer
Matthew C. Fisher
Affiliation:
Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London
Geoffrey Gadd
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
Sarah C. Watkinson
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Paul S. Dyer
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham
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Summary

What is multilocus typing?

Origins of the technique

The characterization of genetic variation has revolutionized our understanding of fungal populations and species. Traditionally, advances have been most rapid in the fields of medical mycology and phytopathology (Taylor et al., 1999b) owing to the need for effective molecular epidemiological tools. Epidemiological studies are typically concerned with disease outbreaks, the origin and spread of virulent strains, or the emergence of an interesting phenotype such as antibiotic resistance. Genetic variation in the genomes of pathogens provides a means by which isolates can be differentiated from one another (Taylor et al., 1999b). The characterization of this molecular variation has given rise to the field of molecular epidemiology, whereby genetic variation is used to address questions about the biology and transmission of infectious diseases. However, the techniques developed for molecular epidemiology are not limited to medical fields, and there is huge potential to apply these methodologies to non-disease-causing organisms.

The power of molecular epidemiology as an analytical tool has led to a period of rapid development, resulting in many methods for indexing genetic variation, such as VNTRs (variable number tandem repeats), MLEE (multilocus enzyme electrophoresis), RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms), RAPDs (randomly amplified polymorphic repeats) and PFGE (pulse field gel electrophoresis), to name but a few (Taylor et al., 1999b; McEwen et al., 2000). Typically, laboratories have tended to develop in-house techniques that are specifically focused on a particular problem, and are usually a variant on the above.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fungi in the Environment , pp. 340 - 354
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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References

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