Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-30T15:57:51.442Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 20 - Pharmacological Treatment of Violence in Schizophrenia

from Part III - Psychopharmacological Treatment Considerations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2021

Katherine Warburton
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis
Stephen M. Stahl
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
Get access

Summary

Known predictors of violence include patients with co-morbid substance use disorders (SUDs) and nonadherence with prescribed treatments, those with co-morbid personality disorders, and those with frequent relapses/arrests/civil commitments.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Citrome, L, Volavka, J. The psychopharmacology of violence: making sensible decisions. CNS Spectr. 2014; 19(5): 411418.Google Scholar
Meyer, JM, Cummings, MA, Proctor, G, et al. Psychopharmacology of persistent violence and aggression. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2016; 39(4): 541556.Google Scholar
Fazel, S, Gulati, G, Linsell, L, et al. Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2009; 6(8): e1000120.Google Scholar
Witt, K, van Dorn, R, Fazel, S. Risk factors for violence in psychosis: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 110 studies. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2): e55942.Google Scholar
Sariaslan, A, Lichtenstein, P, Larsson, H, et al. Triggers for violent criminality in patients with psychotic disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016; 73(8): 796803.Google Scholar
Torrey, EF. Stigma and violence: isn’t it time to connect the dots? Schizophr Bull. 2011; 37(5): 892896.Google Scholar
Bhavsar, V, Bhugra, D. Violence towards people with mental illness: assessment, risk factors, and management. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018; 72(11): 811820.Google Scholar
Walsh, E, Buchanan, A, Fahy, T. Violence and schizophrenia: examining the evidence. Br J Psychiatry. 2002; 180: 490495.Google Scholar
Nolan, KA, Volavka, J, Czobor, P, et al. Aggression and psychopathology in treatment-resistant inpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2005; 39(1): 109115.Google Scholar
Quanbeck, CD, McDermott, BE, Lam, J, et al. Categorization of aggressive acts committed by chronically assaultive state hospital patients. Psychiatr Serv. 2007; 58(4): 521528.Google Scholar
Sirotich, F. The criminal justice outcomes of jail diversion programs for persons with mental illness: a review of the evidence. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2009; 37(4): 461472.Google Scholar
Volavka, J, Van Dorn, RA, Citrome, L, et al. Hostility in schizophrenia: an integrated analysis of the combined Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) and the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) studies. Eur Psychiatry. 2016; 31: 1319.Google Scholar
Morrissette, DA, Stahl, SM. Treating the violent patient with psychosis or impulsivity utilizing antipsychotic poly pharmacy and high-dose mono therapy. CNS Spectr. 2014; 19: 439448.Google Scholar
Patchan, K, Vyas, G, Hackman, AL, et al. Clozapine in reducing aggression and violence in forensic populations. Psychiatr Q. 2018; 89(1): 157168.Google Scholar
Ratey, JJ, Leveroni, C, Kilmer, D, et al. The effects of clozapine on severely aggressive psychiatric inpatients in a state hospital. J Clin Psychiatry. 1993; 54(6): 219223.Google Scholar
Rabinowitz, J, Avnon, M, Rosenberg, V. Effect of clozapine on physical and verbal aggression. Schizophr Res. 1996; 22(3): 249255.Google Scholar
Chiles, JA, Davidson, P, McBride, D. Effects of clozapine on use of seclusion and restraint at a state hospital. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1994; 45(3): 269271.Google Scholar
Sinyor, M, Remington, G. Is psychiatry ignoring suicide?: the case for clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012; 32(3): 307308.Google Scholar
Brunette, MF, Drake, RE, Xie, H, et al. Clozapine use and relapses of substance use disorder among patients with co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorders. Schizophr Bull. 2006; 32(4): 637643.Google Scholar
Misawa, F, Kishimoto, T, Hagi, K, et al. Safety and tolerability of long acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies comparing the same antipsychotics. Schizophr Res. 2016; 176(2–3): 220230.Google Scholar
Khan, AY, Salaria, S, Ovais, M, et al. Depot antipsychotics: where do we stand? Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2016; 28(4): 289298.Google Scholar
Arango, C, Bombin, I, Gonzalez-Salvador, T, et al. Randomised clinical trial comparing oral versus depot formulations of zuclopenthixol in patients with schizophrenia and previous violence. Eur Psychiatry. 2006; 21(1): 3440.Google Scholar
Correll, CU, Citrome, L, Haddad, PM, et al. The use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia: evaluating the evidence. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016; 77(Suppl 3): 124.Google Scholar
Rezansoff, SN, Moniruzzaman, A, Fazel, S, et al. Adherence to antipsychotic medication and criminal recidivism in a Canadian provincial offender population. Schizophr Bull. 2017; 43(5): 10021010.Google Scholar
Lynn Starr, H, Bermak, J, Mao, L, et al. Comparison of long-acting and oral antipsychotic treatment effects in patients with schizophrenia, comorbid substance abuse, and a history of recent incarceration: an exploratory analysis of the PRIDE study. Schizophr Res. 2018; 194: 3946.Google Scholar
Iozzino, L, Ferrari, C, Large, M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of violence by psychiatric acute inpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10(6): e0128536.Google Scholar
Trudeau, KJ, Burtner, J, Villapiano, AJ, et al. Burden of schizophrenia or psychosis-related symptoms in adults undergoing substance abuse evaluation. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2018; 206(7): 528536.Google Scholar
Alphs, L, Benson, C, Cheshire-Kinney, K, et al. Real-world outcomes of paliperidone palmitate compared to daily oral antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia: a randomized, open-label, review board-blinded 15-month study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015; 76(5): 554561.Google Scholar
