In Carl Stumpf's approach, tone psychology was directed toward individual and experimental research and it played an important role in comparative psychology, one of Stumpf's primary interests. With the Berlin Phonogram Archive established, Stumpf specified three goals for comparative musicology: the analysis of sound using musical criteria, examination of the psychological role of music for human beings and the study of musical instruments. Together with Stumpf and Otto Abraham, Erich M. Von Hornbostel made contributions that are recognized in the history of world music as instrumental in the establishment of comparative musicology. Hornbostel and Stumpf were interested in the comparison of acoustics and music. Hornbostel published an article on comparative acoustic and music psychological studies, in which he specifies the methods to be used in the comparative study of world music: experiments with non-European subjects, pitch-measurements on musical instruments and studies that employ phonographs.