Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-18T16:07:21.680Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Digital Entrepreneurship and Blockchain

from Part II - Digital Business Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2021

Vincenzo Morabito
Affiliation:
Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milan
Get access

Summary

Blockchain technology, originally the basis of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, has received great attention from both academics and practitioners in the last decade. The consequent rise of interest in blockchain applications by different industries as well as public sector organizations has been complemented by questions and research on the impact of blockchain on organizations’ business models. Blockchain is also considered a source of innovation opportunities and challenges for entrepreneurs. Therefore, this chapter explores its potential for digital entrepreneurs, by first introducing the main elements making up the technology and then discussing eight companies that apply blockchain in different sectors, thus providing insights for new ventures. The chapter aims to give an essential understanding of blockchain’s advantages for digital entrepreneurs as well as insights that could inspire potential future applications of this technology for value creation and innovation in different sectors.

Type
Chapter
Information
Digital Entrepreneurship
Management, Systems and Practice
, pp. 150 - 180
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Nakamoto, S. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. (2008) https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf [accessed December 25, 2020].Google Scholar
Tapscott, D, Tapscott, A. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Penguin (2016).Google Scholar
Mattereum. Mattereum – For Truth in Trade. (2020) https://mattereum.com/ [accessed May 24, 2020].Google Scholar
Crunchbase. Vinay Gupta. (2019) www.crunchbase.com/person/vinay-gupta-5#section-overview [accessed May 24, 2020].Google Scholar
Gupta, V. A Brief History of Blockchain. Harvard Business Review – Technology (2017) Feb. 28 https://hbr.org/2017/02/a-brief-history-of-blockchain [accessed May 24, 2020].Google Scholar
Grover, P., Kar, A.K. and Janssen, M. Diffusion of blockchain technology: Insights from academic literature and social media analytics, Journal of Enterprise Information Management (2019) 32(5):735757. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-06-2018-0132CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casino, F, Dasaklis, TK, Patsakis, C. A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain-Based Applications: Current Status, Classification and Open Issues. Telemat Informatics (2019) 36:5581. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006.Google Scholar
European Union Blockchain Observatory and Forum. Map. (2020) www.eublockchainforum.eu/initiative-map [accessed May 24, 2020].Google Scholar
Morkunas, VJ, Paschen, J, Boon, E. How Blockchain Technologies Impact Your Business Model. Business Horizons (2019) 62:295306. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.01.009.Google Scholar
Weking, J, Mandalenakis, M, Hein, A, Hermes, S, Böhm, M, Krcmar, H. The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Business Models – A Taxonomy and Archetypal Patterns. Electron Markets (2019) doi: 10.1007/s12525-019-00386-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larios-Hernández, GJ. Blockchain Entrepreneurship Opportunity in the Practices of the Unbanked. Business Horizons (2017) 60:865–74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.07.012.Google Scholar
Zohar, A. Bitcoin under the Hood. Communications of the ACM (2015) 58:104–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BitFury Group. Proof of Stake versus Proof of Work – White Paper. (2015) September 13 (Version 10):126.Google Scholar
Code, F. The Dangers Linked to the Emergence of Virtual Currencies: The Example of Bitcoins. Focus (Banque de France) (2013) 10 (December 5):16 www.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/medias/documents/focus-10_2013-12-05_en.pdf [accessed December 25, 2020].Google Scholar