Strassnig, M, Bowie, C, Pinkham, AE, et al. Which levels of cognitive impairments and negative symptoms are related to functional deficits in schizophrenia? J Psychiatr Res. 2018; 104: 124129.Google Scholar
Fu, DJ, Turkoz, I, Walling, D, et al. Paliperidone palmitate once-monthly maintains improvement in functioning domains of the personal and social performance scale compared with placebo in subjects with schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Res. 2018; 192: 185193.Google Scholar
Montemagni, C, Frieri, T, Rocca, P. Second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia: patient functioning and quality of life. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016; 12: 917929.Google Scholar
Sajatovic, M, Ramirez, LF, Fuentes-Casiano, E, et al. A 6-month prospective trial of a personalized behavioral intervention + long acting injectable antipsychotic in individuals with schizophrenia at risk of treatment non adherence and homelessness. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017; 37(6): 702707.Google Scholar
Medrano, S, Abdel-Baki, A, Stip, E, et al. Three-year naturalistic study on early use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in first episode psychosis. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2018; 48(4): 2561.Google Scholar
Krakowski, MI, Czobor, P. Depression and impulsivity as pathways to violence: implications for antiaggressive treatment. Schizophr Bull. 2014; 40(4): 886894.Google Scholar
Krakowski, MI, Czobor, P, Citrome, L, et al. Atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of violent patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006; 63(6): 622629.Google Scholar
Krakowski, M, Czobor, P, Citrome, L. Weight gain, metabolic parameters, and the impact of race in aggressive inpatients randomized to double-blind clozapine, olanzapine or haloperidol. Schizophr Res. 2009; 110(1–3): 95102.Google Scholar
Citrome, L, Volavka, J, Czobor, P, et al. Effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on hostility among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2001; 52(11): 15101514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swanson, JW, Swartz, MS, Van Dorn, RA, et al. Comparison of antipsychotic medication effects on reducing violence in people with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2008; 193(1): 3743.Google Scholar
Hodgins, S, Riaz, M. Violence and phases of illness: differential risk and predictors. Eur Psychiatry. 2011; 26(8): 518524.Google Scholar
Swanson, JW, Swartz, MS, Elbogen, EB. Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic medications in reducing violent behavior among persons with schizophrenia in community-based treatment. Schizophr Bull. 2004; 30(1): 320.Google Scholar
Chengappa, KN, Vasile, J, Levine, J, et al. Clozapine: its impact on aggressive behavior among patients in a state psychiatric hospital. Schizophr Res. 2002; 53(1–2): 16.Google Scholar
Fond, G, Boyer, L, Boucekine, M, et al. Illness and drug modifiable factors associated with violent behavior in homeless people with severe mental illness: results from the French Housing First (FHF) program. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019; 90: 9296.Google Scholar
Kranzler, H, Roofeh, D, Gerbino-Rosen, G, et al. Clozapine: its impact on aggressive behavior among children and adolescents with schizophrenia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005; 44(1): 5563.Google Scholar
Chalasani, L, Kant, R, Chengappa, KN. Clozapine impact on clinical outcomes and aggression in severely ill adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry. 2001; 46(10): 965968.Google Scholar
Cohen, SA, Underwood, MT. The use of clozapine in a mentally retarded and aggressive population. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994; 55(10): 440444.Google Scholar
Hotham, JE, Simpson, PJ, Brooman-White, RS, et al. Augmentation of clozapine with amisulpride: an effective therapeutic strategy for violent treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients in a UK high security hospital. CNS Spectr. 2014; 19(5): 403410.Google Scholar
Ifteni, P, Szalontay, AS, Teodorescu, A. Reducing restraint with clozapine in involuntarily admitted patients with schizophrenia. Am J Ther. 2017; 24(22): 222226.Google Scholar
Volavka, J. The effects of clozapine on aggression and substance abuse in schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999; 60: 4346.Google ScholarPubMed
Balbuena, L, Mela, M, Wong, S, et al. Does clozapine promote employability and reduce offending among mentally disordered offenders? Can J Psychiatry. 2010; 55(1): 5056.Google Scholar
Kraus, JE, Sheitman, BB. Clozapine reduces violent behavior in heterogeneous diagnostic groups. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005; 17(1): 3644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, DL, Conley, RR, Feldman, S, et al. Adjunct divalproex or lithium to clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatr Q. 2006; 77(1): 8195.Google Scholar
Kisely, SR, Campbell, LA. Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders. Schizophr Bull. 2015; 41(3): 542543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swartz, MS, Bhattacharya, S, Robertson, AG, et al. Involuntary outpatient commitment and the elusive pursuit of violence prevention. Can J Psychiatry. 2017; 62(2): 102108.Google Scholar
Barnett, P, Matthews, H, Lloyd-Evans, B, et al. Compulsory community treatment to reduce readmission to hospital and increase engagement with community care in people with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018; 5(12): 10131022.Google Scholar
Swartz, MS, Wilder, CM, Swanson, JW, et al. Assessing outcomes for consumers in New York’s assisted outpatient treatment program. Psychiatr Serv. 2010; 61(10): 976981.Google Scholar
Segal, SP, Rimes, L, Hayes, SL. The utility of outpatient commitment: reduced-risks of victimization and crime perpetration. Eur Psychiatry. 2019; 56: 97104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×