Leaders in environmental health and science have summarized the most current information about environmental contaminants and exposures, and their relevance to reproductive health and reproductive disorders. Many chemicals that affect reproductive health are endocrine disruptors, which are mimetics or antagonists of naturally occurring steroid hormones, or chemicals that have the capacity to alter the metabolism, half-life, secretion, and excretion of endogenous hormones. Advances in health technologies to monitor biological actions of chemicals, along with advances in systems biology, including bioinformatics, computational technologies to quantify and characterize effects of thousands of chemicals on cellular functions, biochemical pathways and cellular components offer an opportunity to revolutionize toxicology testing. Regarding assessment of risk, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has recently published a summary of special analysis of science and decisions: advancing risk assessment that is particularly relevant to environmental risk assessment.