EVRY. Blockchain: Powering the Internet of Value. (2016) www.finyear.com/attachment/637653/ [accessed April 27, 2020].Google Scholar
Lewis, A. A Gentle Introduction to Blockchain Technology. Brave New Coin (2015).Google Scholar
Farell, R. An Analysis of the Cryptocurrency Industry. Wharton Research Scholars Journal (2015) 130:123.Google Scholar
Sayadi, S, Rejeb, S Ben, Choukair, Z. Blockchain Challenges and Security Schemes: A Survey. In: 2018 Seventh International Conference on Communications and Networking (ComNet) (2018) 17.Google Scholar
Kale, V. Blockchain Computing. In: Digital Transformation of Enterprise Architecture. CRC Press – Taylor & Francis Group (2020) 446.Google Scholar
Dorri, A, Kanhere, SS, Jurdak, R. Blockchain in Internet of Things: Challenges and Solutions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1608.05187 (2016) 1608.Google Scholar
Kiviat, TI. Beyond Bitcoin: Issues in Regulating Blockchain Transactions. Duke Law Journal (2015) 1:569608.Google Scholar
Froystad, P, Holm, J. Blockchain: Powering the Internet of Value. (2015) www.finyear.com/attachment/637653/ [accessed April 27, 2020].Google Scholar
Lewis, A et al. Understanding Blockchain Technology. Asian Insights Office DBS Group Research (2016).Google Scholar
Wright, A, De Filippi, P. Decentralized Blockchain Technology and the Rise of Lex Cryptographia. (2015) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2580664.Google Scholar
Hileman, G. State of Blockchain Q1 2016: Blockchain Funding Overtakes Bitcoin. (2016) May 11 www.coindesk.com/state-of-blockchain-q1-2016 [accessed June 1, 2020].Google Scholar
Ghosh, M. Funding in Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Is Moving from the U.S. to China. (2020) April 9 https://jumpstartmag.com/funding-in-cryptocurrency-and-blockchain-is-moving-from-the-u-s-to-china/ [accessed June 1, 2020].Google Scholar
CB Insights. The Blockchain Report 2020: Financing, Themes, Coronavirus, & The Year Ahead. (2020) www.tagonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/CB-Insights_Blockchain-Report-2020.pdf [accessed December 25, 2020].Google Scholar
Bogart, S, Rice, K. The Blockchain Report: Welcome to the Internet of Value. Needham Company, LLC (2015).Google Scholar
Loyyal. About Us. (2018) www.loyyal.com/ [accessed May 5, 2020].Google Scholar
Fromhart, S, Therattil, L. Making Blockchain Real for Customer Loyalty Rewards Programs. Deloitte Development LLC (2016).Google Scholar
EconoTimes. Blockchain Startup Ribbit.me Rebrands as Loyyal. (2016) www.econotimes.com/Blockchain-Startup-Ribbitme-Rebrands-As-Loyyal-200254 [accessed May 5, 2020].Google Scholar
de Leon, P. Startup Loyyal Uses Blockchain Tech to Keep Customers, Well, Loyal. (2017) www.entrepreneur.com/article/292332 [accessed May 5, 2020].Google Scholar
Simon, G. Banks Should Be Experience Providers, and Blockchain Can Help. (2016) July 23 (article originally posted MoneySummit June 29, 2016) www.linkedin.com/pulse/banks-should-experience-providers-blockchain-can-help-gregory/ [accessed May 5, 2020].Google Scholar
PYMNTS. Loyalty Programs, The Blockchain Way. (2016) www.pymnts.com/blockchain/2016/topic-tbd-loyalty-programs-blockchain-loyyal/ [accessed May 5, 2020].Google Scholar
Deloitte. Deloitte Continues Growing Major Blockchain Initiative, Teaming with Five Technology Companies and Announcing 20 Prototypes in Development. (2016) May 3 www2.deloitte.com/mt/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/mt-pr2016-008-deloitte-blockchain-initiative-with-five-tech-companies-and-20-prototypes-in-development.html [accessed May 5, 2020].Google Scholar
Loyyal. Loyyal Selected to Participate in the Inaugural Dubai Future Accelerators Program. (2016) https://medium.com/@Loyyal/loyyal-selected-to-participate-in-the-inaugural-dubai-future-accelerators-program-81f92fa7308e [accessed May 5, 2020].Google Scholar
Parker, L. Loyyal Helps Make Dubai the Global Leader in Blockchain Technology. (2016) October 11 http://bravenewcoin.com/news/loyyal-helps-to-make-dubai-the-global-leader-in-blockchain-technology/ [accessed May 5, 2020].Google Scholar
Everledger. About Us – We Are the Digital Transparency Company. (2019) www.everledger.io/about [accessed May 7, 2020].Google Scholar
Lomas, N. Everledger Is Using Blockchain to Combat Fraud, Starting with Diamonds. (2015) June 29 https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/29/everledger/ [accessed May 7, 2020].Google Scholar
Price, R. This London Startup Could Make Diamond Theft a Thing of the Past – and That’s Just the Start. (2015) August 28 www.businessinsider.com.au/everledger-ledger-diamonds-blockchain-tech-theft-fraud-2015–8 [accessed May 7, 2020].Google Scholar
Peverelli, R, de Feniks, R. Everledger: Blockchain-Based Diamond Fraud Detection. (2016) March 16 www.digitalinsuranceagenda.com/featured-insurtechs/everledger-blockchain-based-diamond-fraud-detection/ [accessed May 7, 2020].Google Scholar
Wiggers, K. Everledger Raises $20 Million to Track Assets with Blockchain Tech. (2019) September 24 https://venturebeat.com/2019/09/24/everledger-raises-20-million-to-track-assets-with-blockchain-tech/ [accessed May 7, 2020].Google Scholar
Estimeo. Everledger. (2020) www.estimeo.com/p/everledger [accessed May 7, 2020].Google Scholar
Novack, A, Kauflin, J. The Forbes Fintech 50: The Most Innovative Fintech Companies In 2020. (2020) February 12 www.forbes.com/fintech/2020/#7b004b3a4acd [accessed May 7, 2020].Google Scholar
Natarajan, H, Krause, S, Gradstein, H. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and Blockchain – FinTech Note No. 1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / World Bank (2017).Google Scholar
Walport, M. Distributed Ledger Technology: Beyond Block Chain – A Report by the UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser. Government Office for Science (UK) (2016).Google Scholar
Everledger. Industry Solutions. (2019) www.everledger.io/industry-solutions/ [accessed May 7, 2020].Google Scholar
Prisco, G. The Blockchain for Healthcare: Gem Launches Gem Health Network with Philips Blockchain Lab. (2016) April 26 https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/the-blockchain-for-heathcare-gem-launches-gem-health-network-with-philips-blockchain-lab-1461674938 [accessed May 9, 2020].Google Scholar
Gem. Health. (2018) https://enterprise.gem.co/health/. [accessed May 9, 2020].Google Scholar
Burniske, C, Vaughn, E, Shelton, J, Cahana, A. How Blockchain Technology Can Enhance EHR Operability. ARK Investment Management LLC (2016).Google Scholar
Crunchbase. Gem. (2020) www.crunchbase.com/organization/gem#section-overview [accessed May 9, 2020].Google Scholar
Barclays. Blockchain Revolution in Trade Finance. (2016) September 30 www.barclayscorporate.com/insights/innovation/blockchain-revolution-in-trade-finance/ [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
Finextra. Barclays Signs Contracts with Six Accelerator Graduates. (2016) September 16 www.finextra.com/newsarticle/29448/barclays-signs-contracts-with-six-accelerator-graduates [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
Kelly, J. Barclays Says Conducts First Blockchain-Based Trade-Finance Deal. (2016) September 7 www.reuters.com/article/us-banks-barclays-blockchain/barclays-says-conducts-first-blockchain-based-trade-finance-deal-idUSKCN11D23B [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
Wave. The Digital Courier. (2020) http://wavebl.com/ Accessed 10 May 2020Google Scholar
Andreasyan, T. Barclays and Fintech Start-Up Wave Pioneer Blockchain Trade Finance Transaction. (2016) September 7 www.fintechfutures.com/2016/09/barclays-and-fintech-start-up-wave-pioneer-blockchain-trade-finance-transaction/ [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
Rizzo, P. Wave Brings Blockchain Trade Finance Trial to Barclays. (2015) October 15 www.coindesk.com/wave-blockchain-trade-finance-barclays [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
AngelList. (2018) Wave (OGYDocs Inc) – The Key to Paperless Trade. https://angel.co/company/wavebl [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
The Blockchain Summit. Speakers & Panelists. In: Blockchain Summit Conf. Thursday, March 23 (2017). https://the-blockchain-summit.events.co.il/people/3411-gadi-ruschin [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
Shamah, D. Israeli Start-Up’s Bitcoin-Based Tech Raises a Mast for Shippers. (2015) November 3 www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-start-ups-bitcoin-based-tech-raises-a-mast-for-shippers/ [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
Global Banking & Finance Review. (2016) Barclays and Wave Complete World First Blockchain Trade Finance Transaction. (2016) September 9 www.globalbankingandfinance.com/barclays-wave-complete-world-first-blockchain-trade-finance-transaction/ [accessed May 10, 2020].Google Scholar
Parker, L. Align Commerce Could Modernize the B2B Payments Industry with Bitcoins Blockchain. (2015) November 24 http://bravenewcoin.com/news/align-commerce-could-modernize-the-b2b-payments-industry-with-bitcoins-blockchain/ [accessed May 13, 2020].Google Scholar
Behalf. Cutting Edge B2B Payment Trends in 2020 and the Cloud Impact. Behalf (2019).Google Scholar
Financial IT. Preparing for 2020: The Impact of the Cloud on B2B Payments. (2019) November 18 https://financialit.net/news/payments/preparing-2020-impact-cloud-b2b-payments [accessed May 13, 2020].Google Scholar
Srinivas, V, Schoeps, J-T, Ramsay, T, Wadhwani, R, Hazuria, S, Jain, A. 2020 Banking and Capital Markets Outlook: Fortifying the Core for the Next Wave of Disruption. Deloitte Center for Financial Service (DCFS) (2019).Google Scholar
Veem. Our Mission. (2019) www.veem.com/about-us/ [accessed May 13, 2020].Google Scholar
Lunden, I. Veem, Formerly Align Commerce, Gets $24 M from GV, Others for Its Venmo for SMBs. (2017) March 8 https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/08/align-commerce-veem-24-million/ [accessed May 13, 2020].Google Scholar
Rizzo, P. KPCB Leads $12.5 Million Round for Blockchain Firm Align Commerce. (2015) November 17 www.coindesk.com/blockchain-kpcb-align-commerce-12–5-million-series-a/ [accessed May 13, 2020].Google Scholar
Crunchbase. Veem. (2020) www.crunchbase.com/organization/goveem [accessed May 13, 2020].Google Scholar
Veem. Technology to Help You Pay and Get Paid. (2019) www.veem.com/how-it-works/ [accessed May 13, 2020].Google Scholar
Veem. Send to and from These Countries / Send to These Countries. (2019) www.veem.com/where-to-send-receive-wire-transfers/ [accessed May 13, 2020].Google Scholar
Shapshak, T. Identity Service Civic Launches, Offers $1 M ID Theft Insurance. (2016) July 19 www.forbes.com/sites/tobyshapshak/2016/07/19/identity-service-civic-launches-offers-1m-id-theft-insurance/ [accessed December 25, 2020].Google Scholar
Tedder, K, Buzzard, J. 2020 Identity Fraud Study: Genesis of the Identity Fraud Crisis. (2020) April 7 www.javelinstrategy.com/coverage-area/2020-identity-fraud-study-genesis-identity-fraud-crisis [accessed December 25, 2020].Google Scholar
Kraus, E. 2020 Javelin ID Fraud Study Points to Dramatic Rise in Real-Time P2P Fraud. (2020) April 27 www.fisglobal.com/ja-jp/insights/what-we-think/2020/april/2020-javelin-id-fraud-study-points-to-dramatic-rise-in-real-time-p2p-fraud [accessed December 25, 2020].Google Scholar
Crunchbase. Civic. (2020) www.crunchbase.com/organization/civic#section-overview [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Barrett, B. A New Service Alerts You When Someone Uses Your Social Security Number. (2016) July 19 www.wired.com/2016/07/new-service-alerts-social-security-numbers-used/ [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Civic. The Token Sale Has Ended! (2017) https://tokensale.civic.com/ [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Identity. Decentralized Identity Verification. (2020) www.identity.com/ [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Civic. To Give People Control and Security Over Their Digital Identity. (2020) www.civic.com/company/ [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Civic. Meet the Team. (2020) www.civic.com/company/team/ [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Crunchbase. gyft. (2020) www.crunchbase.com/organization/gyft#section-overview [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Redman, J. Civic’s $1Million Identity Fraud Protection. (2016) https://news.bitcoin.com/civic-identity-fraud-protection/ [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Youngs, B, Henley, S. Civic and Coincover Announce the First-of-Its-Kind Crypto Wallet With a $1 Million Protection Guarantee. (2020) March 31 www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200331005187/en/Civic-Coincover-Announce-First-of-its-Kind-Crypto-Wallet-1 [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Coincover. Coincover Is the #1 Brand in Crypto Security. (2020) www.coincover.com/about-us [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Rizzo, P. Vinny Lingham Leaves Gyft, Raises $2.75 Million for Identity Startup. (2016) January 27, updated January 28 www.coindesk.com/gyft-founder-raises-2–75-million-for-id-startup-civic/ [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
Civic. Civic Wallet FAQs. (2020) www.civic.com/civic-wallet-faqs/ [accessed May 18, 2020].Google Scholar
ShoCard. ShoCard – Acquired by Ping Identity (March 2020). (2020) www.linkedin.com/company/shocard-inc [accessed May 19, 2020].Google Scholar
Crunchbase. ShoCard. (2020) www.crunchbase.com/organization/shocard-inc [accessed May 19, 2020].Google Scholar
Crunchbase. Ping Identity. (2020) www.crunchbase.com/organization/ping-identity-corporation [accessed May 19, 2020].Google Scholar
Dillet, R. ShoCard Is a Digital Identity Card on the Blockchain. (2015) May 5 https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/05/shocard-is-a-digital-identity-card-on-the-blockchain/ [accessed May 19, 2020].Google Scholar
Shrier, D, Wu, W, Pentland, A. Blockchain & Infrastructure (Identity,Data Security) – Part 3. MIT Connection Science (2016) May:119.Google Scholar
Shocard. Identity for a Mobile World. (2016) www.sita.aero/globalassets/docs/events/2015-sita-innovation-day/shocard-armin-ebrahimi.pdf [accessed June 1, 2020].Google Scholar
Dillet, R. ShoCard and SITA Want to Store Your ID Details on the Blockchain to Authenticate Travelers. (2016) May 25 https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/25/shocard-and-sita-want-to-store-your-id-details-on-the-blockchain-to-authenticate-travelers/ [accessed May 19, 2020].Google Scholar
ShoCard. Alhamrani Universal & ShoCard Develop Biometric ATM for Saudi Arabian Market. (2019) February 27 www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/02/27/1743463/0/en/Alhamrani-Universal-ShoCard-Develop-Biometric-ATM-For-Saudi-Arabian-Market.html [accessed May 19, 2020].Google Scholar
Porter, D. Alhamrani Universal & ShoCard Develop Biometric ATM for Saudi Arabian Market. (2019) March 4 https://bitcoinsbrain.com/news/business/alhamrani-universal-shocard-develop-biometric-atm-for-saudi-arabian-market/ [accessed May 19, 2020].Google Scholar
Snow, P, Deery, B, Lu, J, Johnston, D, Kirb, P. Factom: Business Processes Secured by Immutable Audit Trails on the Blockchain. Whitepaper. Factom (2014) https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FactomProject/FactomDocs/master/Factom_Whitepaper.pdf [accessed December 25, 2020].Google Scholar
Bible, W, Raphael, J, Taylor, P, Oris Valiente, I. Blockchain Technology and Its Potential Impact on the Audit and Assurance Profession. Deloitte Development LLC (2017).Google Scholar
Factom. The Factom Story. (2019) www.factom.com/company/about-us/ [accessed May 21, 2020].Google Scholar
Crunchbase. Factom. (2020) www.crunchbase.com/organization/factom [accessed May 21, 2020].Google Scholar
Factom. Factom Inc. Announces Next Generation of Harmony. (2019) June 4 www.factom.com/company/news/press-release/factom-inc-announces-next-generation-of-harmony/ [accessed May 21, 2020].Google Scholar
Factom. Internet of Things with Factom. (2019) www.factom.com/solutions/iot-use-cases/ [accessed May 21, 2020].Google Scholar
Factom. Solutions to Make Your Applications Stand Out. (2019) www.factom.com/solutions/ [accessed May 21, 2020].Google Scholar
AngelList. Factom – A Blockchain Innovations Company Transforming the Way Organizations Interact with Data. (2018) https://angel.co/company/factom-for-profit [accessed May 21, 2020].Google Scholar
Factom. Factom Blockchain. (2019) www.factom.com/factom-blockchain/ [accessed May 21, 2020].Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×